青春双歧杆菌的波状层次生长特征观察

通过观察青春双歧杆菌在体外培养条件出现波状层次生长的情况,了解该过程中青春双歧杆菌形态的改变及其生物学意义。采用青春双歧杆菌低浓度接种于BS固体平板培养基中,延长培养时间至6 d,使其单个菌落长成较大的菌落后,置4℃冰箱中2~4周,在其培养结束时和放置冰箱后对菌落及菌体形态特征进行观察。在特定的培养时间及其后的低温处理后,青春双歧杆菌部分菌落出现了半透明环和不透明环交替的层次状结构,在半透明环区域和不透明环区域,菌体的形态以及对温度的敏感性存在差异,且在透明环区域,菌体发生了自溶现象。证明青春双歧杆菌在一定条件下形成了波状层次生长过程,且在该过程中,青春双歧杆菌的生长、生存方式以及增殖方式均发生了适应性变化。     

双歧杆菌对大肠癌细胞ccL187cAMP,cGMP影响的实验研究

双歧杆菌对维持机体正常微生态平衡具有重要作用。本文研究了长双歧杆菌对大肠癌细胞ｃｃＬ１８７内第二信使ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ浓度的影响,对长双歧杆菌的对数期培养物分别进行下列处理：活菌、死菌、代谢产物作用ｃｃＬ１８７细胞２小时后分别收集ｃｃＬ１８７细胞内的ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ浓度。实验表明长双歧杆菌的不同状态及代谢产物对ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ产生显著影响,且存在时间依赖关系,三种处理作用ｃｃＬ１８７细胞内的ｃ     

青春双歧杆菌DM8504菌株对小鼠体内HCa-F_(25)/16A_3-F肿瘤细胞抑制作用的初步研究

本实验应用加热处死的青春双歧杆菌ＤＭ８５０４菌株皮下注射荷瘤ＨＣａ－Ｆ２５／１６Ａ３－Ｆ肿瘤的ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠,酶联法测定小鼠体内ＴＮＦ－α、ＩＬ－６的含量,ＴＵＮＥＬ法及电镜观察肿瘤组织中是否有凋亡细胞的存在。实验结果指出：双歧杆菌能提高荷瘤小鼠体内ＴＮＦ－２的含量,较对照组明显升高,但ＩＬ－６的含量处理组与对照组之间无显著性差异。ＴＵＮＥＬ法除观察到不同程度的坏死组织外,未见到散在的凋亡的肿瘤细胞,电镜观察与ＴＵＮＥＬ结果相一致,肿瘤细胞呈现坏死细胞的超微结构,未见凋亡细胞所具有的典型的形态特征。结果提示：双歧杆菌通过调节机体的免疫系统发挥抗肿瘤的作用,其对ＨＣａ－Ｆ２５／１６Ａ３－Ｆ肿瘤细胞的杀伤是通过坏死的方式实现的。     

耐氧双歧杆菌rDNA ISR序列测定及特征分析

目的 对4种耐氧双歧杆菌16S-23S rDNA ISR序列进行克隆和序列分析。方法采用凝胶分离PCR产物的方法。结果长双歧杆菌和短双歧杆菌16S-23S rDNA ISR序列一致,全长568个碱基对;青春双歧杆菌与婴儿双歧杆菌序列一致,全长510个碱基对。通过19种双歧杆菌和4种耐氧双歧杆菌ISR序列分析表明,该序列中含有一个保守的特征序列,可作为双歧杆菌属的分子标记,此外还含有3个基因高变区,可用双歧杆菌种间分子鉴定的基础。结论对23种双歧杆菌聚类分析表明,耐氧双歧杆菌ISR序列已发生改变,为进一步研究双歧杆菌在有氧条件下进化机制奠定了基础。     

中药人参合剂对提高小鼠定植抗力作用的初步研究

本实验用肠炎杆菌攻击正常小白鼠,肠炎杆菌菌液浓度为１０８个／ｍｌ,灌喂０．２ｍｌ,造成肠炎杆菌在肠道内大量定植后,分别用中药人参合剂及复方新诺明（ＣＯ－ＳＭＺ）治疗,连续６天后,观察对比两种药物对受攻击小鼠的治病效果。检测小鼠粪便中的四种菌群成员,肠炎杆菌、肠杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳杆菌。结果表明：中药人参合剂治疗组肠炎杆菌显著下降,与ＣＯ－ＳＭＺ组相似（Ｐ＞０．０５）,但双歧杆菌与乳杆菌显著升高,与复方新诺明组相比有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。我们认为中药人参合剂治疗肠道感染的主要机制是中药人参合剂扶植正常菌群生长,提高小鼠的定植抗力的作用。     

双歧杆菌抗体制备方法的探讨

本文对双歧杆菌抗体的制备方法进行了探讨,并建立了检测双歧杆菌抗体的ＥＬＩＳＡ方法。结果表明,采用完整菌体、粉碎菌体、脂磷壁酸粗提物,获得的抗体效价均很低。先用活的卡介苗对动物进行多克隆刺激,再用活的双歧杆菌加福氏不完全佐剂获得的双歧杆菌抗体效价达１：２５６０,该抗体对双歧杆菌属的菌种能起免疫反应,与所试的其它种属细菌无交叉反应。此外,将免疫过双歧杆菌的小鼠用福氏不完全佐剂和ＳＰ２／Ｏ骨髓瘤细胞诱生腹水,从腹水中测得双歧杆菌抗体效价为１：１０００。此过程类似于单克隆抗体的生产过程,可用于制备大量的双歧杆菌多克隆抗体。     

双歧杆菌防治鼠伤寒沙门菌感染的实验研究

目的　以小鼠为模型,研究双歧杆菌在体内对鼠伤寒沙门菌（Ｓａｌｍｏｎｅｌｌａ ｔｙｐｈｉｍｕｒｉｕｍ ,ＳＴＭ） 感染的防治作用。方法　分别用大剂量悉复欢、Ｂ．ｂｉｆｉｄｕｍ 、生理盐水（ＮＳ） 给三组小鼠灌胃,再用ＳＴＭ 攻击,观察小鼠经上述不同处理前后肠道双歧杆菌数量和ＳＴＭ 攻击后粪便ＳＴＭ 培养阳性率,阳性标本ＳＴＭ 分离值及小鼠ＳＴＭ 感染率;同时用双歧杆菌、悉复欢、双歧杆菌加悉复欢分别治疗ＳＴＭ 感染的小鼠,观察并比较疗效。结果　１． 大剂量悉复欢使用可使小鼠肠道内双歧杆菌明显降低,而双歧杆菌灌胃则肠道双歧杆菌明显增多。双歧杆菌灌胃的小鼠粪便ＳＴＭ培养阳性率、阳性粪便ＳＴＭ 值明显低于用大剂量悉复欢和ＮＳ 的小鼠,小鼠ＳＴＭ 感染发病率也明显较低。２． 对于ＳＴＭ 感染鼠,双歧杆菌与悉复欢联合治疗效果最好。结论　１． 双歧杆菌在体内对ＳＴＭ 有拮抗作用;能预防和减少ＳＴＭ 感染发生;２． 在ＳＴＭ 感染时,先用悉复欢,再用双歧杆菌可以达到预期疗效,双歧杆菌对鼠伤寒沙门菌感染有辅助治疗作用。     

双歧杆菌对人大肠癌细胞粘附作用的初步探讨

双歧杆菌是人肠道的正常菌群之一。为探讨双歧杆菌对肠道粘膜上皮细胞的粘附机制,本文观察了双岐杆菌ＤＭ９２２７对培养的大肠癌细胞系ＣＣＬ－１８７细胞的粘附作用以及影响粘附的因素,初步建立了体外双歧杆的的粘附模型。结果还发现：在粘附近程中,孵育培养基的环境ｐＨ值在６．０－７．０左右时,钙离子浓度在２．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,双歧杆菌ＤＭ９２２７对大肠癌ＣＣＬ一１８７细胞的粘附效果达到最佳。     

青春双歧杆菌DM8504菌株对小鼠体内HCa—F25／16A3—F肿瘤细胞 …

本实验应用加热处死的青春双歧杆菌ＤＭ８５０４菌株皮下注射荷瘤ＨＣａ－Ｆ２５／１６Ａ３－Ｆ肿瘤的ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠,酶联法测定小鼠体内ＴＮＦ－α、ＩＬ－６的含量,ＴＵＮＥＬ法及电镜观察肿瘤组织中是否有凋亡细胞的存在。实验结果指出：双歧杆菌能提高荷瘤小鼠体内ＴＮＦ－２的含量,较对照组明显升高,但ＩＬ－６的含量处理组与对照组之间无显著性差异。ＴＵＮＥＬ法除观察到不同程度的坏死组织外,未见到散在凋亡的肿瘤细     

双歧杆菌培养滤液中核酸的提取及对肠癌细胞cAMP,cGMP的影响

实验观察了对数期长双歧杆菌、青春双歧杆菌培养滤液中提取的总核酸对肠癌细胞ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ的影响。结果发现,双歧杆菌培养中滤液中存在大量核酸,将双歧杆菌培养滤中的核提取纯化作用于大肠癌细胞ＣＣＬ１８７,ｃＡＭＰ增高,ＣＧＭＰ没有变化,提示核酸可能作为细胞膜外的第一信使物质腺苷环化酶活性。     

Detection of Bifidobacterium species by enzymatic methods

The properties of Bifidobacterium strains of human origin were examined by three enzymic tests and the amounts of acetic and lactic acids produced were also quantified. It was evident that two strains of the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) did not belong to the genus. Moreover, at least one strain of Bifidobacterium added to some milk preparations did not show distinctive characteristics of the genus. It was also shown that most of bifidobacteria studied produced alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22) and alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20). The presence of alpha-galactosidase could afford a rapid differentiation of bifidobacteria used in some dairy products since this enzyme was not detected in Lactobacillus strains studied.     

Characterization of the genus Bifidobacterium by automated ribotyping and 16S rRNA gene sequences

In order to characterize the genus Bifidobacterium, ribopatterns and approximately 500 bp (Escherichia coli positions 27 to 520) of 16S rRNA gene sequences of 28 type strains and 64 reference strains of the genus Bifidobacterium were determined. Ribopatterns obtained from Bifidobacterium strains were divided into nine clusters (clusters I-IX) with a similarity of 60%. Cluster V, containing 17 species, was further subdivided into 22 subclusters with a similarity of 90%. In the genus Bifidobacterium, four groups were shown according to Miyake et al.: (i) the Bifidobacterium longum infantis-longum-suis type group, (ii) the B. catenulatum-pseudocatenulatum group, (iii) the B. gallinarum-saeculare-pullorum group, and (iv) the B. coryneforme-indicum group, which showed higher than 97% similarity of the 16S rRNA gene sequences in each group. Using ribotyping analysis, unique ribopatterns were obtained from these species, and they could be separated by cluster analysis. Ribopatterns of six B. adolescentis strains were separated into different clusters, and also showed diversity in 16S rRNA gene sequences. B. adolescentis consisted of heterogeneous strains. The nine strains of B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum were divided into five subclusters. Each type strain of B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum and B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum and two intermediate groups, which were suggested by Yaeshima et al., consisted of individual clusters. B. animalis subsp. animalis and B. animalis subsp. lactis could not be separated by ribotyping using Eco RI. We conclude that ribotyping is able to provide another characteristic of Bifidobacterium strains in addition to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic analysis, and this information suggests that ribotyping analysis is a useful tool for the characterization of Bifidobacterium species in combination with other techniques for taxonomic characterization.     

猪源双歧杆菌的分离与鉴定

运用双歧杆菌选择性培养基,从１～４周龄乳猪的粪便中共分离纯化到５２个菌株。通过染色镜检、生化反应、代谢产物分析、抗生素敏感性试验研究表明这些菌株均与双歧杆菌属特征相符。根据糖发酵试验初步鉴定结果,其中４５个菌株为小猪双歧杆菌,５株为猪双歧杆菌,２株为嗜热双歧杆菌。部分菌株的急性毒性试验表明受试菌株对小白鼠无任何毒性副反应。     

Identification and differentiation of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Bifidobacterium species in fermented milk products with bifidobacteria

The aim of this study was to identify and discriminate bacteria contained in commercial fermented milks with bifidobacteria by the use of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques. ARDRA of the 16S rDNA gene and RAPD were performed on 13 Lactobacillus strains, 13 Streptococcus and 13 Bifidobacterium strains isolated from commercial fermented milk. Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis isolates were identified by genus- and species-PCR and also, they were differentiated at genus and species level by ARDRA using MwoI restriction enzyme. The ARDRA technique allowed for the discrimination among these three related genus with the use of only one restriction enzyme, since distinctive profiles were obtained for each genus. Therefore it can be a simple, rapid and useful method for routine identification. Also, RAPD technique allowed the discrimination of all bacteria contained in dairy products, at genus- and strain-level by the performance of one PCR reaction.     

Comparison of the Phospholipid Composition of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Strains

Phospholipid composition of 10 Bifidobacterium strains of human intestinal origin and of 9 Lactobacillus strains was determined by quantitative two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. Phospholipids of three Bifidobacterium strains from honey bees and of two strains from bovine rumen liquor were qualitatively investigated. Diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol were present in strains of both genera. All Bifidobacterium strains contained as specific phospholipids a new polyglycerolphospholipid, compound 15, and its lyso derivatives, earlier detected in B. bifidum var. pennsylvanicus. Also, lyso compounds of diphosphatidylglycerol and alanyl phosphatidylglycerol were only present in this genus in variable amounts. Lysyl phosphatidylglycerol was the only ninhydrin-positive phospholipid in seven Lactobacillus strains. In L. delbrückii and L. helveticus it was absent and partially replaced by an unidentified ninhydrin-negative phospholipid. The differences in phospholipid composition between bifidobacteria and lactobacilli may be another argument to differentiate these two genera.     

Bifidobacteria from the Faeces of Piglets

S ummary . Ninety-five strains of bifidobacteria isolated from 52 specimens of piglet faeces collected at 19 farms were studied. The main phenotypic characters of the strains were determined; however their assignment to known species of the genus Bifidobacterium was based primarily on their deoxyribonucleic acid homology relationships following DNA-DNA hybridization tests. The majority of the strains were recognized as Bifidobacterium suis Matteuzzi et al. Some strains could not be assigned to any known species of the genus so they were allotted provisionally to 2 unassigned bacterial groups.     

Characterization of human intestinal bifidobacteria using competitive PCR and PCR-TTGE

In this study, a competitive PCR was developed to estimate the quantity of bifidobacteria in human faecal samples using two 16S rRNA gene Bifidobacterium genus-specific primers, Bif164f and Bif662r. A PCR-temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE) with the same primers also allowed us to describe the Bifidobacterium species present in these faecal samples. The PCR product obtained from the competitor had 467 bp, and was 47 bp shorter than the PCR products obtained from Bifidobacterium strains. The number of bifidobacterial cells was linear from 10 to 10(8) cells per PCR assay. Taking into account the dilutions of the extracted DNA, the linear range was over 8 x 10(5) bifidobacteria g(-1) of faeces. Reproducibility was assessed from 10 independent DNA extractions from the same stool and the coefficient of variation was 0.5%. When the competitive PCR was compared with the culture method, a similar count of seven out of nine Bifidobacterium pure cultures were obtained, or had a difference inferior or equal to 1 log(10). In faecal samples, the enumeration of Bifidobacterium genus in most cases gave higher results with competitive PCR than with culture on selective Columbia-Beerens agar pH 5 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this competitive PCR allows a rapid, highly specific and reproducible quantification of Bifidobacterium genus in faecal samples. TTGE fragments co-migrating with B. longum CIP64.63 fragment were found in 10 out of 11 faecal samples. Bifidobacterium adolescentis and B. bifidum were detected in five out of 11 subjects. Thus, cPCR and PCR-TTGE can be associated in order to characterize human faecal bifidobacteria.     

Mining the microbiota of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract for conjugated linoleic acid-producing bifidobacteria

This study was designed to isolate different strains of the genus Bifidobacterium from the fecal material of neonates and to assess their ability to produce the cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer from free linoleic acid. Fecal material was collected from 24 neonates aged between 3 days and 2 months in a neonatal unit (Erinville Hospital, Cork, Ireland). A total of 46 isolates from six neonates were confirmed to be Bifidobacterium species based on a combination of the fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase assay, RAPD [random(ly) amplified polymorphic DNA] PCR, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and partial 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Interestingly, only 1 of the 11 neonates that had received antibiotic treatment produced bifidobacteria. PFGE after genomic digestion with the restriction enzyme XbaI demonstrated that the bifidobacteria population displayed considerable genomic diversity among the neonates, with each containing between one and five dominant strains, whereas 11 different macro restriction patterns were obtained. In only one case did a single strain appear in two neonates. All genetically distinct strains were then screened for CLA production after 72 h of incubation with 0.5 mg of free linoleic acid ml(-1) by using gas-liquid chromatography. The most efficient producers belonged to the species Bifidobacterium breve, of which two different strains converted 29 and 27% of the free linoleic acid to the cis-9, trans-11 isomer per microgram of dry cells, respectively. In addition, a strain of Bifidobacterium bifidum showed a conversion rate of 18%/microg dry cells. The ability of some Bifidobacterium strains to produce CLA could be another human health-promoting property linked to members of the genus, given that this metabolite has demonstrated anticarcinogenic activity in vitro and in vivo.     

荧光原位杂交法检测双歧杆菌

检验荧光原位杂交法在双歧杆菌属鉴定方面的调途。方法：采用对数生长期的８株双歧杆菌和１０析其他厌氧、需氧杆菌在相同的条件下分别与双歧杆菌属特异性１６ＳｒＲＮＡ寡核苷酸基因探针和细菌界通用１６ＳｒＲＮＡ寡核苷酸基因探针在载玻片上进行原位杂交,在荧光显微镜下观察杂交结果,拍摄同一视野的荧光显微镜照片和相关显微镜照片,计算杂交率。结果所用的双歧杆菌菌株均与两种基因探针杂交,在荧光显微镜下发校菌与黑暗背景对