左乙拉西坦治疗癫痫患儿的临床疗效及对免疫功能的影响

目的:探究左乙拉西坦对癫痫患儿的临床疗效以及对其免疫功能的影响。方法:选择2014年10月-2015年11月我院收治的癫痫患儿133例为研究对象,随机给予66例患者左乙拉西坦治疗,给予67例患者托吡酯治疗,两组均持续治疗3个月。检测两组治疗前后淋巴细胞亚群水平(CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+)、血清免疫球蛋白水平(IgA、IgM、IgG),观察分析两组临床疗效及在治疗过程中出现的不良反应。结果:左乙拉西坦组总有效率为93.94%,托吡酯组为89.55%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后左两组血清IgA、IgG、CD8~+水平均较治疗前降低(P0.05),且左乙拉西坦组显著低于托吡酯组(P0.05),而两组CD3~+、CD4~+、D4~+/CD8~+水平均明显上升(P0.05),且左乙拉西坦组显著高于托吡酯组(P0.05)。左乙拉西坦组总不良反应发生率为10.61%,显著低于托吡酯组的17.91%(P0.05)。结论:左乙拉西坦能够有效控制癫痫患儿的临床症状,用药安全可靠,同时能够有效改善患儿的免疫功能,值得在临床上推广使用。     

左乙拉西坦对小儿癫痫合并智力低下治疗的影响

为了探讨左乙拉西坦对小儿癫痫合并智力低下患儿治疗的临床效果,现选取本院小儿癫痫合并智力低下患者140例,分为试验组与对照组,其中试验组给予常规治疗结合左乙拉西坦联合治疗,对照组只接受常规治疗。通过比较治疗前后患儿癫痫临床发作情况、智力改善情况及不良反应等,评价其治疗效果及安全性。本研究发现,治疗后试验组的临床疗效、智力发育指数(MDI)均明显高于对照组(p<0.05);癫痫发作频率明显低于对照组(p<0.05);且两组均无明显的不良反应。研究表明,左乙拉西坦能够明显改善小儿癫痫合并智力低下的患病程度,具有良好的治疗效果及安全性。     

托吡酯联合左乙拉西坦对难治性癫痫患儿脑电活动、免疫球蛋白和生活质量的影响

目的:探讨托吡酯联合左乙拉西坦对难治性癫痫患儿脑电活动、免疫球蛋白和生活质量的影响。方法:选取2014年5月～2019年5月期间我院收治的80例难治性癫痫患儿,按照随机数字表法将患儿分为研究组(n=40)、对照组(n=40),均予原抗癫痫药物治疗方案,并积极预防并发症,在此基础上,对照组患儿给予托吡酯治疗,研究组在对照组的基础上联合左乙拉西坦治疗,比较两组患儿疗效、脑电活动、免疫球蛋白水平、不良反应、生活质量。结果:研究组治疗3个月后的临床总有效率为90.00%(36/40),高于对照组的70.00%(28/40)(P0.05)。两组患儿治疗3个月后癫痫样放电量、α波、β波、θ波、δ波数量均下降,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患儿治疗3个月后免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)、免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)水平均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05);两组患儿治疗3个月后免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)水平未见显著变化,且组间比较无差异(P0.05)。两组患儿治疗3个月后发作担忧、社会功能、情绪、精力等评分均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率对比未见统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:难治性癫痫患儿经托吡酯联合左乙拉西坦治疗后,患儿脑电活动得到有效控制,患儿免疫功能及生活质量均得到有效改善,用药安全性较好,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

左乙拉西坦对癫痫患者认知功能及情绪影响的临床研究

目的:探讨左乙拉西坦对癫痫患者认知功能及情绪的临床影响。方法:选择同期癫痫患者60例,随机均分为对照组(n=30例)和观察组(n=30例),对照组患者给予丙戊酸钠治疗,观察组患者给予左乙拉西坦治疗,治疗第4w、8w、12w、16w比较两组患者蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、神经电生理P300电位检查、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)情况。结果:两组患者治疗第4w、第8w、第12w和第16w的MoCA评分和P300电位潜伏期时长比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组显著优于对照组;治疗第12w和第16w的SAS评分和SDS评分比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),对照组显著优于观察组。结论:在癫痫患者的药物治疗过程中,左乙拉西坦对患者认知功能的改善优于丙戊酸钠,但对情绪的负性影响较丙戊酸钠明显。     

血清BDNF、IGF-1及Hcy与癫痫患者认知功能损害关系研究

为探讨血清脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、胰岛素样生长因子-1 (IGF-1)及同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与癫痫患者认知功能损害(MCI)的关系,本研究选取2015年1月至2016年10月由本院收治并确诊的癫痫患者116例,根据患者是否发生轻度认知障碍(MCI),将患者分为MCI组50例、非MCI组66例,选取健康体检对象60例作为对照组,检测各组血清BDNF、IGF-1、Hcy水平,并采用韦氏成人智力量表中国修订本(WAIS-RC)对三组患者进行测量,并分析血清BDNF、IGF-1、Hcy与WAIS-RC量表评分的关系。结果显示,与非MCI组和对照组比较,MCI组患者的血清Hcy水平明显升高(p0.05),MCI组患者的血清BDNF、IGF-1水平明显降低(p0.05);非MCI组患者的血清Hcy水平明显高于对照组(p0.05),非MCI组患者的血清BDNF、IGF-1水平明显低于对照组(p0.05);MCI组患者的VIQ、PIQ、FIQ量表评分明显低于非MCI组和对照组(p0.05);非MCI组患者的VIQ、PIQ、FIQ量表评分与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(p0.05);MCI组患者的VIQ、PIQ、FIQ量表评分与血清BDNF、IGF-1水平呈显著的正相关关系(p0.05);MCI组患者的VIQ、PIQ、FIQ量表评分与血清Hcy水平呈显著的负相关关系(p0.05)。本研究发现癫痫患者MCI血清BDNF、IGF-1水平显著降低、Hcy显著升高,说明血清BDNF、IGF-1和Hcy水平与患者MCI程度有一定的相关性。     

托吡酯与苯巴比妥对小儿癫痫患儿发作次数及痫样放电的影响对比

目的:研究托吡酯(topiramate,TPM)与苯巴比妥(phenobarbital,PB)对小儿癫痫(Epilepsy)患儿发作次数及痫样放电的影响。方法:将我院2010年8月至2013年8月入院接受诊治的200例癫痫患儿作为观察对象,随机分成两组。观察组采用TPM治疗,对照组采用PB治疗。对比两组患儿治疗前以及治疗后3个月癫痫发作次数、疗效以及不良反应情况。结果:观察组部分性发作减少次数、全身性发作减少次数及总发作减少次数,均显著高于对照组;观察组治愈率、愈显率、总有效率,均显著高于对照组;观察组不良反应情况显著少于对照组;差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:与PB相比,TPM治疗小儿癫痫疗效更佳,且不良反应更少,值得临床推荐。     

羚羊角胶囊联合拉莫三嗪治疗小儿癫痫的临床研究

摘要 目的：观察羚羊角胶囊联合拉莫三嗪治疗小儿癫痫的治疗效果。方法：选取2018年1月~2021年1月期间来东营市人民医院就诊的小儿癫痫患儿100例,按照信封抽签法分为对照组（拉莫三嗪治疗）和研究组（羚羊角胶囊联合拉莫三嗪治疗）,各为50例,连续治疗12周。对比两组疗效,癫痫症状、自控能力、认知功能改善情况以及炎症因子和神经损伤指标变化,记录治疗不良反应。结果：与对照组76.00%的临床总有效率相比,研究组的94.00%明显更高（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后癫痫发作次数少于对照组,平均症状持续时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后操作智商（PIQ）、言语智商（VIQ）和全智商（FIQ）评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、信号素3A（SEM3A）、白介素-2（IL-2）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患儿不良反应发生率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：羚羊角胶囊联合拉莫三嗪治疗小儿癫痫,可提高患儿认知功能和自控能力,调节NSE、IL-2、S-100β、TNF-α水平,促进症状改善。     

丙戊酸钠联合奥卡西平治疗小儿癫痫的疗效及对患儿脑电图、认知功能和血清神经因子的影响

摘要 目的：评价丙戊酸钠联合奥卡西平治疗小儿癫痫的疗效及对患儿脑电图、认知功能和血清神经因子的影响。方法：选入2019年1月~2022年12月收治的癫痫患儿104例,根据治疗方法不同分为单药组（丙戊酸钠治疗）和联合组（丙戊酸钠+奥卡西平治疗）,各52例。评价两组的临床疗效、脑电图、认知功能、血清神经因子等指标,并进行统计比较。结果：联合组治疗后癫痫发作频率及每次持续时间显著低于单药组（P<0.05）,EEG显示痫样放电率、总异常亦明显低于单药组（P＜0.05）;联合组治疗总有效率94.23%,明显高于单药组的71.15%（P<0.05）;两组治疗后WISC-CR量表VIQ、PIQ和FIQ评分均较治疗前明显升高（P<0.05）,而联合组升高幅度更大,与单药组差异显著（P<0.05）;治疗前,两组血清BDNF、NSE和S-100β蛋白无明显差异（P＞0.05）,而治疗后,联合组血清BDNF水平明显高于单药组、NSE和S-100β水平显著低于单药组（P＜0.05）;两组不良反应总发生率无差异（P＞0.05）。结论：丙戊酸钠联合奥卡西平治疗小儿癫痫疗效较好,可有效缓解临床症状,控制脑部异常放电,改善认知功能,调节血清神经因子水平,且安全性良好。     

维生素E与左乙拉西坦对癫痫患者的临床疗效及血浆T-Aoc，MDA水平的影响

目的:探讨维生素E(VE)辅助左乙拉西坦(LEV)治疗癫痫的临床疗效及对患者血浆总抗氧化能力(T-Aoc)、丙二醛(MDA)水平的影响。方法:选取我院2013年6月~2015年9月收治的134例癫痫患者,随机分为两组。对照组予LEV治疗,观察组在此基础上给予VE治疗。记录比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后脑电图背景活动,血浆T-Aoc、MDA水平;并评价两组用药的安全性。结果:观察组总有效率为88.1%,较对照组(74.6%)明显升高(P0.05)。与治疗前相比,两组治疗后脑电图指标δ、θ波频率均明显增快(P0.05);α波频率均明显减慢(P0.05),且观察组治疗后脑电图指标改善效果均明显优于同期对照组(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,观察组血浆T-Aoc水平显著升高、MDA水平显著降低(P0.01),而对照组血浆T-Aoc水平有所上升、MDA水平略有下降,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为10.4%,与对照组(7.5%)相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:VE辅助LEV治疗癫痫能更有效降低发作频率,改善脑电图背景活动,平衡机体氧化/抗氧化系统,且安全性高。     

匹多莫德联合布地奈德雾化吸入对支气管哮喘患儿IL-4，IFN-γ，免疫球蛋白及T细胞亚群的影响

目的:探讨匹多莫德联合布地奈德雾化吸入对支气管哮喘患儿白细胞介素(IL)-4、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、免疫球蛋白及T细胞亚群的影响。方法:选取2015年6月至2016年6月我院收治的支气管哮喘患儿92例作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组吸入布地奈德混悬液治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联用匹多莫德口服液,检测并比较两组患儿治疗前后血清IL-4、IFN-γ、IgA、IgG、IgM以及CD~(3+)、CD~(4+)、CD~(8+)、CD~(4+)/CD~(8+)的变化。结果:治疗前,观察组与对照组的IL-4、IFN-γ、IgA、IgG、Ig M及CD~(3+)、CD~(4+)、CD~(8+)、CD~(4+)/CD~(8+)均无统计学差异(P0.05);与治疗前相比,观察组治疗后IL-4水平显著降低,IFN-γ、IgA、IgG、IgM水平、CD~(3+)、CD~(4+)、CD~(4+)/CD~(8+)水平均显著升高,差异均有统计学(P0.05);而对照组治疗后的IFN-γ、IgA、IgG、IgM、CD~(3+)、CD~(4+)、CD~(8+)、CD~(4+)/CD~(8+)水平与治疗前比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),仅IL-4水平显著降低(P0.05)。治疗后,观察组的IL-4、IFN-γ、IgA、IgG、IgM、CD~(3+)、CD~(4+)、CD~(8+)、CD~(4+)/CD~(8+)水平均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与单独使用布地奈德相比,匹多莫德联合布地奈德可更加显著提高支气管哮喘患儿的调节免疫功能。     

Anthropology and genetics of the caucasus peoples and the problem of the origin of the caucasoids

The electrophoretical polymorphisms of some blood proteins were studied in the Talysh population of Pirasora situated in South-East Azerbaidjan. We calculated the gene frequencies of these polymorphisms and determined the genetic distances between the Talyshes and some Iranian populations of North, Central and South Iran, Afghans, and three populations of Azerbaijan. The Talyshes are very close to Iranians of Shiraz, whereas they are distant from the Azerbaijanians. Anthropological investigations showed that the Caucasoids and Mongoloids lived in the Aragvi Basin since the Eneolithic period. This was stated by Alexeev (1974), who emphasized the mixture of the Caucasus populations from ancient times on. We calculated the genetic distances between the Caucasus populations and numerous populations of other geographic regions, considering 28 alleles of 12 loci of blood group, serum protein and red cell enzyme polymorphisms and constructed the dendrogram of these populations. The position of the Caucasus populations in the dendrogram corresponds on principle to the earlier anthropological observations. The clustering of the Caucasoid populations corresponds completely with anthropological and historical data, and supports our earlier hypothesis (Nazarova 1999) concerning the differentiation of Caucasoids, Northern Mongoloids and Amerinds from the populations, which inhabitated Asia in palaeolithic times.     

Serology and systematics of the Ebenales and the Theales

The systematic position ofthe Ebenaceae, Sapotaceae, Styracaceae, Ochnaceae, Stachyuraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae has been investigated using serological comparisons of sets of antigenic determinants. The results show that the Sytracaceae and Sapotaceae are undoubtedly more closely associated with the Actinidiaeceae and Theaceae, respectively, than with each other. We found no corresponding determinants betnween antigen systems from the Ebenaceae and systems from any other family whose relations to this family have been proposed. As discovered previously, investigations of antigen systems from the Ochnaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Stachyuraceae, Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae are against the idea of a natural order “Theales” in which these families, or at least some of them, are combined with the Theaceae and Actinidiaceae. This paper completes our previous investigations which largely support a superorder Ericanae sensu Ehrendorfer and Takhtajan. We propose to include the Actinidiaceae and Theaceae in this superorder, assigning them a central position laong with the Sapotaceae and Sytracaeae on one side and the Primulales and Ericales on the other. Another most interesting finding is that there are corresponding determinants between antigen systems from the members of the Ericanae and representatives of the Polemoniaceae and Loasaceae.     

On the structure and dynamics of the complex of the nucleosome and the linker histone

Several different models of the linker histone (LH)–nucleosome complex have been proposed, but none of them has unambiguously revealed the position and binding sites of the LH on the nucleosome. Using Brownian dynamics-based docking together with normal mode analysis of the nucleosome to account for the flexibility of two flanking 10 bp long linker DNAs (L-DNA), we identified binding modes of the H5-LH globular domain (GH5) to the nucleosome. For a wide range of nucleosomal conformations with the L-DNA ends less than 65 Å apart, one dominant binding mode was identified for GH5 and found to be consistent with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments. GH5 binds asymmetrically with respect to the nucleosomal dyad axis, fitting between the nucleosomal DNA and one of the L-DNAs. For greater distances between L-DNA ends, docking of GH5 to the L-DNA that is more restrained and less open becomes favored. These results suggest a selection mechanism by which GH5 preferentially binds one of the L-DNAs and thereby affects DNA dynamics and accessibility and contributes to formation of a particular chromatin fiber structure. The two binding modes identified would, respectively, favor a tight zigzag chromatin structure or a loose solenoid chromatin fiber.     

人类基因组及后基因组研究进展及其应用与开发研究现状

人类对自身基因组的研究,随着人类基因组工作草图的绘制完成和对基因功能研究的深入已加快进入了实质性、关键性的开发利用阶段。本文概述了人类基因组及后基因组的研究进展及依此开展基因治疗及基因（组）药物研制等应用开发研究的现状。     

Kinematics and dynamics of the temporomandibular joint and of the movements of the mandible

In order to analyze the complicated movements of the mandible as the open-closing movement and the protrusio are, it is useful to evaluate the basic kinematic principles and reduce them to simple technical constructions. Both the open-closing movement and the protrusio could be reduced to 4-bar links, which were used to simulate the movements with help of a computer. Besides, the polodes and the curves of points in the muscular attachments could be constructed. The 2 entirely different 4-bar links have 3 things in common: The resting system - cranium, the moving system - mandibula, and 1 of the 2 arms connecting these 2 systems - the ligamentum laterale. As this ligament is taut during movements it can be considered a "guiding ligament" representing 1 of the 3 determining components of the mandibular movements. The other of the 2 arms has no anatomical equivalent; this arm, however, is "replaced" by the 2 other determining components of the mandibular movements: the joint and the muscles. The curves, which the Caput mandibulae describes, are practically identical for the open-closing movement and the protrusio despite of the different 4-bar links and these curves exactly correspond to the Discus articularis, taut by the upper part of the M. pterygoideus lateralis. The muscles do not only just move the mandibula, but they are also the component, which can choose between the different mandibular movements. By means of the curves, which points in the muscular attachments describe, the function of the masticatory muscles could be analyzed exactly.     

Biophysics and Structure of the Patch and the Gigaseal

Interpreting channel behavior in patches requires an understanding of patch structure and dynamics, especially in studies of mechanosensitive channels. High resolution optical studies show that patch formation occurs via blebbing that disrupts normal membrane structure and redistributes in situ components including ion channels. There is a 1-2 μm region of the seal below the patch where proteins are excluded and this may consist of extracted lipids that form the gigaseal. Patch domes often have complex geometries with inhomogeneous stresses due to the membrane-glass adhesion energy (E_a), cytoskeletal forces, and possible lipid subdomains. The resting tension in the patch dome ranges from 1-4 mN/m, a significant fraction of the lytic tension of a bilayer (∼10 mN/m). Thus, all patch experiments are conducted under substantial, and uneven, resting tension that may alter the kinetics of many channels. E_a seems dominated by van der Waals attraction overlaid with a normally repulsive Coulombic force. High ionic strength pipette saline increased E_a and, surprisingly, increased cytoskeletal rigidity in cell-attached patches. Low pH pipette saline also increased E_a and reduced the seal selectivity for cations, presumably by neutralizing the membrane surface charge. The seal is a negatively charged, cation selective, space with a resistance of ∼7 gigohm/μm in 100 mM KCl, and the high resistivity of the space may result from the presence of high viscosity glycoproteins. Patches creep up the pipette over time with voltage independent and voltage dependent components. Voltage-independent creep is expected from the capillary attraction of E_a and the flow of fresh lipids from the cell. Voltage-dependent creep seems to arise from electroosmosis in the seal. Neutralization of negative charges on the seal membrane with low pH decreased the creep rate and reversed the direction of creep at positive pipette potentials.     

The efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in the caesarean section and the effect on the vital signs and the hemodynamics of the lying-in women

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in caesarean section and vital signs and the hemodynamics of the lying-in women.MethodsA total of 480 lying-in women who were admitted to this hospital for treatment between December 2017 and June 2018 were enrolled into this study as the subjects, which were divided into the experiment group and the control group, with 240 subjects in each group. In the experiment group, subjects received the local anesthesia by infusion of 1.5 mL ropivacaine (0.75%), while those in the control group also took the local anesthesia by infusion of 1.5 mL bupivacaine (0.75%). Thereafter, we observed the differences in the anesthetic efficiency, vital signs and hemodynamics of the lying-in women between two groups.ResultsThe excellent and good rates of the anesthesia in two groups were 92.1% and 87.9%, showing no obvious difference; in the experiment group, the average arterial pressures and systolic pressures at 5 min and 10 min after combined spinal and epidural analgesia (CSEA) were all elevated when comparing to the control group (all P < 0.05); in the experiment group, the onset time was obviously extended, while duration of sensory and motor block and the duration of motor block were all shorter than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). During anesthesia, the incidence rate of the adverse reactions in the control group was 2.50%, significantly higher than 0.83% in the experiment group (P < 0.05).ConclusionDespite that ropivacaine and bupivacaine are efficient in anesthesia in the CSEA in the caesarean section, ropivacaine is more recommended for little influence on the hemodynamics, shorter duration of sensory block and motor block and low incidence rate of adverse reactions, which are conducive to the recovery and also safe to the patients.