九香虫抗菌肽CcAMP1的分离纯化和抗菌活性检测

【目的】从药用昆虫九香虫 Coridius chinensis 中分离纯化抗菌肽,为进一步开发九香虫抗菌肽资源及深入挖掘九香虫的药用功能奠定基础。【方法】用大肠杆菌Escherichia coli 和金黄色葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus aureus 混合物作诱导源刺激九香虫产生抗菌肽,对血淋巴进行提取、凝胶过滤层析、固相萃取及反相色谱纯化,活性组分经质谱测定。对分离得到的这种抗菌肽进行人工合成,并进行抗菌活性检测。【结果】本研究获得一种九香虫抗菌肽CcAMP1,由17个氨基酸残基组成,分子量为1 997.37 u,带1个正电荷,表面有5个疏水氨基酸。对人工合成的CcAMP1进行抗菌活性检测表明,该抗菌肽与九香虫血淋巴一样对金黄色葡萄球菌等革兰氏阳性菌和大肠杆菌等革兰氏阴性菌都有较好的抗菌活性,且对革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌活性更强。【结论】从九香虫中分离得到具有较强抗菌活性的阳离子抗菌肽CcAMP1,有较大的开发利用价值。     

Cu2+胁迫对黑水虻幼虫抗菌肽组分及抑菌活性的影响

研究不同浓度Cu~(2+)胁迫对黑水虻5龄幼虫抗菌肽分离纯化组分及抑菌活性影响,为黑水虻无害化处理粪便技术的有效实施提供有力的理论依据,为其副产品在饲料、食品及医药研发中的应用提供有价值的实验数据。本文在人工饲料中添加不同浓度Cu~(2+)(0、150、1 200 mg/kg)以饲喂黑水虻幼虫,采用金黄色葡萄球菌针刺法诱导5龄幼虫,断头收集血淋巴,高速冷冻离心结合超滤离心制备抗菌肽粗提物;利用RP-HPLC对三组抗菌肽粗提物进行分离纯化,收集各纯化峰对应组分,采用纸片琼脂扩散法测定各纯化峰对应组分的抑菌效果,以阐述Cu~(2+)胁迫对黑水虻抗菌肽的影响。结果表明,经Cu~(2+)胁迫,抗菌肽粗提物分离纯化后各组分的出峰时间及峰面积所占比例均不同,不同处理浓度下各分离组分第2峰面积均大于第1峰面积,其中150-2峰面积最大,为73.31%;分离纯化后所得6个组分对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌及白色念珠菌均有抑菌活性,对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌的抑菌活性显著高于对大肠杆菌抑菌活性,但其对金黄色葡萄球菌及白色念珠菌的抑菌活性未见显著差异;与其他5个组分相比,组分150-2对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌及大肠杆菌抑菌活性最强,抑菌直径分别为27.85±0.74 mm、28.34±0.76 mm、21.97±0.54 mm。由此可见,不同浓度的Cu~(2+)胁迫对黑水虻幼虫抗菌肽组分及抑菌活性均产生显著影响,其中组分150-2抑菌活性最强,具有很好的开发潜能。     

黄粉虫幼虫小分子量抗茵肽的分离纯化

昆虫抗菌肽具有良好的抑菌效果,有望开发成新一代抗生素。本文以金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌混合液作为诱导源,采用针刺法使黄粉虫TenebriomolitorL．幼虫感染微生物产生抗菌肽,并对抗菌肽进行了提取、色谱分离纯化及抑菌活性检测。结果显示,诱导组和对照组的三氟乙酸粗提物无抑菌活性;经SephadexG50、SuperdexPeptide凝胶色谱分离后,从诱导组和对照组均可获得对革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌有抑菌作用的组分,而且诱导组活性明显高于对照组;通过Resource15RPC反相色谱分离纯化,从诱导组获得一具有明显抑制革兰氏阳性菌的组分,质谱检测该组分为混合肽,主要由分子量为1876．21u、1904．21u的小肽组成,可能是一种比Thanatin分子量更低的昆虫抗菌肽。     

Isolation and purification of small antimicrobial peptide from larvae of mealworm, Tenebrio molitor

昆虫抗菌肽具有良好的抑菌效果,有望开发成新一代抗生素.本文以金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌混合液作为诱导源,采用针刺法使黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor L.幼虫感染微生物产生抗菌肽,并对抗菌肽进行了提取、色谱分离纯化及抑菌活性检测.结果显示,诱导组和对照组的三氟乙酸粗提物无抑菌活性;经SephadexG50、Superdex Peptide凝胶色谱分离后,从诱导组和对照组均可获得对革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌有抑菌作用的组分,而且诱导组活性明显高于对照组;通过Resource 15RPC反相色谱分离纯化,从诱导组获得一具有明显抑制革兰氏阳性菌的组分,质谱检测该组分为混合肽,主要由分子量为1 876.21u、1 904.21u的小肽组成,可能是一种比Thanatin分子量更低的昆虫抗菌肽.     

家蝇幼虫抗菌肽的超声诱导及分离纯化和活性研究

目的:分离纯化家蝇(Musca domestica)幼虫免疫血淋巴中的抗菌肽,研究抗菌肽的性质和抑菌特性.为进一步研究家蝇幼虫抗菌肽的产生及应用提供实验基础.方法:通过超声处理诱导家蝇幼虫产生免疫血淋巴,经沸水浴热变性,结合高速离心,两步CM-Sepharose离子交换层析,冷冻干燥浓缩等步骤,分离得到一种具抗菌活性的蛋白质.用Tricine-SDS-PAGE鉴定抗菌肽的纯度和性质,抑菌试验分析抗菌肽的抑菌特性.结果:300W,50Hz超声处理60s能够诱导家蝇幼虫产生抗菌肽,经分离纯化后Tricine-SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳结果显示为一条带,相对分子量大约为5.8kD.纯化蛋白对阴沟肠杆菌,绿脓杆菌等G-杆菌的抑菌活性较强,而对金黄色葡萄球菌效果不显著.结论:诱导和纯化了一种家蝇幼虫抗菌肽,为此类活性物质的分离纯化提供了有效的方式.     

家蝇幼虫抗菌肽MDL-2的电泳制备及其抗菌作用机理

通过体壁损伤和感染大肠杆菌同时诱导家蝇Musca domestica幼虫产生免疫血淋巴,经沸水浴热变性,透析浓缩处理,然后经Tricine-SDS-PAGE得到诱导前后家蝇幼虫血淋巴中蛋白差异表达条带,将该条带电泳回收,复性,抗菌活性检测等步骤,分离纯化得到抗菌肽MDL-2,其分子中富含Pro,Gly和碱性氨基酸,分子量为11 kD,对革兰氏阴性菌Escherichia coli和革兰氏阳性菌Staphylococcus aureus均有较强抗性,因此电泳制备抗菌肽的方法为此类生物微量活性物质的分离纯化提供一种行之有效的途径。通过MDL-2对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌通透性和透射电镜超微结构的图谱分析,MDL-2首先与细菌的外膜结合,然后抗菌肽形成柔性的两亲空间构象与细胞内膜作用,扰乱了膜脂分子的排列,改变了细胞膜的通透性,影响细胞膜的结构和功能,细胞膜上形成了许多孔道,同时造成细胞内的原生质扩散,并从孔道向胞外渗漏,影响了细菌的代谢系统,最终引起细胞膜破碎,细胞完全解体,从而起到抑菌杀菌作用。     

家蝇幼虫抗菌肽MDL-2对细菌细胞渗透性及代谢功能影响

研究了家蝇幼虫抗菌肽MDL-2与细菌相互作用时,抗菌肤MDL-2对细菌细胞壁的溶解作用、细胞膜渗透性和代谢的影响.抗菌肽MDL-2在抗菌过程中首先与细菌的细胞壁相互作用,使其破裂,抗菌肽对革兰氏阴性细菌大肠杆菌细胞壁的作用有浓度依赖性,而对革兰氏阳性细菌金黄色葡萄球菌MDL-2在较低的浓度时即可发生细胞壁破坏作用;抗菌...     

沼水蛙抗菌肽brevinin-2GHa1分离纯化及结构分析

目前,已自青蛙皮肤分泌物中分离获得多种具有较强抗菌活性的多肽．本文利用电刺激法自沼水蛙背腺和耳后腺获得其皮肤分泌物,利用凝胶过滤色谱(Sephadex G-50)和反相高效液相色谱 (reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, RP-HPLC)分离纯化,获得一种新型抗菌肽,命名为brevinin- 2GHa1. 抑菌实验显示,该抗菌肽对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均有抑制作用,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和沙门氏菌的最小抑制浓度分别为： 7.8、3.9、2.0 μg/mL和250.0 μg/mL. 该抗菌肽在水中为无规卷曲结构,在浓度为10 mmol/L SDS水溶液和不同浓度三氟乙醇水溶液中则呈α-螺旋结构,该抗菌肽结构的研究对阐明其抑菌机制具有重要作用.     

核糖核酸酶A超家族抗菌活性评价

抗菌肽是机体重要的免疫防御分子，具有广谱杀菌活性。核糖核酸酶A是脊椎动物特异性的分泌型蛋白质，在人基因组中包含8个经典成员(RNase1-8)。它们作为一类重要的抗菌肽，广泛分布于机体需要抵抗外界病原微生物的组织中，除了特有的生物学功能外，均具有一定的抗菌活性。然而，目前各实验室对它们抗菌活性的报道并不一致，有必要开展横向比较分析。为此，我们表达纯化了人核糖核酸酶A超家族8个成员的重组蛋白质，并在同一实验条件下以半致死浓度评估了它们对革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌)和革兰氏阳性菌(金黄色葡萄球菌)的抗菌活性。结果显示，RNase1-8重组蛋白质对大肠杆菌半数致死浓度分别为：0.081,0.046,0.008,0.250,2.028,0.072,0.001μmol·L^-1和1.1416μmol·L^-1;对金黄色葡萄球菌半数致死浓度分别为：3.427,1.856,2.211,5.188,8.274,4.356,2.502μmol·L^-1和9.916μmol·L^-1。该结果提示，RNase1-8对大肠杆菌的抗菌活...     

家蝇新型抗菌肽Muscin的基因克隆、表达模式及抑菌活性

【目的】鉴定家蝇 Musca domestica (Linnaeus)中一种新型抗菌肽(Muscin)基因,并分析其功能。【方法】通过数字基因表达谱和生物信息学分析,在家蝇转录组中筛选得到一条抗菌肽基因,命名为 muscin。以实时荧光定量PCR技术研究该基因的组织分布以及用大肠杆菌Escherichia coli和金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus混合细菌刺激后的表达量变化。并对合成肽Muscin进行抑菌活性检测及溶血率测定。【结果】muscin基因cDNA序列全长379 bp,包含完整的开放阅读框153 bp。推导Muscin多肽序列由50个氨基酸残基组成,N端含有由25个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽。成熟肽中富含疏水性氨基酸残基和带正电荷的氨基酸残基,理论等电点为9.39。基因定量结果显示 muscin 基因在血细胞和脂肪体中表达量最高。通过细菌刺激进行免疫诱导后,幼虫体内该基因的表达水平明显上调,并在6 h达到高峰。抑菌和溶血实验显示c-Muscin对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌具有广谱抑菌活性,且溶血活性较低。【结论】Muscin是一种新型的广谱抗菌肽,可能参与家蝇抗菌免疫反应,且具有一定药物开发潜质。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV