博斯腾湖鱼类资源组成、体长与体重关系及生长状况

博斯腾湖为西北高原地区湖泊,1958年开始商业化渔业生产,1962年开始鱼类引种工作,半个多世纪以来湖区鱼类资源组成处于不断的变动当中。本文围绕湖区鱼类群落组成动态、当前鱼类的体长与体重关系及种群生长状况开展研究,于2019年春季(4月)、夏季(8月)、秋季(10月),通过渔具采样和渔获物调查相结合的方法,在博斯腾湖共发现鱼类17种,隶属于4目8科,其中?(Hemiculter leucisculus)、池沼公鱼(Hypomesus olidus)、鲫(Carassius auratus)为优势种,鱼类资源结构小型化问题严重。描述了15种鱼类体长-体重关系与生长情况,其中12种鱼类为正异速生长,3种鱼类为负异速生长,优势鱼类的体长-体重关系式参数b值范围2. 95～3. 56,决定系数r2值范围0. 874～0. 997。本研究所得结果可为博斯腾湖鱼类资源保护与可持续利用提供基础资料和科学支撑。     

鄱阳湖乌鳢的年龄与生长

研究了鄱阳湖鸟鳢年龄结构与生长特征.其年轮特征为典型的疏密切割型,年轮形成时间主要在3～5月;渔获群体年龄由Ⅰ～Ⅵ龄组成,优势体长为35.5～48.8 cm,优势体重为630～1224 g:体长与鳞长关系式为:L=0.8124 10.119S(r=0.96),体长与体重关系式为:W=1.73×10-2L2.95(r=0.97),属均匀生长类型,可用Von Bertalanffy生长方程来描述其体长与体重生长规律.根据鄱阳湖乌鳢资源利用的现状,建议将捕获年龄提高到4 a,相应体长45～55 cm,体重2500～2200g.     

丹江口水库凶猛鱼集团生长特性组型的聚类分析

选择体重-体长关系W=aLb中的回归系数a和回归指数b;阶段生长参数的年增长、相对增长率、体长生长比速、生长常数、生长指标和体重的年增重、相对增重率、体重生长比速、年增积量;一般生长型的渐近体长、渐近体重、生长系数、起点年龄、拐点年龄、拐点体重、拐点瞬时增重率等18个反映鱼类生长特性的指标,运用系统聚类方法,将丹江口水库5种主要凶猛鱼组成的集团,从生长特性的差异上划分为大、中、小3个组型,并对划分结果的具体应用和鱼类集团划分的依据等问题进行了讨论。       

钱塘江几种经济鱼类的生长研究

年龄鉴定以鳞片为材料。测得鳞径和体长后,求出体长鳞长各种关系式。细鳞斜颌鲴、三角鲂体长鳞长关系式以幂函数式最佳,花鲢、鲤鱼以直线式最佳。它们的体长、体重关系均适于:W=aL~b。 鱼类生长拐点,是反映鱼类体重生长过程的一个特征值,一般与鱼类的生长指标跳跃性下降时的年龄和性成熟年龄一致或接近。但也有例外,有些鱼类生长拐点落在性成熟之后、前者如细鳞斜颈鲴、三角鲂;后者如鲤鱼、花鲢。 体长生长曲线是一条趋于L_∞的渐近线,随鱼的年龄增长,体长年增长速率渐少而趋于零。 Von.Bertalarffy生长方程中的主要生物学参数L_∞、W_∞虽在实际种群中少有,但确实存在,并有一定的渔业意义。     

白鱀豚饲养的研究

饲养池水使用自来水是切实可行的。水温在冬季不低于4℃,夏季不超过33℃。白暨豚以淡水鱼类为食,其日食量一般占体重的10—11%,炎夏减到8—9%,寒冬可增到12%。豢养四年的淇淇,其体长和体重增长的关系式为:y=-237.4 2.2x。饲养的关键有二:一是水质,经常洗池换水以保持水质清洁;二是食物,饲料鱼要挑选健康、新鲜,无污染的鱼类,喂前进行消毒,每天还要给以维生素类药品,以作营养补充。     

水丰水库的池沼公鱼生物学

本文报道了1942年横断鸭绿江而成的水丰水库的池沼公鱼生物学,内容包括性状变异、年龄和生长、食性、繁殖、群体结构、群体消长变化及渔业利用。水丰水库的池沼公鱼一龄体长(到尾叉的体长,后同)74毫米,体重3克;二龄体长99毫米,体重6．5克。体长体重关系式：logW=2．5306logL-1．7590。主要以浮游动物为食,但不同栖息地点食物组成有明显差异。一龄即达性成熟;性比为1♀：1．24σ^n;个体繁殖力905-19051粒,平均4330粒;个体繁殖力Y(百粒鱼卵)与体长L(厘米)的相关方程式为Y=58.4860L-402.7606;群体增殖速度(Vp)等于1494;4至5月在水库岸边产卵,卵粘性,水温10-15℃,约经12天孵出仔鱼。群体由1-3龄3个龄组组成,1321尾标本的平均年龄为1．15;65．1-80毫米体长组的个体为主要渔获对象,占整个渔获的65．5％。池沼公鱼是目前水丰水库第一位的经济鱼类,1982年鱼产量120万斤,占总鱼产的57．8％。     

白鲢的鳞长与体重及外部形态性状的关系

为了全面地了解鱼类鳞片在鱼类生长及鱼类学的研究中的作用,本文研究了白鲢的鳞片生长与体重及形态可量性状生长的关系。结果表明:白鲢的鳞长与体重、鳞长与24个形态可量性状都呈显著的相关关系,可以从鳞片材料上反映出白鲢体型的基本特征和生长情况。在每尾鱼体上,只要测得体长、全长及鳞长便可预测此尾鱼其它可量性状及体重的数值。这将给鱼类数量分类学及鱼体生长的研究提供简捷方便的途径。 本文还讨论了白鲢的长度与体重关系的表达式,建议应根据具体情况,对鱼体长度指标——全长与体长进行选用。     

长江上游圆筒吻鮈生长与食性

2010年7月-2012年7月逐月在长江上游宜宾至万州江段采集圆筒吻鮈(Rhinogobio cylindricus Günther)样本547尾,以耳石为主要年龄鉴定材料,对其年龄结构与生长特性进行了研究,并对肠道内含物进行了分析.结果表明:耳石优于其他年龄材料,鉴定成功率为93.7％;圆筒吻鮈样本由7个年龄组组成,其中以2～4龄为主(79.89％),体长(L)与体重(W)的关系式为W=8×10-6L2.977(r2=0.955,P＜O.01),体长(L)与耳石半径(R)关系式为L=8×10-4 R2.149(r2=0.945,P＜0.01);Von Bertalanffy生长方程表达式为Lt=389.37(1-e-0.177(t+0.739)),Wt =515.26(1-e-0.177(t+0.739))2.977;体重生长拐点年龄为ti =5.44龄;圆筒吻鮈全年摄食,主要食物为藻类、软体动物、水生昆虫等,从数量百分比看,藻类和软体动物居多(93.12％),从重量百分比看,藻类、软体动物、水生昆虫占主要(78.38％),为杂食性鱼类.与历史研究对比显示,圆筒吻鮈个体已出现小型化现象,但体重变化不大.对出现的过度捕捞状态,提出了合理的渔业资源保护建议.     

张氏(餐)的繁殖生物学特性

文章对赤水河河口段张氏(餐)的繁殖生物学进行了研究.结果表明:5-9月份为其繁殖期;最小性成熟个体为雌性体长77mm,体重5.3g;雄性体长108mm,体重9.4g,均为1龄;繁殖群体性比为1.07:1,由4个年龄组组成,其中2龄个体占绝对优势.性成熟系数3-7月份逐渐增大,然后持续减小,至12月降到全年最小值.卵径(0.75±0.14)mm呈单峰型,绝对繁殖力(11010±7723)粒,相对繁殖力(275.1±138.4)粒/g,每克卵巢卵粒数(3789±1389)粒.该种为单批产卵类型鱼类.绝对繁殖力随着鱼体体长、体重和年龄的增长而增大.     

泥鳅繁殖和生长的研究

泥鳅的性成熟年龄:雌体为1—2龄,雄体为1龄。其性腺发育和性细胞特征,与鲤科鱼类基本一致。泥鳅属分批产卵类型的鱼类。在天然水域中,4—10月生殖。在一定范围内,泥鳅的生殖力随体长、体重的增长而提高。体长增长以第1—2龄最快,体重年增重率以第2龄为最高。因此,泥鳅的人工养殖周期以两年为佳;收获个体规格宜在体长为11cm以上。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.