西藏小型猪F1代与F0代生长繁殖性能的比较

目的比较研究广州地区西藏小型猪F1代与F0代引入群母猪繁殖和仔猪生长性能的差异。方法观察记录西藏小型猪F1代和F0代的产仔数、产活仔数、离乳仔数、初生重、30日龄和60日龄体重。结果西藏小型猪F1代和F0代母猪其初产平均产仔数、产活仔数、离乳仔数、平均初生重、30日龄和60日龄体重分别为3.83头、2.30头;3.29头、2.20头;3.14头、3.11头;0.66 kg、0.53 kg;2.70 kg2、.30 kg;4.50 kg、4.01 kg;F1代初产仔数和离乳率均显著高于F0代。结论西藏小型猪已经适应了广州高温高湿环境,能够稳定地生长繁殖。     

东方田鼠室内繁殖与生长发育观察

目的　探寻室内东方田鼠的繁殖与生长发育规律。方法　以F4代鼠及其仔代(F5)为对象,分别观察其繁殖与生长发育情况。结果　室内东方田鼠一年四季均具有繁殖能力,春(3～4月)秋(10～11月)两季为繁殖高峰期;雌雄单一配对比多性比配对的母鼠繁殖率明显提高;母鼠怀孕期20～21d,窝产仔数3～11只,平均(4.8±1.5)只,初生重2.5～4.4g;幼鼠3　d龄耳壳全部竖立,6～8d龄被毛长全,7～11d龄开眼,10～11d牙齿长齐;15d龄左右具有采食能力,20d龄可完全断奶;60～70d龄可见个别雌鼠阴门开孔,75～90d龄可见多数雌鼠阴门开孔和雄鼠睾丸明显下位;3月龄后体重、身长增长不显著。结论　开放式(普通级)饲养环境下,室内东方田鼠的繁殖季节、窝产仔数及初生重与野生东方田鼠基本相似;种群密度、性比对雌鼠的繁殖率有明显影响;2～3月龄为性成熟期,3～4月龄为体成熟和初配时期。但成熟时间存在个体差异,同时受饲料营养和环境因素的影响。     

肌肉生长抑制素基因5′调控区的多态性与大白猪的早期生长有关

肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin, 简称抑肌素, 又称GDF8)是骨骼肌发育的负调节因子. 本研究对猪抑肌素基因5′调控区的序列进行了克隆, 对该区段的多态性及其与大白猪初生重和早期生长的关系进行了分析. 结果表明, 猪抑肌素基因5′调控区的序列存在长度多态性和单核苷酸多态性(SNP), 其中, 在435和447位点, 由PCR-SSCP判定的2个等位基因(A和B)核苷酸序列不同: A等位基因分别为A和G, B等位基因则分别为G和A. 在所检测的大白猪群体中A和B等位基因的频率分别为0.525和0.475; 所检测的9头莱芜猪中4头为AA型, 5头为AB型, 未检测到BB型. 本研究首次发现等位基因B对大白猪21日龄(P<0.01)、28日龄(P<0.05)和70日龄体重(P<0.05)以及0~21日龄(P<0.01)、0~28日龄(P<0.05)和21~70日龄(P<0.01)的日增重等早期生长性状均具有有利效应, 加性效应值分别为(0.596±0.205)(P=0.0041), (0.498±0.200)(P=0.0136)和(1.409±0.551) kg (P=0.0112)以及(28.39±9.74)(P=0.0041), (17.78±7.15)(P=0.0136)和(37.00±16.92)g (P=0.0304), 均达到显著或极显著水平. 而对28~70日龄的日增重, 尽管BB基因型个体有较高的日增重, 但差异不显著(P>0.1).     

巴马小型猪雌猪发情和产仔特性

为了解巴马小型猪发情和产仔特性,对广西大学巴马小型猪场未育和经产雌猪与哺乳雌猪的发情、配种和产仔情况进行跟踪调查。研究表明(1)巴马小型猪雌猪初情期在120日龄(即4月龄)左右;(2)69%巴马小型猪哺乳雌猪在哺乳仔猪期间可以正常发情、排卵,配种后也可以正常受胎产仔;(3)巴马小型猪哺乳雌猪发情周期(21.1±2.2)d,比未育和经产雌猪的(19.0±1.5)d长,差异极显著(P<0.01);(4)巴马小型猪哺乳雌猪在哺乳仔猪期间(n=5)发情配种的产仔数(9.4±1.1)头/窝,与未育和经产雌猪(n=46)的(7.9±2.2)头/窝差异不显著(P>0.05),但其仔猪出生重(0.61±0.15)kg(n=47),比未育和经产雌猪的仔猪出生重(0.53±0.13)kg(n=363)要重,差异极显著(P<0.01);(5)初步确定哺乳雌猪在哺乳仔猪期间发情配种后所产雄雌仔猪比例(68%∶32%),高于未育和经产雌猪的(47%∶53%),差异极显著(P<0.01);(6)拟出巴马小型猪雌猪整个发情周期中阴道上皮细胞核固缩指数变化曲线,根据该曲线可以判断巴马小型猪处于发情周期的具体阶段。     

蝇蛹金小蜂对家蝇蛹的寄生策略

蝇蛹金小蜂Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae Rondani是家蝇Musca domestica蛹期常见寄生蜂种类。本文探讨蝇蛹金小蜂对寄主日龄的选择策略以及该寄生蜂的寿命、产卵历期和后代数量等规律。结果表明寄生蜂可利用各日龄的蝇蛹,寄生高龄期蝇蛹时,寄生蜂后代产量显著降低,既未出蜂也未出蝇的死亡蝇蛹比例显著增加;寄生蜂寿命为(11.89±6.99)d,产卵历期为(9.58±6.67)d,单个雌蜂后代产量为(33.74±18.08)头,雄性后代的发育历期显著短于雌性后代,随着寄生蜂产卵历期的延长,寄生蜂后代产量下降,雄性后代比例增加。     

厚颌鲂(Megalobrama pellegrini)的繁殖生物学特征

从长江上游一级支流龙溪河收集了1382尾厚颌鲂开展繁殖生物学研究。结果表明,厚颌鲂繁殖期为4～7月份,盛期为4～5月份,在繁殖季节可借第二性征辨别性别。繁殖群体主要由2、3龄个体组成,总性比♀∶♂＝1∶1.83。厚颌鲂2龄初次性成熟（♀∶75%;♂∶94.7%）,3龄个体全部成熟。最小性成熟雌性全长189.0mm,体长158.0mm,体重72.1g,成熟系数2.7%;雄性全长179.0mm,体长149.0mm,体重57.1g,成熟系数2.2%。厚颌鲂绝对怀卵量为(59587.22±59018)粒,相对怀卵量为(212.64±89.50)粒/g或(230.96±137.63)粒/mm,绝对怀卵量和相对怀卵量均在5龄大幅增长。比较繁殖力以3龄组最高,2、4、5龄组相近。集群繁殖需要18℃以上水温和其他一些生态因子刺激,亲鱼追逐约1h左右产卵。     

家燕的繁殖生态及雏鸟生长发育

20 0 4年3～1 0月对南充地区家燕(Hirundorustica)的繁殖生态进行了观察,研究了雏鸟生长发育模式。结果表明,家燕2月中旬迁来,9月中旬迁飞。一般年产卵2窝。4月初已见产卵,卵长径(1 9 1 8±0 90 )mm ,短径(1 4 1 8±0 41 )mm ,卵重(2 5 7±0 3 8)g。孵卵期(1 6±1 )d ,育雏期2 2～2 3d。雏鸟体长及外部器官的形态学参数可以用Logistic曲线方程很好地拟合,体长、翅长及1 3日龄前的体重增长曲线均呈“S”型。     

西藏小型猪10种猪病血清学调查

目的对西藏小型猪进行10种猪病（猪瘟、伪狂犬病、篮耳病、猪流感、圆环病毒感染、细小病毒病、乙型脑炎、弓形体病、衣原体病和布氏杆菌病）的血清学调查。方法采用ELISA或凝集试验方法对10头已注射猪瘟疫苗的原代（F0代）母猪和40头20日龄乳猪、50头第一代（F1代）3～5月龄猪进行10种猪病的血清学检测。结果猪瘟病毒、细小病毒和乙型脑炎病毒抗体阳性率分别是母猪为80.0%、80.0%、70.0%;20日龄乳猪为45.0%、25.0%、45.0%;3～5月龄猪为4.0%、76.0%、80.0%。圆环病毒抗体阳性率母猪为60.0%,20日龄乳猪为5.0%。3～5月龄猪为0%;篮耳病病毒、伪狂犬病病毒、猪流感病毒、弓形体、衣原体、布氏杆菌在不同年龄西藏小型猪中抗体阳性率均为0%。结论不同年龄西藏小型猪未受篮耳病病毒、伪狂犬病病毒、猪流感病毒、弓形体病、衣原体病、布氏杆菌病感染。     

黑水虻幼虫的耐饥力及饥饿幼虫复食后的生物学特性

【目的】旨在明确黑水虻Hermetia illucens幼虫的耐饥力及饥饿幼虫复食后的发育、生殖力等生物学特性,为评估饥饿对黑水虻后续发育的影响并指导生产实践提供依据。【方法】将不同日龄或不同体重黑水虻幼虫进行不同时长的饥饿处理,测定和分析其耐饥力与日龄、百头重的关系;对7日龄幼虫进行不同时长的饥饿处理后再复喂,测定不同饥饿时长对其预蛹出现时间、总预蛹率、预蛹重、成虫繁殖等的影响。【结果】黑水虻幼虫饥饿后的半数致死时间(LT₅₀)与日龄成指数关系,与体重呈线性相关。7日龄幼虫的耐饥力较强,LT₅₀超过了50 d,饥饿30 d时存活率仍然达到了95%。百头重小于0.5 g的个体,其LT₅₀小于30 d;百头重在2～2.5 g的个体,其LT₅₀在45～70 d。幼虫超过8日龄时或百头重超过4.5 g时,多数个体在饥饿5 d时就提前进入了后续发育阶段。7日龄幼虫饥饿40 d内复食,其预蛹率未受到影响,但预蛹重显著增加;短期饥饿(0～10 d)对其成虫产卵量无显著影响,长期饥饿(30～40 d)使其成虫产卵量显著下降;饥饿长达30 d以上时,卵孵化率也显著降低。【结论】本研究明确了不同体重或不同日龄的黑水虻幼虫都具有一定的耐饥力;饥饿幼虫复食后预蛹重显著增加。     

眉斑并脊天牛幼虫龄数及各龄特征

测定头壳宽度室内观察结果表明,眉斑并脊天牛Glenea cantor(Fabricius)幼虫有4龄。1~4龄幼虫的头壳宽度分别为(0.66±0.20),(1.45±0.20),(2.22±0.23),(3.26±0.29)mm。其龄数(Y)与幼虫头壳宽(X)度符合关系式Y=0.2975+1.1606X。在25℃条件下,1~4龄幼虫的平均龄期分别为(5.25±0.60),(4.94±0.58),(5.98±0.63)d和(22.92±1.28)d,整个幼虫期为(39.09±2.14)d。还对眉斑并脊天牛各龄幼虫的形态特征作了描述。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.