甘蓝型黄籽油菜种皮色泽QTL作图

甘蓝型黄籽油菜具有低纤维、高蛋白及高含油量的优点,因而己成为广大油菜育种工作者研究的重点之一。利用甘蓝型黑籽品系油研2号作父本,计蓝型黄籽品系GH06为母本,获得132个单株的F2群体;以AFLP和SSR为主要分析方法,构建了包括164个标记的甘蓝型油菜遗传连锁图谱,其中包括125个AFLP标记、37个SSR标记及一个RAPD和一个SCAR标记,分布在19个连锁群上,覆盖油菜基因组2549．8cM,标记间平均距离15．55cM。利用多区间作图法,对种皮色泽QTL进行分析,在第5及第19连锁群上各检测到一个QTL位点,分别解释表型变异46％及30．9％。     

甘蓝型油菜与蔊菜的原生质体融合与植株再生

以甘蓝型油菜下胚轴和蔊菜叶片为外植体提取原生质体, 采用PEG-高pH、高Ca²⁺附加DMSO的原生质体融合方法, 用液体浅层静置培养融合体, 获得了10株融合杂种, 观察了杂种形态学和细胞学。结果表明：1%纤维素酶+0.2%离析酶+3 mmol/L MES 酶解14 h 可获得较高产率的油菜原生质体, 0.25% 纤维素酶+0.5%离析酶+5 mmol/L MES酶解12 h可获得较高产率的蔊菜原生质体; 30% PEG + 0.3 mol/L葡萄糖+50 mmol/L CaCl₂•2H₂O +15%DMSO的融合条件下, 获得了10.4%的融合率; 实验所获的原生质体融合材料可作为新种质。     

油菜优质新不育系黔油2AB选育及遗传研究

利用双低油菜品种油研2号的天然不育可遗传突变株,采取田间选择和品质筛选相结合、不育株后代连续兄妹交保持纯化的定向培育方法,育成甘蓝型油菜双低不育系--黔油2AB.经田间性状和遗传鉴定表明其恢保关系有别于其它不育源,育性受两对细胞核显性基因(杂合型两型系)控制,属细胞核显性不育系;该不育系芥酸含量低于1%、硫甙含量低于30μmol/g,含油量达40%以上;其育性分明、不育性稳定而彻底;具有田间长势强、经济性状好,较抗(耐)油菜菌核病和配合力较强等优点,是开展优质杂交油菜品种选育的重要亲本材料.     

不同甘蓝型油菜高含油量种质资源的脂肪酸成分分析

甘蓝型油菜是我国最为重要的油料作物之一.目前我国面临着植物油严重不足的局面.提高含油量是目前甘蓝型油菜育种的主要方向之一.目前.我国育种工作者已经筛选出了大量含油量超过50%的甘蓝型油菜种质.本文对两种类型的高含油量甘蓝型油菜种质进行了脂肪酸组分分析,结果显示芥酸含量高的种质和芥酸含量低的种质的脂肪酸在菜籽油中变化范围和平均值明显不同.油酸和亚油酸在低芥酸高含油量甘蓝型油菜种质中的含量较高,约占整个油分的80%左右,其他脂肪酸组分则在10%以下;而芥酸则是高芥酸高含油量种质的最主要的成分,约占整个油分的44%左右,油酸、亚油酸等的含量则均在10%左右.相关性分析表明:芥酸和其他脂肪酸之间呈现显著负相关,因此.可以通过降低高芥酸油菜种质中的芥酸含量来提高比如油酸和亚油酸的含量.从而使这些种质的油分更适合人类的健康.     

油菜优质新不育系黔油2AB选育及遗传研究

利用双低油莱品种油研2号的天然不育可遗传突变株,采取田间选择和品质筛选相结合、不育株后代连续兄妹交保持纯化的定向培育方法,育成甘蓝型油莱双低不育系——黔油2AB。经田间性状和遗传鉴定表明：其恢保关系有别于其它不育源,育性受两对细胞核显性基因(杂合型两型系)控制,属细胞核显性不育系;该不育系芥酸含量低于1％、硫甙含量低于30μmol／g,含油量达40％以上;其育性分明、不育性稳定而彻底;具有田间长势强、经济性状好,较抗(耐)油菜菌核病和配合力较强等优点,是开展优质杂交油菜品种选育的重要亲本材料。     

甘蓝型油菜无花瓣矮秆新种质APL03的选育

以正常四瓣双低甘蓝型油菜品系ZH004为母本、无花瓣种质APL01为父本杂交,对无花瓣及矮秆等性状进行多代定向选择,育成APL03新种质。该种质群体无花瓣株率迭100％,单株无花瓣度〉90％,植株高度130—140cm,单株有效角果数〉400个,种子含油率高达43％-47％,兼有抗倒伏、抗耐菌核病等特性,成为培育适于全程机械化作业栽培油菜新品种的基础材料。     

利用染色体加倍技术创建油菜非整倍体

采用秋水仙素染色体加倍技术,获得了纯合黑籽甘蓝型油菜品系NJ230(Brassica napus)的染色体加倍材料(2n=76).对加倍材料连续自交3代,观察加倍材料后代染色体数目及性状变异,结果表明:(1)加倍材料当代(D1)植株矮化;(2)加倍材料自交1代群体(D2)呈现雄性不育、种子颜色等性状变异;(3)加倍材料自交2代后(D3、D4),多数植株染色体数为2n≤38;(4)获得了1个2n=32的黄籽非整倍体系.本实验为油菜非整倍体创建提供了一种可行的方法.     

甘蓝型油菜与蔊菜属间杂种后代的苗期耐湿性综合评价

以生产上应用的耐湿性存在差异的3个甘蓝型油菜品种为对照,采用盆栽模拟湿害胁迫的方法,对15份源自甘蓝型油菜与蔊菜属间杂交获得的遗传稳定的创新种质进行苗期耐湿性鉴定和综合评价。结果显示:(1)湿害抑制根系生长,导致植株变矮,叶片发黄,生物量降低,湿害对根系影响最为严重,其次是植株总生物量积累和地上部分的生长。(2)通过主成分分析和隶属函数法,将全展叶数、绿叶率、苗高、根长、地上部分鲜重、根鲜重、植株总鲜重、地上部分干重、根干重和植株总干重等10个性状指标值转化成单一的综合评价值(D值),客观、科学、准确地对参试的18份材料进行了综合评价,为甘蓝型油菜苗期耐湿性评价提供了方法参考。(3)15份创新种质除绿叶率外的9个测定指标的耐湿性系数均高于对照品种,耐湿性综合评价结果显示,15份创新种质的D值均高于渝黄2号,13份创新种质的D值高于综合抗耐性俱佳的中油821,3份创新种质的D值高于高耐湿品种中双9号,聚类得到的高耐湿类群的7份材料中创新种质占6份(85.71%)。可见,创新种质的耐湿性平均要优于对照品种,说明通过远缘杂交获得的创新种质对甘蓝型油菜的耐湿性有了较为明显的改良和提高。     

芥甘杂交黄籽油菜籽粒中植物激素的变化及其对脂肪酸成分与油脂含量的影响

以遗传背景相似、种子颜色不同的5个甘蓝型油菜品系为材料,研究甘蓝型油菜种子发育过程中玉米素核苷(ZR)、生长素(IAA)和脱落酸(ABA)含量的动态变化及其对籽粒产量和油脂成分的影响。结果表明,开花授粉后10～20 d,ZR呈上升趋势,其中黄籽中ZR较黑籽积累更快含量更高,IAA在籽粒中大量积累;开花授粉后20～25 d,黄籽中的IAA含量均显著高于黑籽;ABA浓度先呈上升趋势,逐渐积累ABA,之后开始又稍有下降然后维持在一定水平。授粉后10 d油菜籽粒油酸含量逐步升高,黄籽中的油酸、亚油酸含量均显著高于黑籽,黄籽含油量极显著高于黑籽,说明籽粒发育前期和中期较高浓度的ZR和IAA有利于油酸、亚油酸和油脂的积累。     

甘蓝型油菜PEP基因片段的克隆和种子特异性反义表达载体的构建及转基因油菜的获得

丙酮酸羧化酶(PEP)是控制油菜蛋白质/油脂含量比例的一个种子的含油量.本研究利用PCR法从甘蓝型油菜花油5号(H045)克隆了PEP基因片段,并与载体pBI121-B构建了反义PEP基因的种子特异性植物表达载体,通过激光微束穿刺法将其转化到甘蓝型油菜中,目前已获得了转基因植株.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.