太子参花叶病毒的生化特性研究

我们对中药材太子参(Psendostellaria heterophylla)花叶病毒外壳蛋白的分子量、氨基酸组份及核酸方面进行了研究,并根据其形态结构,病症表现,宿主范围及血清学实验综合分析,认为太子参花叶病毒是烟草花叶病毒(TMV)群中一个毒株。     

延边地区烟草病毒种类及病毒病的防治

对田间烟草进行病毒病种类的调查和鉴定结果表明,延边地区感染烟草的病毒主要是烟草花叶病毒(TMV)和黄瓜花叶病毒(cMV),而以两种病毒的混合侵染为主,达80-1 00％。弱毒疫苗N14．和CMV卫星RNA生防制剂S5,混合使用,或CMV卫星RNA生防制剂S512单独使用防治烟草病毒病,与不使用的对照比较,防治效果明显,达70.2—77.1％,上等烟比率达22.3—30.9％,而对照只有9．2-1 9.2％,亩收入比对照增加21．7—8 0.8％。     

烟粉虱对菜豆金黄花叶病毒属病毒的传播：病毒对媒介昆虫的适应

双生病毒科(Geminiviridae)菜豆金黄花叶病毒属病毒是一类重要的植物病毒,主要危害番茄、烟草、棉花等多种经济作物,自然条件下主要由介体昆虫烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci传播。菜豆金黄花叶病毒属病毒在田间的暴发受多种因素的影响,其中一个最重要的因素就是其介体昆虫烟粉虱。因此,明确烟粉虱在田间传播和扩散特定病毒中的作用及影响因素,对于解析病毒病流行的生物学基础具有重要意义。本文综述了烟粉虱对菜豆金黄花叶病毒属病毒的传播及影响因素,并讨论了病毒对媒介昆虫的适应及其机制。菜豆金黄花叶病毒属病毒和烟粉虱都为全球分布的有害生物,通过生物信息学的分析发现,两者都呈现地域相关的遗传多样性。而在生物学的研究中发现,烟粉虱隐存种往往对与其起源于同一地区的病毒具有较高的传播效率。这些发现为进一步解析烟粉虱对菜豆金黄花叶病毒属病毒的传播提供了重要的参考。     

从烟草上分离的黄瓜花叶病毒

黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)危害烟草已成为烟区严重病害之一,如山东烟区CMV 引起的烟草病毒病发病率达50%以上。GMV 在福建烟区的发病率也达15～30%。上述调查系根据烟草田间症状表现以及温室内不同鉴别寄主的反应和抗性测定得到。为了进一步研究与肯定CMV 引起的烟草病毒病,有必要由病株分离病毒和进行电子显微镜观察鉴定。     

大豆花叶病毒胁迫诱导的消减文库构建及初步分析

大豆花叶病毒病是危害大豆产量和品质的主要病害之一 ,通过分子手段研究大豆花叶病毒病基因的抗病相关基因表达可以辅助抗病育种工作。利用SSH技术 ,对抗大豆花叶病毒病的大豆品种 814 3进行分析 ,构建大豆花叶病毒胁迫诱导表达的cDNA文库 ,并对文库进行初步分析。     

太子参病毒病及其脱病毒研究进展

对近30年来太子参病毒病、脱病毒技术及其病毒检测等方面的研究进展作一综述,以期为太子参GAP的具体实施提供科学依据.     

西瓜花叶病毒中国分离株全基因组核苷酸序列测定

西瓜花叶病毒(Watermelon mosaic virus,WMV)是马铃薯Y病毒属(Potyvirus)成员,主要危害西瓜和甜瓜,引起花叶病。在田间,该病害主要由蚜虫以非持久性方式传播。西瓜和甜瓜花叶病在国内陕西、山东、云南、辽宁、山西、新疆、河南和黑龙江等地广泛发生[1-6]。从20世纪80年代中期开始发生,逐渐上升为普遍发生的主要病害。我国大部分地区因西瓜和甜瓜病毒病造成的损失为30%~50%,甚至会绝产,西瓜花叶病毒已经成为制约西瓜和甜瓜高产稳产最主要的因素之一[7]。到目前为止,多数工作集中在对西瓜和甜瓜病毒病的鉴定,在分子生物学上仅限于对CP基因…     

从烟草上分离的黄瓜花叶病毒

黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)危害烟草已成为烟区严重病害之一,如山东烟区CMV引起的烟草病毒病发病率达50%以上。CMV在福建烟区的发病率也达15～30%。上述调查系根据烟草田间症状表现以及温室内不同鉴别寄主的反应和抗性测定得到。为了进一步     

重庆烟草地区ELISA检测

为调查重庆主要烟草地区的病毒病种类,采用没脸免疫吸附法(ELISA)对采自重庆涪陵、彭水、万州、黔江、武隆、酉阳的258份的烟草样品进行了病毒病种类的检测.检测结果表明,其中274份样品呈阳性。主要受到7种病毒病的侵染,主要包括:烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)、马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)、马铃薯X病毒(Potato virus X,PVX)、芜菁花叶病毒(Turnip mosaic virus,TuMV)、蚕豆萎蔫病毒2号Broad bean wilt virus 2,BBWV-2)、烟草蚀纹病毒(Tobacco etch virus,TEV)。其中TMV的检出率最高,达50%,已成为重庆地区烟草优势病原。     

利用小RNA深度测序技术鉴定半夏病毒病病原

RNA沉默是真核生物体内由病毒来源的干扰小RNA（virus derived small interfering RNA, vsiRNA）沉默复合物介导目标RNA特异降解的一种保守机制,通过对vsiRNA分析可进行植物病毒病原鉴定。本文利用小RNA深度测序技术对感病半夏叶片进行鉴定,结果发现,表现典型花叶症状的半夏叶片受到大豆花叶病毒（Soybean mosaic virus, SMV）、黄瓜花叶病毒（Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV）、芋花叶病毒（Dasheen mosaic virus, DsMV）、魔芋花叶病毒（Konjac mosaic virus, KoMV）、烟草花叶病毒（Tobacco mosaic virus, TMV）等多种病毒的复合侵染。为明确SMV山西半夏分离物（SMV-SXBX）的进化关系,进行SMV-SXBX全基因组克隆与分析,获得SMV-SXBX全长为9 735 nt,编码一个由3 105个氨基酸组成的多聚蛋白质。通过核苷酸与氨基酸序列比对发现,SMV-SXBX与半夏分离物P同源性最高,分别为91.1%和94.1%,且系统发育分析表明,SMV-SXBX与半夏SMV分离物P聚为一簇。同时,也对vsiRNA进行了系统分析,研究结果有望为半夏SMV的有效防治提供一定科学依据。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.