山西省兽类一新纪录——川西缺齿鼩鼱

川西缺齿鼩鼱Chodsigoa hypsibia又称川西长尾鼩,隶属于鼩形目Soricomorpha鼩鼱科Soricidae缺齿鼩鼱属Chodsigoa,主要分布于我国中部和西南部(Smith & Xie,2008)。缺齿鼩鼱属全世界共有8种(Wilson & Reeder,2005),我国分布有7种(Wilson & Reeder,2005;Smith & Xie,2008)。相较于鼩鼱属Sorex和川鼩属Blarinella上颌有5枚单尖齿,     

鼩鼱科内6 个种的阴茎形态学

阴茎形态学特征是研究哺乳动物亲缘关系的有力工具,尤其是在近缘种之间。本试验选取鼩鼱科内的黑齿鼩鼱(Blarinella quadraticauda)、小纹背鼩鼱(Sorex bedfordiae)、大纹背鼩鼱(S. cylindricauda)、云南鼩鼱(S. excelsus)、四川短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes)和灰麝鼩(Crocidura attenuata)6 个种共31 号阴茎标本观察其阴茎形态学特征。研究结果表明:这6 个种的阴茎均缺乏阴茎骨;在6 个种的阴茎横切面上,尿道靠近阴茎腹侧面为阴茎海绵体包裹,没有单独的尿道海绵体存在,输精管由阴茎海绵体包裹,在阴茎末端形成两条输精管侧支;黑齿鼩鼱的阴茎具有独特的舌状结构,可作为鉴定黑齿鼩鼱的一个重要特征,鼩鼱属内的小纹背鼩鼱、大纹背鼩鼱和云南鼩鼱的阴茎头界限很难观察到,而黑齿鼩鼱、四川短尾鼩和灰麝鼩的阴茎头则具有明显的界限。     

宁夏兽类两新纪录——川西缺齿鼩和小纹背鼩鼱

<正>川西缺齿鼩(Chodsigoa hypsibia)(De Winton andStyan,1899)和小纹背鼩鼱(Sorexbedfordiae)(Thomas, 1911)同属于劳亚食虫目(Eulipotyphla)鼩鼱科(Soricidae)。缺齿鼩鼱属(Chodsigoa,Kastschenko, 1907)全世界目前已知10个物种(Wilson and Mittermeier, 2018; Chen et al., 2022)，其中川西缺齿鼩为中国特有，     

四川和重庆兽类新纪录——霍氏缺齿鼩

霍氏缺齿鼩(Chodsigoa hoffmanni)隶属劳亚食虫目(Eulipotyphla)鼩鼱科(Soricidae)缺齿鼩属(Chodsigoa Kastschenko,1907),模式标本来自云南楚雄双柏县,在云南省无量山、哀牢山等地也有发现(Chen et al.,2017).霍氏缺齿鼩一直被认为是云南缺齿鼩...     

A new genus of Asiatic short-tailed shrew(Soricidae,Eulipotyphla) based on molecular and morphological comparisons

Blarinellini is a tribe of soricine shrews comprised of nine fossil genera and one extant genus. Blarinelline shrews were once widely distributed throughout Eurasia and North America, though only members of the Asiatic short-tailed shrew genus Blarinella currently persist(mostly in southwestern China and adjacent areas). Only three forms of Blarinella have been recognized as either species or subspecies.However, recent molecular studies indicated a strikingly deep divergence within the genus, implying the existence of a distinct genus-level lineage. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes and one nuclear gene of three Asiatic short-tailed and two North American shrews and analyzed them morphometrically and morphologically. Our molecular analyses revealed that specimens ascribed to B. griselda formed two deeply diverged lineages,one a close relative to B. quadraticauda, whereas the other—comprised of topotype specimens from southern Gansu—diverged from other Blarinella in the middle Miocene(ca. 18.2 million years ago(Ma),95% confidence interval=13.4–23.6 Ma). Although the skulls were similarly shaped in both lineages, we observed several diagnostic characteristics, including the shape of the upper P~4. In consideration of the molecular and morphological evidence, we recognize B. griselda as the sole species of a new genus, namely, Pantherina gen. nov. Interestingly,some characteristics of Pantherina griselda are more similar to fossil genera, suggesting it represents an evolutionarily more primitive form than Blarinella.Recognition of this new genus sheds light on the systematics and evolutionary history of the tribe Blarinellini throughout Eurasia and North America.     

中国东北地区鼩鼱科动物分类与分布

在大兴安岭山脉呼中地区、塔河地区和呼伦湖地区,小兴安岭山脉萝北地区,长白山山脉横道河子地区、三道关地区、牡丹峰地区、凤凰山地区和新宾地区,对我国东北地区鼩鼱科动物进行调查。共获得686号标本,首先利用形态特征描述和形态测量进行形态学物种鉴定,然后利用mt DNA Cyt b基因全序列构建系统发生树,使用ABGD软件进行分子生物学物种鉴定,形态学和分子生物学物种鉴定结果一致。证实东北地区鼩鼱科动物包括麝鼩属2种:大麝鼩(Crocidura lasiura)和山东小麝鼩(C. shantungensis);鼩鼱属9种:大鼩鼱(Sorex mirabilis)、中鼩鼱(S. caecutiens)、远东鼩鼱(S. isodon)、苔原鼩鼱(S. tundrensis)、长爪鼩鼱(S. unguiculatus)、栗齿鼩鼱(S. daphaenodon)、细鼩鼱(S. gracillimus)、扁颅鼩鼱(S. roboratus)和姬鼩鼱(S. minutissimus)。调查发现大麝鼩和山东小麝鼩同域分布,且更临近人类生活区。在我国东北地区,中鼩鼱、细鼩鼱和远东鼩鼱种群数量与分布范围较大,其它物种种群数量明显小于这3个物种;大鼩鼱和扁颅鼩鼱分布数量较小,苔原鼩鼱仅在呼伦湖地区被采集到,在此地与姬鼩鼱同域分布。栗齿鼩鼱仅在大兴安岭地区捕获到。文中测量各物种标本的外形(体重、头体长、尾长、尾长/头体长、后足长、耳长),及头骨(颅全长、颅基长、基长、脑颅宽、脑颅高、眶间宽、上齿列长、下齿列长、腭前部宽、腭后部宽),通过照片展示了鼩鼱属9个物种的颅骨形态特征,并给出每一物种的鉴别特征,作为东北地区鼩鼱科物种形态分类依据。     

基于DNA宏条形码研究四川老君山国家级自然保护区6种同域共存小型哺乳动物的食性

揭示物种共存的发生和维持机制对于群落生态学理论的发展具有重要意义,同时也是生物多样性和保护生物学研究的热点之一。生态位分化是同域分布物种实现共存的重要原因之一。为了解同域分布的多种小型哺乳动物的共存机制,本研究采用DNA宏条形码技术对四川老君山国家级自然保护区内的6种小型哺乳动物胃内容物进行分子食性分析,解析其夏季食物组成特征,并计算和比较种间食物的多样性、生态位宽度和重叠指数。结果表明:(1)鳞翅目(相对丰度:3.76%–42.33%)和双翅目(2.59%–62.63%)是6种小型哺乳动物的主要动物性食物,禾本目(0.02%–45.33%)和豆目(0.19%–38.95%)为其主要植物性食物。6种小型哺乳动物取食主要动植物性食物的相对丰度存在种间差异。(2)黄胸鼠(Rattus tanezumi)和淡灰黑齿鼩鼱(Blarinella griselda)的属水平动物性食物显著重叠(O_jk=0.63);其余物种间的营养生态位存在一定程度重叠,但在主要食物的构成和组成比例上存在明显差异;(3) 6种小型哺乳动物的动物性食物α多样性存在明显种间差异,而植物性食物α多样性...     

短尾鼩江西省分布新纪录及其地理分布范围的探讨

<正>短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes Milne-Edwards,1872)隶属鼩形目(Soricomorpha)鼩鼱科(Soricidae)鼩鼱亚科(Soricinae)短尾鼩属,其模式产地为中国四川宝兴(Milne-Edwards,1872)。短尾鼩属的物种分布于亚洲中南部,共有4种,即A.assamensis、A.schmidi、A.squamipes和A.yamashinai(Wilson and Reeder,2005)。短尾鼩     

河南信阳发现台湾灰麝鼩北大核心CSCD

于2013年和2018年在河南信阳新县与浉河共采集到3号鼩鼱成年个体标本,基于齿色特征初步鉴定为劳亚食虫目鼩鼱科麝鼩属(Crocidura)物种。对所采3号标本的Cyt b基因进行PCR扩增和测序,测序结果与GenBank数据库进行比对,并通过构建系统发育关系树进一步明确所采3只标本的分类地位。根据标本形态、头骨特征,结合分子生物学证据,确定该物种为台湾灰麝鼩(C.tanakae),为河南哺乳动物分布新记录种。标本现存于郑州大学生物多样性与生态学研究所(编号分别为IBE20131005、IBE2018100501和IBE2018100502)。     

江西省两种兽类新纪录——东阳江麝鼩和安徽麝鼩

<正>麝鼩属(Crocidura)隶属于哺乳纲(Mammals)劳亚食虫目(Eulipotyphla)鼩鼱科(Soricidae),广泛分布于亚洲、欧洲和非洲。麝鼩属是哺乳动物中物种最多的属,已记录有198个物种(Wilson and Mittermeier, 2018)。麝鼩属物种体型较小、形态保守,属内多个物种的分类和分布存在较大争议。我国麝鼩属物种丰富,目前记录有14种麝鼩在我国分布(魏辅文等,2021)。     

宁夏回族自治区六盘山国家级自然保护区发现毛冠鹿

2016年1月、8月和9月,在宁夏回族自治区固原市六盘山国家级自然保护区的两个林场(35°27′~35°38′N,106°12′~106°18′E,海拔2 202~2 221 m),利用红外相机拍摄到8张毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)的有效照片。资料记载,该物种主要分布在中国的亚热带地区和缅甸的东北部,此次在宁夏回族自治区首次发现,为该区哺乳动物分布的新纪录。     

宁夏兽类新纪录——小麂 (Muntiacus reevesi Ogilby, 1839)

During the camera-trapping survey at Wanghuannan, Erlonghe and Hongxia Forest Farms in the Liupan Mountain National Nature Reserve in Guyuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 49 independent detections of Reeve’s muntjac, Muntiacus reevesi were captured by eight infrared-triggered camera-traps with 274 photographs and 12 video clips from July, 2017 to August, 2018. The Reeve’s muntjac is an endemic species of China and mainly distributed in south China, such as Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou and Taiwan Provinces, and also distributed in Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces adjacent to Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. This species was for the first time recorded in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, so its distribution range has been expanded in China. This discovery has enriched the distribution information of Reeve’s muntjac. This discovery will also play an important role in the study of biodiversity and species integrity in the area of Liupan Mountain.     

甘肃仓鼠的分类地位

自1928年Allen发表采自甘肃卓尼的甘肃仓鼠(Cansumys canus)以来,对其分类地位的争论就没有停止,不同学者从形态学和生态学方面研究得出了不同的结论。为了确认Allen所命名的甘肃仓鼠的分类地位,本研究利用形态性状和遗传性状,比较研究了甘肃、宁夏标本(包括模式产地标本)与华北、东北大仓鼠标本共计169只。结果显示:甘肃、宁夏地区标本身体及头骨量度与大仓鼠指名亚种、东北亚种间大多无显著性差异;地理分布连续,其间无隔离,也无地理重叠;生态特征与华北、东北的大仓鼠相似;基于线粒体DNA D-loop区序列的遗传变异分析表明,甘肃、宁夏地区种群与大仓鼠东北亚种种群关系较大仓鼠东北亚种种群与指名亚种种群关系更近;单倍型演化关系显示,指名亚种种群和东北亚种种群分别独立地由甘肃种群单倍型衍生而来,并且三个种群单倍型之间的分歧较浅,没有形成种上的分歧程度。据此,甘肃、宁夏地区“甘肃仓鼠”应为大仓鼠甘肃亚种[Cricetulus triton canus(Allen),1928]。     

中国蜂蚜蝇属一新种记述(食蚜蝇科,蜂蚜蝇族)

记述采自中国宁夏回族自治区六盘山自然保护区蜂蚜蝇属1新种:六盘山蜂蚜蝇Volucdla livpanshanensis sp. nov..新种近似Volucella thompsoni Choi et al.,2006.新种雄性复眼接缝长,约等于额长,腹部第3背板前缘具狭横斑,第4背板后缘向前凹入,使生殖后节背面可见;雌性复眼被毛极稀疏,腹部第3背板前缘具黄白色狭横带.模式标本保存于陕西理工学院动植物标本馆.黑蜂蚜蝇V.nigricans和黄盾蜂蚜蝇V.pellucens tabanoides为宁夏首次记录.文中给出新种描述、特征图和种团分类检索表.     

宁夏六盘伪黑盲蛛记述(盲蛛目,开气门亚目,硬体盲蛛科)(英文)

记述了分布于中国宁夏回族自治区的伪黑盲蛛属Pseudomelanopa 1新种:六盘伪黑盲蛛P.liupan sp.nov.,此种与本属中的唯一种类台湾伪黑盲蛛P.taiwana相比较,雄蛛的阳茎和雌蛛的纳精囊明显不同;新种步足上的刺明显小于台湾伪黑盲蛛P.taiwana;新种雌蛛眼丘光滑,而台湾伪黑盲蛛P.taiwana眼丘上具1对小钝突;新种雄蛛触肢膝节和胫节光滑,仅在其膝节远端具1尖刺,而台湾伪黑盲蛛P.taiwana雄蛛触肢膝节和胫节背面具小齿.新种模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆.     

中国宁夏下盾螨属一新种及轻绘下盾螨形态补充描述(蜱螨亚纲,厉螨科)

描述宁夏下盾螨属Hypoaspis Canestrini,1885 1新种,郭氏下盾螨Hypoaspis(Cosmolaelaps)guoi sp.nov.及轻绘下盾螨Hypoaspis(Cosmolaelaps)subpictus Guet Bai,1992的形态补充,标本均采自宁夏海原县红羊地区蚂蚁Myrmos sp.巢穴中,保存于军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所医学昆虫标本馆。     

下盾螨属一新亚种和龚氏钝革螨后若虫形态描述(蜱螨亚纲,厉螨科,寄螨科)

记述下盾螨属 Hypoaspis Canestrini,1885的1新亚种,柔弱下盾螨宁夏亚种Hypoaspis debilis ningxiaensis Bai,ssp. nov.和龚氏钝革螨 Amblygamasus gongzhengdai Bai,2010后若螨形态,标本分别采自银川市南郊地表柳叶腐植层及银川花卉市场的高山榕盆景土壤表层。模式标本保存于军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所昆虫标本馆和宁夏回族自治区疾病预防控制中心。     

ON ALLOPTOX (LAGOMORPHA, OCHOTONIDAE)FROM THE MIDDLE MIOCENE OF TONGXIN, NINGXIA HUI AUTONOMOUS REGION, CHINA

<正> Rather abundant sample of Alloptox, including skulls, maxillae, mandibles and isolated teeth, was collected from the middle Miocene of Tongxin County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region during the two field seasons in 1985 and 1986, when reconnaissance and geological mapping of the middle Miocene in this region were conducted by a joint party of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academia Sinica (IVPP) and the Bureau of Geology, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The specimens came from 18 localities pertaining to 9 levels in a sequence of middle Miocene fluviatile sediments with a thickness of ca. 200m. Except for the specimens assigned to Alloptox sp. from locality Taoziliang, all are recognized as Alloptox gobiensis. The present paper deals with only their dental morphology which is probably phylogenetically significant. Altogether 327 specimens of Alloptox gobiensis and 27 specimens of Alloptox sp. have been described. The text figures are drawn by the authors and Mrs. Yang Mingwan. All teeth are presented as left ones, the abbreviatd word "inv" is used under the figures of right teeth. All specimens are stored in IVPP under the inventory number V8822-V8839. The authors are much obliged to Prof. Qiu Zhanxiang for reading and correcting the English version of this paper.     

宁夏中气门螨调查报告（蜱螨亚纲）（2）

本文是《宁夏中气门螨调查报告》第2报。文中记载中气门螨10科42种,其中宁夏新记录8种。