急性下壁心肌梗死急诊PCI术中应用临时起搏器与阿托品的对比研究

目的：探讨临时起搏器与阿托品在急性下壁心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）中应用的疗效。方法：入选2012 年2 月至2013 年8 月我院收治的发病12 小时内,诊断为急性下壁心肌梗死并接受急诊PCI治疗的患者92 例,依据治疗方法的不同 将病例分为临时起搏组和阿托品组,并对病例进行为期一年的追踪随访,收集患者平均住院天数、平均住院费用、再灌注心律失 常、心肌梗死后心绞痛、心肌梗死后心衰发生率资料。结果：临时起搏组的平均住院天数、平均住院费用、心肌梗死后心绞痛、心肌 梗死后心衰发生率均显著低于阿托品治疗组（P 均<0.05）,阿托品治疗组的再灌注心律失常发生率则明显低于临时起搏组（P<0. 05）。结论：急性下壁心肌梗死急诊PCI中应用临时起搏器,具有治疗成本低,降低心血管事件发生率的优点,而阿托品治疗在改 善再灌注心律失常的疗效上则显著优于临时起搏治疗。     

血栓抽吸联合PCI术前阿托伐他汀强化治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死

目的:探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用GOODMAN血栓抽吸装置联合术前阿托伐他汀强化治疗对心肌组织灌注及临床预后的影响.方法:选择梗死相关血管心肌梗死溶栓试验血流0级的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者80例,随机分为血栓抽吸联PCI术前阿托伐他汀强化治疗组(试验组)40例和标准PCI治疗组(对照组)40例.比较两组患者术后心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流分级、TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG)、心电图ST段回落百分比、左心室射血分数(LVEF)及住院期间主要心血管不良事件(MACE).结果:试验组TIMI血流分级、TMPG、ST段回落百分比、LVEF均明显优于对照组(P＜0.05).两组患者住院期间MACE发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用血栓抽吸联合术前阿托伐他汀强化治疗安全可行,可有效清除冠状动脉内血栓,改善心肌组织灌注及术后心脏功能,并且不增加主要心血管事件的发生率.     

远端保护装置治疗老年急性ST 段抬高型心肌梗死心肌标志物 变化的研究

目的:探讨应用远端保护装置GuardWire PlusTM治疗老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)对外周血肌钙蛋白(cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)的影响。方法:将2004年9月至2009年12月在我院行急诊PCI的60例年龄>60岁老年STEMI患者分为远端保护组(GW)和非远端保护组(NGW)。于术前、术后4h、8h、12h、16h、24h、2d、3d、5d分别测定外周血cTnI、CK-MB水平,并比较两组间变化及其峰值水平。结果:两组全部病例均成功植入支架。GW组全部成功放置GuardWire PlusTM远端保护装置。发病后12h两组CK-MB的值有明显差别(P<0.05),并且GW组出现酶峰提前,发病后6h、12h两组的CTNI的值有明显差别(P<0.05),并且GW组出现峰值提前。结论:老年心肌梗死急诊PCI中应用远端保护装置可以缩小梗死面积,改善预后。     

绕行急诊和直接呼叫120对基层医院胸痛中心急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者PCI救治的影响

目的:探讨绕行急诊、直接呼叫120能否缩短基层医院胸痛中心急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊PCI的再灌注时间及改善短期预后。方法:回顾性分析自2016年11月至2018年12月邳州市人民医院胸痛中心连续收治的行急诊PCI治疗并符合入组标准的STEMI患者共405例,分为绕行急诊组198例(包括直接呼叫120转运组95例和网络医院转诊组105例)和非绕行急诊组207例,对比分析两组之间一般资料;PCI相关情况;救治质量指标:1.基线及24小时CKMB、cTnI、BNP、hs-CRP、PCT,2.术后30 min及发病24小时ST段回落率,3.术后1周心脏超声LVEF、LVDd,4.术后1周心率变异性时域指标SDNN,5.住院期间MACE事件及总MACE事件发生率,6.住院期间出血并发症,7.住院天数;救治时间指标:S2B时间、S2FMC时间、FMC2ECG时间、FMC2DAPT时间、FMC2B时间、FMC2B达标率、D2B时间、D2B达标率,并进一步对绕行急诊组进行亚组分析,对比分析直接呼叫120组及网络医院转诊组的相关指标。结果:1.绕行急诊组与非绕行急诊组相比,mini-GRACE评分较低,术中再灌注心律失常比例较高,24小时CKMB、cTnI、BNP、hs-CRP、PCT较低,术后30 min及24小时ST段回落率较高,术后1周LVEF较高、LVDd较小,术后1周SDNN较高,住院期间心力衰竭及总MACE事件发生率较低,S2B时间、FMC2ECG时间、FMC2DAPT时间、FMC2B时间、D2B时间较短,FMC2B达标率、D2B达标率高,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。2.直接呼叫120组与网络医院转诊组相比,24小时CKMB、cTnI、BNP、hs-CRP、PCT较低,术后1周LVEF较高、LVDd较小,术后1周SDNN较高,住院期间心力衰竭及总MACE事件发生率较低,S2B时间、FM2B时间较短,FMC2B达标率较高,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:绕行急诊和直接呼叫120能缩短基层医院胸痛中心STEMI患者急诊PCI的救治时间,并能改善预后,对本地区及其他基层医院STEMI救治的规范化建设具有一定参考意义。     

经血栓抽吸导管应用替罗非班及硝普钠对急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊PCI治疗效果的影响

目的:探讨经血栓抽吸导管应用替罗非班及硝普钠对急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗效果的影响。方法:选取2013年5月～2018年5月期间我院收治的急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者80例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组(n=40,血栓抽吸术后行PCI治疗)和研究组(n=40,血栓抽吸术后,经导管注入替罗非班及硝普钠后再行PCI治疗),比较两组患者心电图ST段回落变化、心肌梗死溶栓治疗(TIMI)血流分级情况、心功能指标及不良心血管事件发生率。结果:研究组完全回落发生率高于对照组(P0.05);两组部分回落、无回落发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组PCI术后TIMI血流分级为3级的例数少于研究组(P0.05)。两组患者术后7 d左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05);左室射血分数(LVEF)升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。术后6个月内研究组不良心血管事件总发生率为7.50%(3/40),低于对照组的25.00%(10/40)(P0.05)。结论:急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经血栓抽吸导管应用替罗非班及硝普钠后行PCI,可提高心功能、心肌灌注状态及心电图ST段完全回落率,并减少不良心血管事件的发生率。     

SPECT心肌灌注显像对急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后疗效评估

目的:探讨用单光子发射型计算机断层(single photon emission computedtomography,SPECT)心肌灌注显像,评估心肌梗死(AMI)经冠脉介入治疗(PCI)后的心肌灌注疗效。方法:采用99mTc-tetrofosmin(P53)SPECT心肌灌注显像对54例行PCI治疗的AMI患者评估心肌灌注情况,并追踪记录6个月内心脏事件发生率。结果:SPECT显示无复流组22例,有复流组32例,两组心肌梗死患者近期预后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。无复流组不良事件发生率较有复流组有增加趋势;另外,急诊PCI组的预后明显好于择期PCI组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:SPECT心肌灌注显像可对AMI患者梗死相关血管(IRA)再通治疗疗效进行可靠的无创性评价。     

高龄STEMI患者PCI术中应用尼可地尔的作用

为了探讨尼可地尔配合经皮冠介入治疗(PCI)手术在高龄急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)治疗中的应用价值,本研究选取2016年2月至2017年7月在本院治疗的高龄STEMI患者89例,采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为观察组(n=46)和对照组(n=43),观察组给予尼可地尔配合PCI手术治疗,对照组仅给予PCI治疗,观察两组术后TIMI血流分级、校正的TIMI帧数(CTFC)等指标。观察组术后TIMI血流3级比例为89.13%,明显高于对照组(p0.05),术后CTFC为(23.19±7.33)帧,明显低于对照组(p0.05);观察组术后左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)和左室收缩末内径(LVESD)分别为(47.21±5.83) mm和(27.36±4.81) mm,明显低于对照组(p0.05),而左心室射血分数(LVEF)为(70.03±7.83)%,明显高于对照组(p0.05);观察组术后N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)及肌钙蛋白I (cTnI)分别为(610.40±103.22) ng/L、(201.33±38.20) U/L和(2.81±0.93) g/L,明显低于对照组(p0.05);观察组和对照组术后ST段完全回落率和主要心血管不良(MACE)事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义(p0.05)。本研究表明,尼可地尔配合PCI手术治疗高龄STEMI患者,能有效改善患者心肌血流灌注水平和心功能,值得临床使用。     

比索洛尔干预对于ACS患者急诊PCI术后QRS-T夹角改变及其临床意义研究

目的:探讨比索洛尔干预对于急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术后QRS-T转角改变及其临床意义。方法:连续纳入100例ACS患者,急诊PCI术开通罪犯血管,术后分为比索洛尔组和常规治疗组。另选50名年龄相似,非冠心病志愿者作为对照组。观察术前和术后额面QRS-T夹角情况与术后1年主要心脏不良事件(major adverse cardiovascular events,MACE)发生率的相关性。结果:ACS患者PCI术前额面QRS-T夹角均明显高于对照组(F=4.528,P=0.033)。在急诊PCI后第三天可见比索洛尔组ACS患者额面QRS-T夹角明显回落(74.9±11.2°vs.50.3±15.2°,P0.05)。比索洛尔治疗与ACS患者急诊PCI术后额面QRS-T夹角改变(r=0.783,P=0.013)成正相关,而与MACE发生率(r=-0.512,P=0.034)存在负相关。ACS患者急诊PCI术后使用早期加用比索洛尔治疗后可以使MACE发生风险降低23%(P=0.012)、△额面QRS-T夹角(每增加1°)使MACE风险降低8%(P=0.041),而Gensini评分(每增加1分)使MACE发生风险升高32%(P=0.035)。结论:ACS患者PCI术后早期应用比索洛尔治疗可以促进额面QRS-T夹角水平回落。额面QRS-T夹角回落幅度与MACE的发生相关。     

脑利钠肽后处理对兔急性心肌梗死的保护作用

目的：脑利钠肽后处理对兔急性心肌梗死的保护作用及可能机制。方法：30 只兔随机分为3 组,每组10 只,左冠状动脉的左 室支缺血30 分钟,再灌注120 分钟。AMI（急性心肌梗死）组：再灌注期间静脉滴注生理盐水;BNP（脑利钠肽）组：再灌注期间静脉 滴注rhBNP(重组人脑利钠肽);BNP+GLY（脑利钠肽+格列苯脲）组：再灌注期间静脉滴注rhBNP,同时舌下静脉注射GLY 。连续 监测心电变化,统计再灌注120 min 室性心动过速(VT)、心室颤动(VF)的发生率。心肌再灌注120 min 后,分别测定SOD(超氧化 物歧化酶)、MDA（丙二醛）、cTnI（肌钙蛋白I）、CK-MB（肌酸激酶同工酶）。各组随机抽取2 只兔,分别于再灌注1 小时和2 小时末 取心尖组织,HE 染色。结果：（1）再灌注心律失常：BNP 组与AMI组比较,VT 和VF发生率均明显升高（均为P<0.01）;BNP+GLY 组与BNP 组比较,VT 和VF 发生率均明显升高（均为P<0.01）。（2）SOD、MDA、cTnI 和CK-MB 水平：BNP 组与AMI 组比较, MDA、cTnI 和CK-MB 均明显降低（均为P<0.01）,而SOD 明显升高（P<0.01）;BNP+GLY 组与BNP 组比较,MDA、cTnI 和 CK-MB 均明显升高（分别为P<0.01,P<0.05和P<0.01）,而SOD明显降低（P<0.01）。（3）心肌HE 染色：AMI组和BNP+GLY 组心 肌损伤明显,BNP 组心肌损伤轻微。结论：脑利钠肽后处理对兔急性心肌梗死（缺血- 再灌注损伤）具有保护作用,可能与KATP 通道相关。     

替格瑞洛对急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗效果及血清CRP,cTnI,CK-MB水平的影响

目的:探讨替格瑞洛对急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的效果及血清hs-CRP、cTnI、CK-MB水平与血小板功能的影响。方法:选择2015年7月至2016年7月我院接诊的86例急性心肌梗死患者,采取随机数表法分作观察组(n=43)与对照组(n=43)。对照组使用氯吡格雷治疗,观察组使用替格瑞洛治疗。比较两组心肌灌注分级(TMPG分级)、心肌梗塞溶栓治疗分级(TIMI分级)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌酸磷化脢-同功脢MB(CK-MB)、血小板聚集率和不良心血管事件的发生率。结果:治疗后,观察组TMPG和TIMI分级均高于对照组(P0.05);观察组CRP、cTnI和CK-MB水平均低于对照组(P0.05);观察组血小板聚集率低于对照组(P0.05);观察组不良心血管事件发生率低于对照组(P0.05);观察组临床总有效率高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:替格瑞洛能够有效改善急性心肌梗死行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的患者冠脉血流灌注,降低血清CRP,cTnI和CK-MB水平,抑制血小板聚集,安全性较高,值得临床推广应用。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.