小鼠脐带间充质干细胞的体外诱导分化

目的分离扩增小鼠脐带间充质干细胞(mouse umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,m UCMSCs)探讨其是否可诱导成软骨、脂肪和成骨细胞。方法通过贴壁培养法将m UCMSCs体外分离、扩增、纯化,倒置显微镜下观察细胞的形态特征,运用流式细胞仪检测分析细胞的抗原标志表达进行鉴定。运用诱导培养液对分离的m UCMSCs分别定向诱导培养为软骨、脂肪和成骨细胞。结果运用组织贴块培养法可从新鲜脐带中分离到贴壁生长的成纤维样细胞,这些细胞高表达CD29、CD90和CD105,低表达CD34。成软骨诱导后阿新兰染色呈蓝色;成脂诱导后油红O染色,出现红色脂滴;茜红素染色成骨诱导的m UCMSC,可见红色结节。结论贴壁培养法分离培养所获得的m UCMSCs在体外可诱导分化为软骨、脂肪和成骨细胞。     

兔骨髓间充质干细胞的体外分离培养和生物学特性观察

目的:探讨兔骨髓间充质干细胞体外分离、培养和鉴定方法,观察其生物学特性.方法:采集兔股骨及胫骨骨髓组织,采用密度梯度离心法结合贴壁培养法体外分离、培养和扩增兔骨髓间充质干细胞,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态,绘制原代、第1、3、8代细胞生长曲线,流式细胞术检测细胞表面标志物,成骨和成脂肪诱导培养鉴定,观察细胞生物学特性.结果:培养的BMSCs呈纺锤形、长梭形,旋涡状排列、放射性生长,增值活跃.各代细胞生长曲线呈S型,细胞增值活跃.细胞表面标志物CD44分子阳性,CD34和CD45分子阴性.经成骨和成脂肪诱导后细胞碱性磷酸酶染色和油红O染色阳性.结论:成功建立了兔BMSCs体外分离、培养的有效方法,扩增的BMSCs仍保留多向分化潜能,是理想的组织工程种子细胞.     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离纯化与初步鉴定

目的：探讨体外分离、纯化大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)的方法,分析其部分表型特点。方法：用密度梯度离心结合贴壁培养法分离纯化大鼠骨髓MSCs,传代扩增,测定生长曲线,形态学观察,免疫细胞化学及图像分析测定细胞表面抗原和细胞外基质蛋白表达情况。结果：MSCs属骨髓中单个核细胞,密度梯度离心结合贴壁培养法能有效分离纯化大鼠骨髓MSCs,MSCs在含10％小牛血清的L-DMEM中生长性状相对稳定,1、3、5代细胞生长曲线基本一致,增殖速度快。细胞呈均一的成纤维细胞样,均一表达CD44、CD54、纤维粘连蛋白(Fibronectin,FN)、Ⅰ型胶原(CollagenⅠ)。结论：本实验建立了一种体外分离纯化、培养扩增大鼠骨髓MSCs的方法,MSCs稳定表达CD44、CD54、FN、CollagenⅠ。     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞诱导分化为脂肪细胞的免疫细胞化学研究

目的 探讨大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSC)分离、纯化和体外诱导分化为脂肪细胞。方法 用密度梯度离心结合贴壁培养、定期换液,分离纯化出生大鼠MSC,传代扩增,并用免疫细胞化学法鉴定大鼠MSC的表面抗原。含地塞米松、3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤和胰岛素的培养液诱导MSC分化后,油红O染色鉴定。结果 大鼠MSC体外扩增10代以上,稳定表达CD44、CD54、CD106。油红O染色显示诱导后,71.2％有脂滴积聚。结论 从大鼠骨髓分离、纯化、体外诱导培养MSC,可定向分化为脂肪细胞表型。     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分离与培养条件的优化研究

目的:建立和优化大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)的分离培养条件,以获得群体均一、未分化状态保持良好的MSCs.方法:收集不同周龄大鼠骨髓细胞;以不同浓度Percoll密度梯度离心分离骨髓单个核细胞;以60%低糖DMEM40%MCDB201为基础培养基,培养24h去悬浮细胞;以不同接种密度传代培养;碱性磷酸酶染色和油红O染色考察MSCs向骨和脂肪组织分化的潜能.结果:采用57%Percoll液的分离效果优于70%Percoll液.6周龄(体重约180g)大鼠能在细胞分离的质和量上达到最佳效果.24h进行悬浮细胞去除、5×103/cm2接种密度传代培养,光镜和电镜显示MSCs增殖能力强,功能状态活跃,成脂成骨实验显示多向分化潜能保持良好.结论:优化大鼠周龄、分离液的密度、细胞培养条件及改进培养方法有助于获得多向分化潜能保持良好的均一的MSCs.     

一种新方法获取颞下颌关节骨关节病患者滑膜间充质干细胞及细胞培养鉴定

该研究探讨从颞下颌关节骨关节病患者的关节冲洗液中获取滑膜间充质干细胞(synovial mesenchymal stem cells,SMSCs)并进行体外培养,研究其间充质干细胞特性。采用离心、贴壁培养法从颞下颌关节骨关节病患者的关节冲洗液中提取并分离细胞,进行细胞形态学观察、细胞生长及周期的分析,细胞表面物标志物流式细胞术检测,间充质干细胞标志物免疫荧光检测,成骨、成脂、成软骨多向分化能力检测,促血管分泌因子检测。结果显示,通过离心、贴壁培养法可稳定地从患者颞下颌关节冲洗液中获取滑膜间充质干细胞,体外培养呈对数生长。SMSCs表达间质源性细胞的特异性标记物CD73、CD90、CD105、波形蛋白(Vimentin)以及α平滑肌肌动蛋白的特异性标记物α-SMA。经诱导培养基诱导,SMSCs可分化为骨、软骨和脂肪细胞,细胞分泌液中可检测到如成纤维细胞生长因子(fibroblast growth factor,FGF)、angiopoietin、转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)等10余种促血管生长因子。以上结果表明,该研究成功建立了以微创的方式获取颞下颌关节骨关节病患者的滑膜间充质干细胞,有望为组织工程应用于骨软骨修复提供良好种子细胞的来源。     

牛脂肪间充质干细胞的分离、培养与鉴定

为了给组织工程提供种子细胞,对牛间充质干细胞(Adipose-derived stem cells,ADSCs)进行体外分离培养。首先应用胶原酶消化法分离牛ADSCs,进行体外培养、连续传代,并观察细胞的形态变化,通过细胞计数绘制生长曲线,细胞压片进行染色体分析,采用细胞免疫荧光化学方法检测细胞表面标记,利用成骨分化和成脂分化检测其分化能力。结果显示牛ADSCs体外培养时细胞形态呈成纤维细胞样,增殖稳定;Vimentin、CD49d、CD13表达呈阳性,CD34表达呈阴性;成骨诱导条件下的细胞碱性磷酸酶活性高,茜素红染色呈阳性;成脂诱导条件下细胞周围脂滴明显,油红-O染色呈阳性。结果证明牛ADSCs体外生长稳定、增殖速度快、定向分化能力强,简易的体外分离培养及诱导方法为其在组织工程中的应用奠定了基础。     

脐血间充质干细胞诱导向神经元样细胞分化的实验研究

目的：研究脐血间充质干细胞生物学特性及向神经元样细胞分化的潜能。方法：采用密度梯度离心结合贴壁培养法自脐血中分离间充质干细胞,观察细胞生长情况,描绘生长曲线,流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标志物,分别向成骨细胞、脂肪细胞、神经元样细胞进行诱导分化,通过茜素红染色、油红O染色检测脐血间充质干细胞成骨、成脂肪细胞诱导分化能力,而以免疫组织化学检测诱导后细胞表面神经标志物的表达。结果：纯化的脐血间充质干细胞贴壁生长,呈均一梭形,生长曲线呈S型,并以P3代增殖能力最强,细胞表面不表达或弱表达CD34、CD35、CD106,高表达CD29、CD44、CD105。成骨诱导2周后,可检测到钙化基质的形成,成脂肪诱导3周后,可检测到脂滴的形成。向神经元样细胞诱导分化后,可观察到典型的神经元样形态改变,且NSE、NF、GFAP阳性表达。结论：分离纯化的脐血间充质干细胞具有较强的增殖能力与分化潜能,并在体外诱导条件下可以向神经元样细胞定向分化。     

脐血间充质干细胞诱导向神经元样细胞分化的实验研究

目的:研究脐血间充质干细胞生物学特性及向神经元样细胞分化的潜能。方法:采用密度梯度离心结合贴壁培养法自脐血中分离间充质干细胞,观察细胞生长情况,描绘生长曲线,流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标志物,分别向成骨细胞、脂肪细胞、神经元样细胞进行诱导分化,通过茜素红染色、油红O染色检测脐血间充质干细胞成骨、成脂肪细胞诱导分化能力,而以免疫组织化学检测诱导后细胞表面神经标志物的表达。结果:纯化的脐血间充质干细胞贴壁生长,呈均一梭形,生长曲线呈S型,并以P3代增殖能力最强,细胞表面不表达或弱表达CD34、CD35、CD106,高表达CD29、CD44、CD105。成骨诱导2周后,可检测到钙化基质的形成,成脂肪诱导3周后,可检测到脂滴的形成。向神经元样细胞诱导分化后,可观察到典型的神经元样形态改变,且NSE、NF、GFAP阳性表达。结论:分离纯化的脐血间充质干细胞具有较强的增殖能力与分化潜能,并在体外诱导条件下可以向神经元样细胞定向分化。     

鼻黏膜间充质干细胞的培养、鉴定及诱导分化

目的建立Sprague Dawley(SD)大鼠鼻黏膜间充质干细胞(NM-MSCs)的获取、分离、培养方法,初步了解其生物学特性。方法通过SD大鼠鼻黏膜贴壁法体外分离、培养NM-MSCs,光镜下细胞形态学观察,用免疫荧光技术检测间充质干细胞和神经干细胞标记物,用流式细胞术检测细胞表面标记物,再诱导其向骨组织及脂肪组织方向分化,最后对其进行细胞周期检测及分析。结果分离培养的NM-MSCs光镜下以梭形与多角形细胞为主,呈放射状排列,且生长旺盛;免疫荧光染色显示NM-MSCs同时表达STRO-1和Nestin;第4代NM-MSCs不表达CD19、CD31、CD34、CD45及HLADR细胞表面标记物,但表达CD90、CD105基质细胞标记物;NM-MSCs经成骨、成脂诱导后,茜素红染色和油红O染色均呈阳性;细胞周期分析显示NM-MSCs符合干细胞生长的特性。结论 SD大鼠NM-MSCs组织块贴壁法获取容易,操作简单,且可大量扩增用于细胞实验研究,经体外诱导后具有多向分化潜能,具有间充质干细胞的一般生物学特性。SD大鼠鼻黏膜组织块贴壁法为组织细胞工程研究提供了充足的种子细胞来源。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various