HPV16/18 E6蛋白与小分子抑制剂RITA和姜黄素的结合模式研究

持续感染高危型人乳头瘤病毒(human papilloma virus, HPV)会导致宫颈上皮细胞的细胞周期发生变化和免疫逃逸,最终导致宫颈癌。高危型HPV病毒的E6蛋白对抑癌蛋白p53的泛素化降解可被小分子化合物RITA (reactivation of p53 and induction of tumor cell apoptosis)和姜黄素抑制,使HPV阳性细胞被抑制的凋亡功能得以恢复,但这一现象的分子机制尚未得到阐释。本文选择HPV16和HPV18两种高危亚型,采用同源建模、分子对接和分子动力学模拟等方法,对其E6蛋白与RITA和姜黄素的结合模式进行研究。结果显示,在HPV16/18 E6蛋白41～49残基形成的疏水沟槽, RITA和姜黄素具有一致的构象和相似的结合模式,组成疏水沟槽的苯丙氨酸残基和小分子抑制剂的芳环通过疏水作用和π-π相互作用在维持复合物构象中起重要作用。这一结果表明高危型HPV E6蛋白具有作为药物靶点的可行性,为宫颈癌特异性小分子治疗药物的研究和设计提供了理论指导。     

液相芯片技术在HPV血清检测中的初步应用

目的:建立一种高效的HPV病毒血清学检测方法.方法:重组质粒表达HPV16/18 E6和E7蛋白,同微球偶联后作为抗原,应用Luminex系统检测宫颈癌患者血清中的相应抗体.结果:57.4%宫颈癌患者血清至少检测到HPV16 E6、E7和HPV18 E6、E7蛋白抗体中1种,36.1%的血清检测到HPV16 E6和E7蛋白抗体中1种,31.9%的血清检测到HPV18 E6和E7蛋白抗体中1种.结论:基于GST重组HPV蛋白的液相芯片技术可进一步应用于患者血清HPV抗体的检测中.     

免疫印记法检测宫颈脱落细胞中HPV16/18 E6蛋白的意义

目的用免疫印记法检测宫颈脱落细胞中人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）16/18型E6蛋白的表达,从而为探求一种简捷、无创的诊断宫颈癌及其癌前病变的新方法提供理论依据。方法采用免疫印记法（Western blot）检测112例宫颈脱落细胞标本中HPV16/18 E6蛋白的表达,并以导流杂交检测标本中HPV DNA作为对照。结果在宫颈癌组和CINII/Ⅲ组,HPV16/18 E6蛋白的表达水平（75%、67.5%）明显高于正常对照组（5%）,P（0.05;而CINI组（31.5%）与正常对照组比较,HPV16/18 E6蛋白表达的差异无统计学意义,P=0.05。结论宫颈脱落细胞中HPV16/18 E6蛋白的过度表达与宫颈癌及CINII/Ⅲ的发生密切相关;利用免疫印记法检测脱落细胞中HPV16/18 E6蛋白对宫颈鳞癌及CINII/Ⅲ的诊断及无创性筛查具有重大意义。     

HPV16 E6对HeLa细胞中Rap1GAP蛋白水平下调的研究

目的探讨HPV16E6对细胞中Rap1GAP蛋白水平的影响,为阐明宫颈癌发生发展的分子机制提供实验依据。本研究组前期实验显示,宫颈癌石蜡切片组织中Rap1GAP蛋白水平下降,且与高危型HPV16/18感染相关。本文将进一步探讨HPV16 E6是否导致Rap1GAP蛋白下调的原因。方法通过将HPV16 E6基因插入pGEX-KG的BamHI和Hind Ⅲ酶切位点构建GST标记的HPVE6质粒,采用脂质体转染法将其转染入HeLa细胞中,Westernblot方法观察GST-tagged-HPV16 E6在HeLa细胞中的表达,并观察其对HeLa细胞中内源性Rap1GAP蛋白水平的影响。结果测序表明成功构建GST标记的HPV16E6质粒;Western blot检测表明HPV16E6在HeLa细胞中成功表达;并且发现HeLa细胞中过表达HPV16 E6后,Rap1GAP蛋白相对含量(0.602±0.205)明显低于未转染组(1.130±0.163),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论HPV16 E6下调Rap1GAP蛋白水平。     

宫颈癌组织中人乳头瘤病毒16型E5基因的变异

探讨了HPV16 E5基因突变与宫颈癌发病的关系.应用银染聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)分析对50份人宫颈癌活检标本进行基因突变的筛查.PCR检测显示,50例宫颈癌组织中HPV16 E5的检出率为30%(15/50),其中6例宫颈癌HPV16 E5扩增片段在行SSCP分析时发现有泳动变位,突变率为40%(6/15).可见HPV16 E5基因的突变在宫颈癌的发生过程中具有重要作用.     

HPV基因的进化分析

目的:HPV有许多类型,其大致可分为高危型和低危型,高危型HPV感染是导致宫颈癌发生的首要原因,在HPV基因组中,E6基因是促进宫颈细胞癌变的关键基因,本文主要研究HPV中的E6基因在各种不同型别的HPV中的进化关系,并对E2基因碱基替换率进行分析,探讨高危型HPV与低危型HPV的区别.方法:本文对不同类型HPV E6氨基酸序列构建系统发生树,探讨识别高危型HPV可能的一致序列,对E6基因其中一处能导致恶性程度增加的突变进行分析.并对HPV16与其位于同一颗树的HPV35和HPV31计算相对碱基替换率.结果:高危型HPV均源自同一株病毒株的进化.各种HPV型别中,高危型HPV E6蛋白对应于HPV16E6蛋白的第83位氨基酸为缬氨酸更为保守,HPV中除E2以外的其他基因的非同义替换率均小于同义替换率.结论:HPV E6蛋白对应于HPV16E6蛋白的第83位氨基酸为缬氨酸能更好地实现HPV E6蛋白的致癌作用.HPV基因中除E2以外的基因在进化过程中都较为保守,是HPV增殖生长的关键基因,而E2部分区域非同义替换率大于同义替换率,说明E2这部分区域的突变能够更好的促进HPV的增殖和生长.     

HPV16(新疆株)E6在Pichia pastoris酵母中的分泌表达

目的：利用酵母Pichia pastoris真核蛋白表达在系统,表达HPV16（新疆株）E6（HPV16 XJ E6）蛋白。方法：根据HPV16 XJ E6基因序列设计引物,并分别在5′引物和3′引物中引入了EcorRI和XbaI酶切位点,经PCR扩增后与pMD18-T载体相连,再将HPV16 XJ E6从载体上切下并克隆至穿棱质粒pGAPZαA上,获得的重组穿棱质粒pGAPZαA-E6经线性化后,采用LiCl法将重组穿棱质粒转入酵母细胞内,Zeocin^ 筛选鉴定,经小瓶发酵后,取上清作SDSPAGE检测,结果：HPV16 XJ E6成功地在酵母真核表达系统获得表达,表达产物的分子量为20kD,为深入研究HPV16 XJ E6蛋白功能奠定了理论基础。     

HPV16 E6通过阻碍ING4对p53作用而抑制细胞凋亡的实验研究

通过HPV16 E6干扰ING4对p53作用的实验研究,探讨HPV16 E6新的致癌机制。采用转染及免疫共沉淀实验证明HPV16 E6阻碍ING4和p53结合及其诱导的p53蛋白乙酰化的作用;将表达p53、ING4和p53报告基因与HPV16 E6或其突变体的质粒共转染p53蛋白阴性的SaoS2细胞系,荧光素酶报告基因检测HPV16 E6抑制ING4对p53基因在转录水平的影响;并采用细胞集落形成实验检测HPV16 E6对ING4所诱导p53途径所致细胞凋亡的抑制。HPV16 E6阻碍ING4和p53结合及其诱导的p53蛋白Lys-382的乙酰化;HPV16 E6减弱ING4在转录水平对p53基因的调控,HPV16 E6抑制ING4诱导的p53途径介导的细胞凋亡,且所有这些作用不依赖p53蛋白的降解。HPV16 E6阻碍ING4对p53的作用而抑制细胞凋亡可能是其引起癌变的途径之一。     

HPV18 E7致癌蛋白的高效表达、纯化和鉴定

目的为进一步研究人乳头状瘤病毒18（Human papillomavirus18,HPV18）E7蛋白的结构与功能。方法构建HPV18 E7的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶融合蛋白质粒pGEX-6P-1-GST-HPV18 E7,重组质粒转入大肠埃希菌BL21进行可溶性融合蛋白的高效表达。结果柱上切除法去除GST标签,表达产物经glutathione Sepharose 4B亲和层析纯化,获得了SDS-PAGE和HPLC-ESI-MS纯度的HPV18 E7均质蛋白,非变性PAGE和凝胶过滤表明HPV18 E7以稳定的单体形式存在于水溶液中。高压液相色谱-电喷雾质谱（HPLC-ESI-MS）分析得到HPV18 E7精确分子量为12865．0 Da,与其理论值吻合。纯化蛋白经HPLC-ESI-MS／MS鉴定为目的产物,鉴定出的9个匹配肽段覆盖率为HPV18 E7整个氨基酸序列的96．5％。结论本文所建立的技术可以有效地大量制备HPV18 E7,为进一步研究其结构与功能和致癌机制奠定了重要的物质基础。     

表达人乳头瘤病毒16型E6/E7融合蛋白的非复制型重组痘苗病毒的构建及免疫效果观察

采用基因工程方法将HPV16E6、E7基因融合后插入痘苗病毒载体,通过同源重组构建表达人乳头瘤病毒16型E6/E7融合蛋白的非复制型重组痘苗病毒疫苗,用C57BL/6小鼠观察其免疫原性和抗肿瘤移植情况。测序结果表明融合的HPV16E6、E7基因序列与设计相符;构建的非复制型重组痘苗病毒经Dot blot鉴定,显示有E6、E7融合基因的插入;Western blot检测表明该重组病毒在鸡胚成纤维细胞中能表达HPV16型E6/E7融合蛋白。动物免疫试验表明,该重组病毒在小鼠体内可诱发E6、E7特异性抗体;被免疫小鼠能抵抗TC-1肿瘤细胞的攻击。此结果为将来进一步研制HPV16、18型联合疫苗打下了基础。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).