单增李斯特菌溶血素O的PEST序列激活ERK1/2磷酸化的作用

[目的]本研究旨在构建单核细胞增多性李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,简称单增李斯特菌)溶血素O(Listeriolysin O,LLO)的关键结构域PEST序列(包含S44、S48和T51关键磷酸化位点)突变体,并针对其生物学功能展开研究。[方法]以李斯特菌参考菌株EGD-e为模板扩增编码LLO的hly基因,克隆至pET30a(+)原核表达载体,在此基础上利用氨基酸突变技术获得表达PEST突变体(LLO△PEST、LLOS44A、LLOS48A和LLOT51A)的重组质粒,转入E.coli Rosetta感受态细胞中,诱导表达重组蛋白经镍离子亲和层析纯化后进行SDS-PAGE分析。利用红细胞裂解试验检测重组蛋白的溶血活性,并通过Western blotting检测重组突变蛋白刺激Caco-2细胞后对MAPK关键信号分子ERK1/2磷酸化水平变化的影响。[结果]结果显示,本研究成功获得重组LLO及其突变体蛋白LLO△PEST、LLOS44A、LLOS48A和LLOT51A。在pH5.5和7.4条件下,LLO△PEST、LLOS44A、LLOS48A和LLOT51A均具有和LLO相当的溶血活性,说明PEST序列缺失或突变并不影响LLO的膜裂解活性。研究进一步发现,重组LLO及其突变蛋白刺激Caco-2细胞后均能激活ERK1/2的磷酸化。[结论]研究表明LLO的关键结构域PEST序列对于维持该蛋白的膜裂解能力及穿孔活性并非必需,且该结构域的缺失不影响李斯特菌在感染宿主时依赖LLO介导ERK1/2磷酸化的生物学过程。本研究将为进一步探索细菌感染过程中PEST序列对于LLO发挥生物学功能的潜在作用及分子机制奠定基础。     

TBK1相关激酶活性缺失突变体和泛素样结构域突变体的构建、表达及生物活性鉴定

目的:构建TANK结合激酶1(TBK1)相关激酶活性缺失突变体和泛素样结构域突变体真核表达载体,检测该基因相关突变体在293细胞中的表达,并利用萤光素酶报告基因实验检测其生物活性。方法:根据文献报道的突变序列及QuickChange Site-Directed Mutagenesis实验设计手册,设计合成2条针对TBK1相关激酶活性缺失突变体和泛素样结构域突变体的引物,以实验室之前构建的TBK1野生型真核表达载体为模板,构建TBK1激酶活性缺失突变体和泛素样结构域突变体真核表达载体,分别命名为pcDNA3-Flag-TBK1(KD)、pcDNA3-Flag-TBK1(ΔULD)。以LipofactAMINE2000转染试剂转染至293细胞中进行瞬时表达,利用萤光素酶实验检测2种TBK1突变体诱导β干扰素(IFN-β)转录的情况。结果:测序结果表明,TBK1相关激酶活性缺失突变体和泛素样结构域缺失突变体真核表达载体构建成功,Western印迹检测表明其在293细胞中获得有效表达;用萤光素酶报告基因实验检测,与野生型TBK1相比,其相关激酶活性缺失突变体和泛素样结构域缺失突变体诱导IFN-β转录激活的作用明显降低。结论:真核表达的TBK1相关激酶活性缺失突变体和泛素样结构域突变体具有相应的生物学活性,为研究其功能奠定了基础。     

FHL2转录激活结构域的定位

LIM蛋白家族成员FHL2 (fourandhalfLIMdomainprotein)在转录调节、细胞凋亡及肿瘤的发生发展中都起着重要作用。利用GAL4转录因子中的DNA结合结构域 (DBD)和含有与DBD结合序列的荧光素酶报告基因(GAL4 LUC)构建了哺乳动物细胞转录激活系统 ,并利用该系统定位了FHL2的转录激活结构域。首先将GAL4 DBD序列以正确读框插入到pcDNA3载体的多克隆位点中 ,构建成真核表达载体pDBD ,再将野生型FHL2及其不同片段以正确读框与pDBD中GAL4 DBD序列融合 ,构建成野生型FHL2及其缺失突变体表达载体。将这些表达载体分别瞬时转染 2 93T胚胎肾细胞 ,野生型FHL2及其缺失突变体都得到了表达。利用GAL4 荧光素酶报告基因对野生型FHL2及其不同突变体的转录激活活性检测表明 ,在 2 93T胚胎肾细胞和乳腺癌MCF 7细胞中 ,野生型FHL2具有转录激活活性 ,缺失N端半个LIM结构域使FHL2转录激活活性降低 ,缺失C末端第二个LIM结构域对FHL2的转录激活功能影响不大 ,缺失C末端最后一个LIM结构域则使FHL2的转录激活功能完全丧失 ,而C末端缺失 2个LIM结构域使FHL2转录激活活性又有所恢复。这说明FHL2C末端最后一个LIM结构域对其转录激活功能是必需的 ,而C末端第二个LIM结构域可能对FHL2的转录激活功能有负调控作用 ,这种负调控作用取决于     

炭疽毒素保护性抗原的不同结构域对其表达可溶性的影响

目的：对炭疽毒素保护性抗原（PA）的不同结构域进行了缺失突变,以期找到免疫原性降低而功能变化不大的PA蛋白突变体。方法：在对PA结构域的缺失突变体进行表达时,意外发现不同的突变体表达效果之间存在很大差异,遂用DNAStar软件对PA的4个结构域和突变体进行分析。结果：PA蛋白结构域2的表面特性与其他结构域存在很大差异。结论：推断这种表面特性影响了PA突变体的可溶性特征。     

骨桥蛋白RGD黏附序列多拷贝短肽的表达、纯化及生物学活性测定

目的:用大肠杆菌表达骨桥蛋白RGD黏附序列6拷贝短肽,经分离纯化后检测其生物学活性.方法:运用基因重组技术,将骨桥蛋白RGD黏附序列的核酸片段首尾相连,与携带GST编码序列的原核表达载体连接构建融合蛋白表达质粒pGEX-3X-RGD.将重组质粒转化宿主菌后,对诱导融合蛋白表达的条件进行优化.表达产物GST-RGD经谷胱甘肽-亲和层析纯化后,分别检测其对骨桥蛋白诱导的血管平滑肌细胞黏附和迁移的影响.结果:所构建的含有6个拷贝短肽的GST-RGD融合蛋白可在大肠杆菌中以包含体的形式进行表达.用十二烷基肌氨酸钠变性溶解包含体及透析复性后,经亲和层析可得到高纯度的GST-RGD(6)融合蛋白.GST-RGD(6)融合蛋白能特异性的抑制骨桥蛋白诱导的血管平滑肌细胞的黏附和迁移.结论:骨桥蛋白RGD黏附序列6拷贝短肽可在大肠杆菌中高效表达,纯化的GST-RGD融合蛋白具有抑制血管平滑肌细胞黏附和迁移的活性.     

粉纹夜蛾颗粒体病毒增强蛋白锌离子结合域定点突变

粉纹夜蛾颗粒体病毒（Trichoplusia ni granulovirus, TnGV）增强蛋白（enhancin）具有增强病毒感染力的作用。该蛋白包含一个多种杆状病毒增强蛋白都具有的保守结构域HELGH,是典型的金属蛋白酶锌离子结合域,但该结构域对增强蛋白生物活性的重要性尚未得到研究。本研究通过定点突变构建了该结构域的5个氨基酸分别突变为2种不同氨基酸的共10种增强蛋白突变体基因,并用杆状病毒载体进行了重组表达。活性测定发现,10种突变型增强蛋白大部分都丧失了野生型增强蛋白所具有的降解粉纹夜蛾幼虫围食膜粘蛋白的生物学功能,只有1种（第4位G突变为A）保留该生物学活性。这一结果表明锌离子结合域对增强蛋白生物活性具有重要作用,也提示增强蛋白确是一种金属蛋白酶。     

人星状病毒非结构蛋白C末端nsP1a/4蛋白6种删除突变体的构建与表达分析

星状病毒(Human astrovirus,HAstV)是通过引起小肠上皮细胞凋亡从而导致婴幼儿腹泻的重要病原体。课题组前期研究表明HAstV非结构蛋白nsP1aC末端蛋白nsP1a/4是诱导凋亡的主要功能性蛋白,可能含有与凋亡相关的重要结构域。为了探索nsP1a/4蛋白中的凋亡结构域,本研究采用绿色荧光蛋白真核表达载体,根据nsP1a/4蛋白功能性结构域的位置,选择不同的删除位点,构建nsP1a/4蛋白及不同结构域删除的nsP1a/4蛋白突变体,并将其转染BHK21细胞,在转染的24～72h检测重组蛋白在细胞内的表达并进行初步分析。结果显示,24h后荧光显微镜下可观察到融合nsP1a/4蛋白和其突变体的绿色荧光。Western blot分析结果显示7种融合蛋白均能在体外细胞中高效表达,72h表达量明显高于48h。这些结果表明我们构建的nsP1a/4蛋白及其删除突变体可在BHK21细胞中表达,可用于HAstV非结构蛋白nsP1a/4的凋亡结构域研究,从而为进一步研究HAstV分子致病机制提供研究平台。     

人凋亡相关基因TFAR19缺失突变体的原核表达、产物纯化及鉴定

构建TF 1细胞凋亡相关基因 19(TF 1cellapoptosisrelatedgene 19,TFAR19)缺失突变体的原核表达载体 ,获取缺失突变体蛋白 ,用于TFAR19促凋亡分子机理的研究 .从真核表达载体pcDI TFAR19扩增出野生型TFAR19和 4个缺失突变体 ,重组到原核表达载体pGEX 4T 2 .经亲和层析方法对缺失体蛋白进行纯化后 ,再利用凝胶过滤的方法进一步纯化 .利用抗GST和抗TFAR19的单克隆抗体对蛋白进行免疫学鉴定 .用白血病细胞株HL 6 0检测蛋白活性 .成功地克隆并重组了野生型TFAR19及缺失突变体 pGEX 4T 2表达载体 ,对融合蛋白的表达条件进行了优化 .SDS PAGE结果显示 ,各个缺失突变体融合蛋白均有较高水平的表达 .免疫学检测证实获得了正确的表达产物 .活性检测证实 ,野生型TFAR19和缺失突变体 4可以明显促进去血清诱导的HL 6 0细胞凋亡 ,第 6外显子可能是一个与TFAR19促凋亡活性密切相关的功能结构域     

非特异性脂质转移蛋白突变体的构建及在两种硫氧还蛋白表达载体中的表达比较

对水稻非特异性脂质转移蛋白(Nospecific lipid transfer protein,nsLTP) LTP110中结构重要的5个氨基酸位点进行了定点突变,测序结果证实了突变体构建成功。在尝试了多种大肠杆菌表达系统进行表达之后,发现硫氧还蛋白融合表达载体适合于LTP110野生型及突变体的表达。将编码野生型LTP110及突变体Y17A,P72L,R46A,D45A,C50A蛋白的cDNA顺序克隆进两种硫氧还蛋白表达载体并对其表达情况进行了比较：pTrxFus载体可以在宿主菌GI724中以较低水平表达野生型LTP110及突变体Y17A,P72L,R46A融合蛋白,但不能表达D45A和C50A融合蛋白;pET32a(+)载体可以在宿主菌BL21 (DE3) trxB-中以可溶蛋白的形式表达野生型及所有突变型融合蛋白,且表达量比在pTrxFus载体/GI724突主菌中表达量高。对pET32a(+)载体中表达的LTP110融合蛋白进行了纯化,并利用带有荧光标记的脂肪酸分子对其测活,结果表明表达的野生型LTP110分子具有结合脂质的活性。     

TNF受体（P55）胞外区基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

TNF与多种疾病密切相关。为了获得大量具有生物学活性的可溶性TNF受体用以拮抗TNF的毒性作用,在原核表达系统中表达了TNFR（P55）的胞外区与TrxA的融合蛋白。将TNFR（P55）胞外区去信号肽的前三个结构域基因克隆入融合蛋白表达载体pET-32a,在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中高效表达了TrxA-TNFR融合蛋白。表达产物以包涵体形式存在,经过变性和复性,并经镍金属鳌和柱亲和层析纯化,得到了纯度较高的可溶性受体蛋白的初纯品。免疫学实验及L929细胞体外实验均表明：该蛋白具有TNFR（P55）特异的抗原性、与TNF结合的活性以及良好的抑制TNF的TNF生物学活性。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.