基于深度最大输出网络的抗体种型特异性B细胞表位预测（英文）

B细胞表位研究有助于肽段疫苗研制,抗体研制以及疾病诊断和治疗研究。不同的B细胞表位诱导免疫系统产生不同的抗体种型,探索研究能够诱导特异性抗体产生的B细胞表位具有重要意义。基于二肽组成特征,利用深度最大输出网络算法训练构建三个二类分类器,分别对应诱导三种不同特异性抗体的B细胞表位,即Ig A表位,Ig E表位以及Ig G表位。通过五折交叉验证训练和测试这三个分类器,获得AUC的值分别为0.78,0.93以及0.78。Ig A表位和Ig E表位分类器的预测能力优于其它Ig A表位和Ig E表位分类器,Ig G表位分类器和其它Ig G表位分类器的预测能力相当。     

BCESCP:基于多类支持向量机的B细胞表位亚类分类研究（英文）

目的:根据诱导的特异性抗体种型,B细胞表位被分成不同的亚类。探索表位多类亚类之间的区别非常重要,能促进揭示免疫系统为什么会针对不同的表位产生特异性抗体应答。基于多类支持向量机,发展一个能区分多类表位亚类并且能预测B细胞表位的亚类类别的模型。方法:训练模型的数据集来源于免疫表位数据库,数据集包含4类数据,对应4种B细胞表位亚类:Ig A表位,Ig E表位,Ig G表位以及Ig M表位。通过5折交叉验证,分别探索氨基酸组成特征,quasi-序列顺序特征以及二肽组成特征区分表位多类亚类的能力。结果:实验结果表明二肽组成特征的区分性能最好,整体准确率为61.58%,应用此多类分类模型,开发了一个名为BCESCP的免费使用的B细胞表位的亚类类别预测服务器,BCESCP可以通过如下地址访问:http://www.bioinfo.tsinghua.edu.cn/epitope/BCESCP/。     

B细胞在血管紧张素Ⅱ依赖的高血压中起着必要的作用

<正>多年的临床研究表明,高血压的病人血中的抗体水平会上升,人类高血压疾病与血中IgG、IgA或IgM抗体水平的上调密切相关。然而,这些抗体以及产生抗体的B细胞本身是否直接导致高血压的发病还不清楚。本文利用血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导的高血压小鼠模型,探索了B细胞及其产生的抗体在高血压发病中的作用。研究发现,AngⅡ诱导的高血压小鼠淋巴组织中活化的CD86+B细胞和浆细胞的比例是上调的,小鼠血中的IgG2b和IgG3抗体的水     

基因工程抗体的获得

一、抗体结构和抗体基因 1.抗体结构 抗体分为五类,即IgG、IgM、IgA、IgD和IgE,其理化性质各不相同,在体内的比例、分布及代谢速率也很不一样。IgG是最重要的血清免疫球蛋白,分为四种亚型:IgG1是主要的亚型(占IgG总量的67％),其次是IgG2、IgG3、IgG4。IgA是主要的分泌型Ig,分为IgA1,IgA2两个亚型。IgM是一五聚体分子,由10条H链、10条L链和一条J链通过二硫键连接而成。它是一个多价体。在B细胞膜上的IgM作为抗原受体与B细胞成熟、分化有关。     

HIV-1辅助蛋白Vpr多肽抗体的制备与鉴定

预测Vpr蛋白的B细胞抗原表位,并利用合成的B细胞表位肽制备Vpr特异性抗体。应用生物信息学技术获得Vpr蛋白共享氨基酸序列并预测其潜在B细胞抗原表位,与载体蛋白血蓝蛋白(KLH)偶联合成多肽并免疫家兔,鉴定及纯化获得的多肽特异性抗体。软件预测显示,Vpr蛋白N端的第3～19位(N)和C端的第82～95位(C)氨基酸序列为潜在B细胞抗原表位;ELISA检测抗血清中多肽特异性抗体的效价都达到1:105以上;Western-Blotting结果显示,无论对HIV-1B亚型还是CRF07_BC重组型的Vpr蛋白,其多肽N抗体和C抗体均能特异性识别;免疫沉淀结果显示,Vpr多肽N和C抗体也能特异性结合未变性的野生型Vpr或GFP-Vpr融合蛋白。利用生物信息学技术能成功预测Vpr蛋白B细胞抗原表位,免疫所获得的抗体具有较好的特异性和应用性。     

HFRS患者特异性IgA、IgE抗体及其免疫复合物测定

为进一步研究HFRS免疫损伤机制,用ELISA法同步测定了108例不同临床型、不同病日、病期HFRS患者血清中特异性IgA、IgE抗体以及HFRS病毒特异性IgA、IgE型CIC的水平及检出率.发现HFRS-IgA型抗体在轻型病例高于中、重型病例;HFRS-IgE型抗体及IgE型CIC在重型病例高于中、轻型病例.上述差异在病程早期(发热、休克少尿期,或是3～8病日)尤为突出.IgA型CIC则未见到上述差异.     

构象性B细胞表位预测的免疫信息学方法及其网络资源

抗原表位预测是免疫信息学研究的重要方向之一,可以给实验提供重要的线索。B细胞表位或抗原决定簇是抗原中可被B细胞受体或抗体特异性识别并结合的部位。实际上,近90%的B细胞表位是构象性的。即使抗原蛋白质三级结构已知,B细胞表位预测仍然是一大挑战。该文结合实例阐述当今主要的构象性B细胞表位预测方法和算法:机器学习预测、非机器学习的计算预测、基于噬菌体展示数据的识别方法,以及一些也可用于构象性B细胞表位预测的通用蛋白质-蛋白质界面预测方法;介绍最新相关预测软件和Web服务资源,说明未来的研究趋势。     

干酪乳杆菌干预对花生过敏小鼠模型的免疫调节作用

【目的】研究干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)Zhang在预防及治疗花生过敏方面的作用。【方法】构建小鼠花生过敏模型,饲喂L.casei Zhang,并检测血清中IgE、IgG1和IgG2a抗体,粪便中组胺和IgA抗体,细胞因子和CD4+Foxp3+Tregs细胞的含量。【结果】与模型组相比,口服L.casei Zhang的实验组小鼠血清过敏原特异性的IgG2a和粪便总IgA抗体水平有所上调,花生过敏症状及Th2型反应(血清总IgE、特异性IgE、粪便组胺和IL-4水平等指标)明显降低。L.casei Zhang的摄入对血清IgG1抗体和其他细胞因子(IL-10、IL-12及IFN-γ)的表达水平没有明显影响,而IFN-γ/IL-4的比例及实验组脾脏和肠系膜淋巴结中CD4~+Foxp3~+Tregs细胞的表达增加。【结论】L.casei Zhang能促使Th2优势反应向Th1方向转变,从而起到预防和治疗花生过敏的作用。     

HIV蛋白质优势B细胞抗原表位的筛选、重组表达与抗原性鉴定

设计了一种新的病原体蛋白质B细胞抗原表位的筛选和重 组表达方法。不须使用抗原,而通过交替用病人血清IgG抗体“淘洗”(biopanning)随机肽库和用正常人血清IgG反向吸附,来获得特异抗原表位资料。用HIV病人血清的IgG抗体淘洗噬菌体递呈随机十二肽库,再以正常人IgG抗体吸附,筛选到了能和HIV病人血清发生特异反应的噬菌体克隆,经ELISA、DNA测序等,成功地筛选出了位于HIV gp41外膜蛋白、高亲和力、构型特异的优势B细胞抗原表位(602GCSGKLICTTNV613)。用大肠杆菌硫氧还蛋白作为骨架,在其活性部位以“内融合”形式重组表达了该抗原表位,纯化的重组蛋白具有良好的抗原性,能与HIV(+)IgG抗体及艾滋病人血清呈特异反应,表明本技术路线可以有 效地进行HIV蛋白质的B细胞抗原表位筛选和重组表达。此方法也可移植于其它病原微生物抗原或自身抗原的表位研究,继而为基于抗原表位水平的特异诊断试剂的研制、疫苗的设计提供依据。     

基于B细胞表位制备抗肝细胞生成素的抗体

目的：基于B细胞表位制备抗肝细胞生成素（HPO）的抗体。方法：根据HPO的空间结构选择了2个候选B细胞表位,展示在T7噬菌体的表面,将提取的重组噬菌体免疫动物,采用ELISA法检测抗血清的效价,通过杂交瘤技术制备针对HPOC端表位的单克隆抗体。结果：2个候选B细胞表位KDGSCD和DGWKDGSC均能诱导抗相应表位多肽的多克隆抗体的产生,免疫6周后血清中抗体效价均达到1∶103,产生的抗体还能够特异识别HPO全蛋白;针对HPOC端表位KDGSCD的单克隆抗体也能识别HPO全蛋白,且具有良好的特异性。结论：基于T7噬菌体展示的B细胞表位可作为免疫原用于制备识别该B细胞表位来源的全蛋白质的抗体。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.