树鼩研究综述

树鼩是一种小型哺乳类,其皮张可以利用,特别是近代用于医学实验动物日益增多,对其研究亦相应增多,现将国内外有关研究作一综述供有关方面参考。1 分类树鼩(Tupaia)属攀鼩目(SCAN NDETIA)树鼩科(Tupaiidae),全世界有11种,主要     

树鼩神经肽Y的分子克隆及其灵长类类似物的同源性比较

树鼩由于与灵长类动物有较密切的亲缘关系和其个体小,以及繁殖周期短等特性而倍受关注,尤其是作为医用实验动物的研究,近年来已受到越来越多的重视,但树鼩的分类地位还一直有所争论。该研究从树鼩脑cDNA文库中克隆得到编码树鼩神经肽Y(neuropeptide Y,NPY)前体序列,序列比对发现该序列与灵长类NPY序列同源性高达96.9%。将该序列与GenBank数据库中其他物种的NPY序列构建系统进化树,发现树鼩与灵长类处于同一分支。该研究结果揭示了树鼩与灵长类较近的亲缘关系。     

宁夏兽类一属、种新纪录——淡灰豹鼩（Pantherina griselda Thomas，1912）

正淡灰豹鼩(Pantherina griselda)隶属于鼩形目(Soricomorpha)鼩鼱亚科(Soricinae)豹鼩属(Pantherina),其模式产地为中国甘肃省临潭县(Thomas,1912)。由于淡灰豹鼩整体形态与黑齿鼩鼱属(Blarinella)中的原甘肃川鼩(B.griselda)相似,且二者同域分布,曾被记录为黑齿鼩鼱属中的一个隐存种Blarinella sp.(Bannikova et al.,2017);He等     

树鼩的肤纹和牙齿

树鼩(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)是一种小型的热带、亚热带哺乳动物。在我国,主要分布于云南、海南岛、广西、四川西南部等地。目前对于树鼩的分类地位尚有争议,但由于在生理、生化方面与灵长类动物近似,已经越来越广泛地被国内外作为低级灵长类实验动物应用于医学和生物学研究。开展树鼩的系统研究工作,将有助于树鼩分类地位的探讨。本文对产自云南禄劝县、武定县、禄丰县和昆明市的部分树鼩标本的肤纹和牙齿进行了形态观察和测     

成年树鼩体重、身长和器官解剖正常值的分析

树鼩(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)属于低等灵长类,具有许多实验动物所不备的优点,所以它作为一种新型的实验动物已逐步得到人们的重视。但由于它进入实验室的历史不长,对它的生理状况需要更多的了解。1968年,阿尔     

短尾鼩江西省分布新纪录及其地理分布范围的探讨

<正>短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes Milne-Edwards,1872)隶属鼩形目(Soricomorpha)鼩鼱科(Soricidae)鼩鼱亚科(Soricinae)短尾鼩属,其模式产地为中国四川宝兴(Milne-Edwards,1872)。短尾鼩属的物种分布于亚洲中南部,共有4种,即A.assamensis、A.schmidi、A.squamipes和A.yamashinai(Wilson and Reeder,2005)。短尾鼩     

野生树鼩的人工饲养与繁殖研究初报

作为低等灵长类的树鼩(Tupaia belanzeri chinensis),近年来在医学上的应用日渐增多,并取得了较好的成果,从而为树鼩的开发利用开辟了广阔的前景。据知目前都是把野生树鼩直接用于各个实验,故对实验的结果势必会带来不同程度的影响,所以进行野生树鼩的人工饲养与繁殖研究十分必要。     

《树鼩的比较生物学和进化关系》评介

树鼩被认为是原始食虫类和灵长类间过渡类群的活化石,成长类起源问题的密码,它的亲缘关系使生物学家们感兴趣而迷惑。W.P.Lukket编的《树鼩的比较生物学和进化关系》(Comparativ Bio-logy and Evolutionary RelatonshIps of Treeshrews)一书是连续出版物《灵长类进展》的一卷,纽约Plenum出版社1980年出版,314页。十余位作者撰写的10篇独立论文各作1章。大别为5部分:系统学(第1章),头骨系统和牙系(第2-6章),神经系统(第7章),生殖系统(第8章)和分子进化(第9-10章)。作者们立足于从形态解剖到分子水平的生物学比较,从分支系统观点深入探讨树鼩科的系统分类和它与象鼩科、皮翼类、翼手类,尤其与灵长类的亲缘问题。     

树鼩(Tuapaia belangeri chinensis)的动脉

本文在对中国树鼩的动脉系作系统解剖的基础上,记述了树鼩动脉分支的主要特征。同时,还与其他有关种类作了比较研究。结果表明,中国树鼩动脉系的主要特征与树鼩科中的其他种类如笔尾树鼩、普通树鼩和地树鼩等的动脉系极为相似,而与灵长类中的猿猴类有较大差异。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.