东方田鼠皮肤成纤维细胞的分离培养及生物学特性

目的探索和建立东方田鼠皮肤成纤维细胞体外分离、培养的技术方法并观察其生物学特性。方法采用含10%小牛血清的Dulbecco改良Eagle培养液(DMEM)和1640两种培养体系,运用组织块贴壁法和胰酶消化法,分别对出生后1、3 d和5 d的东方田鼠乳鼠皮肤成纤维细胞进行原代分离、培养。苏木素-伊红染色及倒置相差显微镜下观察成纤维细胞形态和生长特性。结果 0.25%胰酶消化分离出生后1 d和3 d东方田鼠乳鼠皮肤较出生后5 d组织可获得较多数量细胞,成纤维细胞在体外快速贴壁生长,一般6～7 d长满培养瓶,细胞纯度高,HE染色细胞呈长梭形,胞核明显;DMEM和1640两种培养液均可用于东方田鼠皮肤成纤维细胞的培养,但细胞传代后生长趋缓,只可传代2～3次。本实验运用组织块贴壁法未能培养出皮肤成纤维细胞。结论确定了有效分离东方田鼠皮肤成纤维细胞的日龄和方法,为进一步深入研究提供了技术方法和操作依据。     

贴壁法分离培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的生物学特性

目的建立一种简便有效的体外分离纯化及培养扩增大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)的方法。研究MSCs的生物学特性,为血管组织工程提供理想的种子细胞。方法贴壁培养法分离纯化大鼠MSCs体外培养和连续传代,在倒置显微镜下连续观察细胞的形态变化;利用MTT法测定MSCs的生长曲线;行免疫组化方法鉴定MSCs膜抗原;分别加成骨、成脂肪诱导剂后MSCs体外培养1到3周,分别做碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、VonKossa染色及油红O染色,观察细胞形态变化、成骨及成脂肪分化结果。结果MSCs体外培养生长状况良好,呈均一的成纤维细胞样,表达波形蛋白(Vimentin)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA),不表达层粘连蛋白(Laminin)、CD34、VIII因子相关抗原(VIII)。经体外诱导后具有多向分化潜能。结论贴壁培养法能有效分离纯化大鼠MSCs,用此方法培养的细胞生长稳定,增殖能力活跃,具有MSCs的一般生物学特性,为其成为血管组织工程理想的种子细胞提供了进一步的支持。     

原代成人皮肤真皮成纤维细胞系的构建

目的:对人皮肤成纤维细胞进行分离、纯化、培养及细胞鉴定,探讨优化的分离及纯化方法,为构建表皮-真皮皮肤模型提供种子细胞。方法:使用两步消化法提取人真皮层,酶消化法提取成纤维细胞后培养数代,对细胞进行形态学观察,HE染色,免疫细胞化学鉴定细胞标志物Vimentin,MTT法测定细胞增殖,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况。结果:利用倒置显微镜及HE染色,可见细胞为散在分布的壁细胞,细胞汇流时呈鱼群样或漩涡状排列,细胞在30代内形态保持不变;细胞增殖曲线大体呈S型,流式细胞仪测得细胞凋亡率分别为(8.15±0.618)%和(7.83±0.415)%。结论:优化提取真皮成纤维细胞的方法,构建2株不同年龄的真皮成纤维细胞系,为药妆研究以及重组皮肤模型的研究奠定了基础。     

大鼠胚胎后肾间充质细胞的分离、培养及鉴定

分离、培养大鼠胚胎后肾间充质细胞(MMCS),取孕13d大鼠胚胎,分离胚胎肾脏,去除输尿管芽,消化后置37℃、5%CO2、饱和湿度的培养箱中培养.倒置相差显微镜下观察培养细胞,并行HE染色、电镜观察、生长曲线测定;ABC免疫酶染色法检测波形蛋白、角蛋白、nestin、CD133、CD34;直接免疫荧光法检测双花扁豆凝集素(Dolichos Biflorus,DB),并流式细胞术定量检测.MMCS形态为成纤维细胞样,贴壁生长,48～72h达生长高峰;波形蛋白、nestin、CD133表达阳性;角蛋白、CD34、DB表达阴性;MMCS以DB标记后流式细胞检测为单峰.结果表明:培养细胞为后肾间充质细胞,纯度较高并符合干细胞特征.     

新生大鼠肺成纤维细胞的原代培养改良法及细胞鉴定

探讨新生大鼠肺成纤维细胞原代培养的改良方法及细胞鉴定。用胰酶消化组织块结合的方法提取新生大鼠肺成纤维细胞,并纯化细胞,对肺成纤维细胞进行形态学观察,用HE染色及免疫组化染色法对细胞进行鉴定,并用MTT法测定细胞生长曲线。倒置相差显微镜下观察选用改良法获得的细胞,3 d后可见组织块周边有少许细胞,5 d后组织块周围有大量细胞爬出,生长迅速,10 d接近融合。经改良后的方法纯化细胞,细胞活性状态较好的为3~5代,5代以后的细胞增殖能力下降。对第3代肺成纤维细胞进行HE染色,镜下可见形态典型的成纤维细胞,免疫组化结果显示波形蛋白(Vi-mentin)阳性表达,细胞角蛋白(cytokeratin)阴性表达。MTT法检测第3代细胞于3~5 d处于对数生长期。胰酶消化组织块结合法是一种可靠快速的肺成纤维细胞分离纯化的培养方法,使用这种方法可得到具有典型形态特征且活性较好的肺成纤维细胞,初学者容易掌握。     

树鼩原代皮肤成纤维细胞的分离培养技术

建立稳定的树鼩(Tupaiabelangeri)皮肤成纤维细胞的体外培养体系,可为有关此类细胞的实验和疾病树鼩细胞模型提供技术支持。取树鼩大腿内侧皮肤用组织块贴壁法和胶原酶Ⅰ消化法分离皮肤细胞,胰蛋白酶差别消化法纯化细胞;用MEM(10%FBS)完全培养基和含低血清生长添加物(LSGS)的培养基培养细胞;免疫荧光和蛋白印迹法鉴定细胞,并测定细胞的生长、冻存和复苏特性。经树鼩皮肤细胞分离效果比较,胶原酶消化法比组织块贴壁法更适合用于树鼩原代皮肤细胞分离;对分离及冻存复苏后细胞生长状况观察比较发现,添加了LSGS的MEM培养基更利于细胞存活、生长;细胞形态观察、免疫荧光和蛋白印迹检测鉴定所分离的细胞为树鼩皮肤成纤维细胞。成功建立了树鼩原代皮肤细胞的分离、纯化方法,并优化了该细胞的培养条件。     

成年SD大鼠心肌原代成纤维细胞分离及培养的优化方案

目的:摸索及优选成年SD大鼠心肌原代成纤维细胞的体外分离、培养及鉴定的实验方法。方法:将成年SD大鼠心脏剪成小组织块,采用以下四种方案(A:0.08%胰酶+0.1%胶原酶II消化15 min,B:0.2%胶原酶II消化15 min,C:0.2%胶原酶II消化60min,D:0.2%胶原酶II消化90 min)提取成年大鼠心脏原代成纤维细胞,再通过差速贴壁分离方法培养原代成纤维细胞。采用倒置显微镜观察成纤维细胞的基本形态特征,并进行Vimentiin免疫荧光染色对培养的原代细胞进行荧光鉴定;采用台盼兰染色对培养的原代成纤维细胞存活率进行鉴定;采用细胞计数对培养的成纤维细胞生长趋势进行鉴定。结果:四种方法均能培养成纤维细胞,但单酶消化60 min可一次性提取较多细胞,并且细胞状态佳,3 d即可传代。72 h成纤维细胞Vimentin免疫荧光染色阳性率高达97%。台盼兰染色可见其细胞死亡率明显降低,并且细胞计数可见细胞生长状态极佳。结论:单酶消化60 min是提取成年SD大鼠心肌原代成纤维细胞的高效、快速、稳定的实验方法,为心脏疾病的基础及临床研究提供了较为理想的细胞学实验模型。     

皮肤成纤维细胞复合纤维修复前交叉韧带的初步研究

目的:本实验采用皮肤成纤维细胞修复原位冻融的前交叉韧带,以探索皮肤成纤维细胞作为构建组织工程前交叉韧带种子细胞的可行性.方法:体外分离培养兔皮肤成纤维细胞(SF),传代培养之后将细胞复合纤维生物蛋白胶,将细胞.纤维蛋白胶复合物植入原位冻融的前交叉韧带处.12周取材切片行HE染色及天狼猩红染色,使用偏振光显微镜观察.并使用图象分析软件对Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原含量进行半定量分析.结果:采用皮肤成纤维细胞复合纤维生物蛋白胶修复原位冻融的前交叉韧带的Ⅲ型胶原含量较单纯冻融的前交叉韧带明显减少,而较正常前交叉韧带则无明显统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:皮肤成纤维细胞可作为构建组织工程前交又韧带的较为理想的种子细胞选择.     

猪胎儿肾脏成纤维细胞体外培养体系的建立

本研究旨在建立猪胎儿肾脏成纤维细胞体外培养体系,并探讨其作为猪体细胞克隆供体的可能性。使用组织块培养法从体长为10cm以上的猪胎儿分离得到猪胎儿肾脏成纤维细胞,绘制了生长曲线,鉴定了细胞类型并且进行了细胞周期同期化效果的研究。结果表明:该培养体系可以支持猪胎儿肾脏成纤维细胞的体外生长,单个细胞均为梭形细胞,抗波形蛋白免疫荧光染色显示为阳性,而抗角形蛋白免疫荧光染色为阴性,分离到的细胞为胎儿肾脏成纤维细胞。使用血清饥饿法和接触抑制法诱导细胞进入G0/G1期,并且分别比较两者同期化效率,结果显示:血清饥饿2d和4d的同期化效率差异不显著,但都比8d组的高(88.97%和87.69%比82.45%,P<0.05);接触抑制4d、6d组间同期化效率差异不显著,但都比0d组的高(85.56%和85.89%比81.82%,P<0.05)。本研究在国内首次分离得到猪胎儿肾脏成纤维细胞,已经在体外传代培养到32代,其同期化效果好,可以作为体细胞克隆供体。     

兔骨髓间充质干细胞的体外分离培养和生物学特性观察

目的:探讨兔骨髓间充质干细胞体外分离、培养和鉴定方法,观察其生物学特性.方法:采集兔股骨及胫骨骨髓组织,采用密度梯度离心法结合贴壁培养法体外分离、培养和扩增兔骨髓间充质干细胞,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态,绘制原代、第1、3、8代细胞生长曲线,流式细胞术检测细胞表面标志物,成骨和成脂肪诱导培养鉴定,观察细胞生物学特性.结果:培养的BMSCs呈纺锤形、长梭形,旋涡状排列、放射性生长,增值活跃.各代细胞生长曲线呈S型,细胞增值活跃.细胞表面标志物CD44分子阳性,CD34和CD45分子阴性.经成骨和成脂肪诱导后细胞碱性磷酸酶染色和油红O染色阳性.结论:成功建立了兔BMSCs体外分离、培养的有效方法,扩增的BMSCs仍保留多向分化潜能,是理想的组织工程种子细胞.     

Biological characters of human dermal fibroblasts derived from foreskin of male infertile patients

Dermal fibroblasts play a vital role in maintaining skin function. They not only synthesize and secrete extracellular matrix molecules, but also produce a complex mixture of bioactive factors, which both contribute to immune regulation and wound healing. Fibroblasts isolated from skin tissue exhibit wide range of potentials, especially in regenerative medicine. The use of fibroblast cultures for medical purposes requires standardization of cell preparations. To achieve this, we isolated and characterized dermal fibroblasts from human foreskin with a standardized method. The obtained cells grew as typical morphology of fibroblasts, and expressed intermediate filament protein vimentin and nestin. Immunophenotypic analysis indicated that the isolated fibroblasts expressed mesenchymal surface markers CD73, CD90, CD44 and CD105, and were negative for haematopoietic markers CD45 and CD34. Growth kinetics analysis of the cells showed high proliferative properties. Furthermore, cryopreservation had no influence on cell morphology and growth properties. Here, we describe a standardized, repeatable method for isolation of fibroblasts from human foreskin tissues and identify their biological characters according to morphologic, immunohistologic and proliferative criteria, which would be meaningful for future clinical trials and regenerative medicine purposes.     

Study on fibroblasts in Marfan's syndrome

Fibroblasts grown from the skin of patients with Marfan's syndrome (mother and son) were investigated cytogenetically and biochemically together with fibroblasts from healthy individuals.In Marfan's syndrome the cross-linking of the tropocollagen chains is disturbed already on the cellular level. The high ratio of soluble collagen to insoluble collagen (3:1), compared with controls, where the ratio is 1:1, supports this concept. The high free hydroxyproline content in normal fibroblasts and in those of Marfan's syndrome (in early passages) forming about 70% of total cell hydroxyproline speaks for the participation of fibroblasts not only in the synthesis but also in the catabolism of newly formed young forms of collagenous proteins. In contrast to controls the fibroblasts from the skin of both patients suffering from Marfan's syndrome changed in the sense of ageing depending on the duration of their cultivation in vitro. This stability is illustrated by the equalization of the ratio of soluble to insoluble collagenous proteins to 1:1.Presented at the Symposium on Genetics in Ophthalmology, June 10th 1965 in Brno, Czechoslovakia.     

Organ-Dependent Expression of Differentiated States in Fibroblasts Cultured in Vitro

Mouse fibroblasts were obtained from three different organs (skin, lung and heart), cultured and investigated to know whether the fibroblasts express differentiated characters in an organ-dependent manner. Fibroblasts showed organ-dependent morphology at the confluent state. Fibroblasts were labeled with [³⁵S]-methionine, and the pattern of protein synthesized was electrophoretically analyzed for both cellular proteins and extracellular proteins. Though most proteins were common to three types of fibroblasts, some proteins were produced in an organ-dependent manner. Experiments on DNA synthesis and colony forming ability under a low density culture revealed that skin fibroblasts were the most proliferative among the three, while heart fibroblasts were the least. When fibroblasts were three-dimensionally cultured in collagen gels, heart fibroblasts induced the gel contraction most intensely and skin fibroblasts did the least. In accordance with the ability of contraction heart fibroblasts secreted more collagen and fibronectin than skin and lung fibroblasts. Results in the present study indicate that the fibroblasts of three organs are in the organ-dependent states of differentiation; heart fibroblasts are well differentiated while skin and lung fibroblasts are less differentiated, i.e. , more proliferative and less active in the synthesis of extracellular matrices.     

Fibroblasts from persons predisposed to cancer are abnormally resistant to 5-azacytidine-induced cytotoxicity

We have determined the sensitivity to 5-azacytidine of cultured fibroblasts obtained from clinically defined areas on the skin of patients with hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR) and von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF). Fibroblasts from normal appearing skin of both ACR and NF patients were about 2- to 3-fold more resistant to 5-azacytidine-induced cytotoxicity than were fibroblasts obtained from comparable areas of normal persons. Fibroblasts from café-au-lait lesions and from neurofibromas (NF) were increasingly more resistant to 5-azacytidine than were fibroblasts taken from normal appearing skin of the same NF patients as well as of patients from different pedigrees. The results show that fibroblasts from persons predisposed to cancer and from cancer-prone tissues in such persons are abnormally resistant to 5-azacytidine as determined by the cloning efficiency assay.     

Fibroblast sources: Where can we get them?

Fibroblasts are cells widely used in cell culture, both for transient primary cell culture or permanent as transformed cell lines. Lately, fibroblasts become cell sources for use in disease modeling after cell reprogramming because it is easily accessible in the body. Fibroblasts in patients will maintain all genetic background during reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells. In spite of their large use, fibroblasts are obtained after an invasive procedure, a superficial punch skin biopsy, collected under patient’s local anesthesia. Taking into consideration the minimum patient’s discomfort during and after the biopsy procedure, as well as the aesthetics aspect, it is essential to reflect on the best site of the body for the biopsy procedure combined with the success of getting robust fibroblast cultures in the lab. For this purpose, we compared the efficiency of four biopsy sites of the body (skin from eyelid, back of the ear, abdominal cesarean scar and groin). Cell proliferation assays and viability after cryopreservation were measured. Our results revealed that scar tissue provided fibroblasts with higher proliferative rates. Also, fibroblasts from scar tissues presented a higher viability after the thawing process.     

Changes in the secretion and glycosylation of fibronectin by human skin fibroblasts associated with tuberous sclerosis

Fibroblasts from skin and skin lesions of patients with tuberous sclerosis (TS) and from skin of normal individuals were grown in culture. ELISA showed that the spent medium of those derived from TS skin lesions contained significantly more fibronectin (FN) than spent medium from the other cells. Amino acid compositional analysis of the FN from TS and normal sources revealed no substantial differences. However the FN of fibroblasts from TS-skin lesions was shown by HPAEC to contain a two- to three-fold increased content of carbohydrate. The changed monosaccharide composition was consistent with an increased content of N- and O-linked glycans and with the former containing polylactosamine chains. Fibroblasts from a normal individual were shown to proliferate more slowly and to produce larger cells when grown on FN from a TS skin lesion compared to growth on FN from normal skin. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Fibrin clot retraction by human skin fibroblasts: effects of ADP and thrombin.

Thrombin stimulated human skin fibroblasts to retract fibrin clots. When Bothrops marajoensis thrombinlike enzyme was substituted for thrombin, no retraction occurred. Fibroblasts were found to contain 12 nmole of ATP and 3.6 nmole of ADP/mg of protein, a value closely resembling that of nonmetabolic adenine nucleotides in platelets. Thrombin caused neither release of adenine nucleotides from the suspension of fibroblasts harvested enzymatically nor did addition of ADP stimulate fibroblasts to retract fibrin clots.     

Cholesteatoma Fibroblasts Promote Epithelial Cell Proliferation through Overexpression of Epiregulin

To investigate whether keratinocytes proliferate in response to epiregulin produced by subepithelial fibroblasts derived from middle ear cholesteatoma. Tissue samples were obtained from patients undergoing tympanoplasty. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine epiregulin expression and localization in cholesteatoma tissues and retroauricular skin tissues. Fibroblasts were cultured from cholesteatoma tissues and from normal retroauricular skin. These fibroblasts were used as feeder cells for culture with a human keratinocyte cell line (PHK16-0b). To investigate the role of epiregulin in colony formation by PHK16-0b cells, epiregulin mRNA expression was knocked down in fibroblasts by using short interfering RNA and epiregulin protein was blocked with a neutralizing antibody. Epiregulin mRNA expression was significantly elevated in cholesteatoma tissues compared with that in normal retroauricular skin. Staining for epiregulin was more intense in the epithelial cells and subepithelial fibroblasts of cholesteatoma tissues than in retroauricular skin. When PHK16-0b cells were cultured with cholesteatoma fibroblasts, their colony-forming efficiency was 50% higher than when these cells were cultured with normal skin fibroblasts. Also, knockdown of epiregulin mRNA in cholesteatoma fibroblasts led to greater suppression of colony formation than knockdown in skin fibroblasts. Furthermore, the colony-forming efficiency of PHK16-0b cells was significantly reduced after treatment with an epiregulin neutralizing antibody in co-culture with cholesteatoma fibroblasts, but not in co-culture with skin fibroblasts. These results suggest that keratinocyte hyperproliferation in cholesteatoma is promoted through overexpression of epiregulin by subepithelial fibroblasts via epithelial–mesenchymal interactions, which may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of middle ear cholesteatoma.     

Studies on the formation of lactate and pyruvate from glucose in cultured skin fibroblasts: implications for detection of respiratory chain defects

We investigated the time course of the formation of lactate and pyruvate from glucose in cultured skin fibroblasts from controls, from a patient with a cytochrome c oxidase deficiency and from controls treated with inhibitors of the individual respiratory chain complexes. Fibroblasts from the patient and inhibitor treated fibroblasts produced more lactate and less pyruvate; this resulted in a significant increase in the lactate to pyruvate ratio, reflecting an increased cytosolic NADH/NAD+ redox state. We conclude that measurement of lactate and pyruvate production from glucose in cultured skin fibroblasts can be of value in the diagnosis of inherited diseases of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.     

Promigratory and procontractile growth factor environments differentially regulate cell morphogenesis

Three-dimensional (3D) cell-matrix cultures provide a useful model to analyze and dissect the structural, functional, and mechanical aspects of cell-matrix interactions and motile behavior important for cell and tissue morphogenesis. In the current studies we tested the effects of serum and physiological growth factors on the morphogenetic behavior of human fibroblasts cultured on the surfaces of 3D collagen matrices. Fibroblasts in medium containing serum contracted into clusters, whereas cells in medium containing platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were observed to migrate as individuals. The clustering activity of serum appeared to depend on lysophosphatidic acid, required cell contraction based on inhibition by blocking Rho kinase or myosin II, and was reversed upon switching to PDGF. Oncogenic Ras transformed human fibroblasts did not exhibit serum-stimulated cell clustering. Our findings emphasize the importance of cell-specific promigratory and procontractile growth factor environments in the differential regulation of cell motile function and cell morphogenesis.