水稻蜡质基因5''上游区中31 bp序列增强基因表达的作用

为研究水稻蜡质基因 (Wx) 5’上游区中一个与胚乳核蛋白结合的 31bp序列在基因表达中的作用 ,将一系列包含或不包含此序列的长度不同的Wx启动区与 β 葡萄糖苷酸酶基因 (GUS)编码区连接 ,构建成嵌合质粒。将这些质粒通过农杆菌介导转化水稻幼胚愈伤组织 ,并分化产生转基因植株。分别测定抗性愈伤组织中与转基因植株未成熟种子胚乳中的GUS酶活性。结果表明含有 31bp序列的比不含此序列的Wx启动区使GUS报告基因的表达水平高出 2～ 3倍     

用无启动子的GUS报告基因捕获水稻基因启动子

构建了嵌合质粒p13DGUTs,它是在Ds转座子中插入了无启动子的B．葡萄糖醛酸酶报告基因(GUS),用于分离水稻基因启动子。将p13DGUTs转化粳稻品种中花11的胚性愈伤组织,获得了496个转基因植株。抗性愈伤组织与转基因植株的GUS染色与PCR分析表明整合在水稻染色体上的Ds因子都发生了随机跳跃。转基因植株T0代与部分T1代的GUS染色结果表明,M92转基因植株中Ds转座子整合位置上游的水稻基因启动子指导GUS基因的表达及表达的特性是可遗传的。文章对此方法在分离水稻基因启动子与基因上的应用进行了讨论。     

pib基因启动子及其诱导启动性初探

将pib基因上游5.7 kb区段取代pCAMBIA1301中gus基因上游的35S启动子构建了pib拟启动区-GUS+ 35S-hpt 基因表达载体pNAR604。经农杆菌介导转化水稻成熟胚愈伤,获得了转基因抗潮霉素愈伤和36株转基因水稻植株。 转基因抗性愈伤和转基因植株根的组织化学GUS活性检测表明,光照培养下的抗性愈伤和转基因植株根不能使X-gluc显色,而暗处理24 h后的抗性愈伤和定植后转基因植株的根能使X-gluc显色。转基因植株GUS荧光定量分析结果表明,GUS表达具有器官特异性,黑暗处理前根的GUS活性最高、茎次之,分别是是叶片的7倍和3倍,叶片中仅有痕量本底。24 h黑暗处理后根、茎、叶中GUS活性都有增加,且叶片中的增加比例最大,其活性仅次于根。5 mmol/L水杨酸和0.3 mol/L NaCl叶面喷施转基因植株24 h后叶片中GUS活性分别为处理前的2.7和3.6倍。初步确定pib拟启动区是一个诱导型启动子。黑暗、水杨酸和NaCl能诱导该启动子启动活性。     

糯性水稻中蜡质基因第1内含子的剪接活性

以前的研究结果表明 ,非糯性的稻米中直链淀粉的含量与各品种中蜡质基因 (Wx)第 1内含子被剪接的效率有关 ,即剪接效率高的品种直链淀粉含量也高。为弄清糯米中不含直链淀粉是否也与此内含子剪接效率有关系 ,构建了蜡质基因启动子 (来自籼稻品种2 32 )、蜡质基因第 1内含子 [来自籼稻品种 2 32 (高直链淀粉含量的品种 )或粳稻品种寒丰 6 36 6 (中、低直链淀粉含量的品种 ) ]与GUS报告基因组成的两种嵌合基因 ,将含有这两种嵌合基因的质粒分别转化进粳性糯稻品种奉糯 5 93中 ,同时还分别转化进非糯性的籼稻品种特青和粳稻品种中花 11中作为对照 ,测定它们的抗性愈伤组织与转基因植株未成熟种子胚乳中的GUS酶活性。结果表明与在非糯性的籼稻和粳稻中一样 ,这两种嵌合质粒在不合成直链淀粉的糯稻中也有相当水平的表达。从此结果可以推测 ,糯稻品种有从嵌合基因的转录本中剪接蜡质基因第 1内含子的正常能力 ,而在糯稻中缺乏直链淀粉可能是糯稻蜡质基因第1内含子中的其它突变所造成的     

水稻蜡质基因5‘上游区中31bp序列增强基因表达的作用

为研究水稻腊质基因（ＷＸ）５‘上游区中一个与胚乳核蛋白绫的３１ｂｐ在基因表达中的作用,将一系列包含或不包含此序列的长度不同的Ｗｘ启动区与β－葡萄糖苷酸酶基因（ＧＵＳ）编码区连接,成嵌合质粒。针这些质粒通过杆菌介导转化水稻幼胚愈伤组织发化产生转朱。分别测定抗性愈伤组织中与转基因株未成熟种子胚乳中的ＧＵＳ酶活性,结果表明含有３１ｂｐ序列的比不含此序列的ＷＸ启动区使ＧＵＳ报告基因的表达水平高出２～３倍。     

基于启动子捕获系统的水稻基因的分离

为了分离水稻的基因及其启动子,该实验室构建了T-DNA(GUS)结构的水稻启动子捕获系统,对其中编号为113#、T-DNA单拷贝插入、GUS报告基因为组成型表达的阳性捕获系进行了进一步分析。潮霉素筛选结合GUS组织化学染色获得了T-DNA插入的纯合株(113#-22和113#-26);Inverse法分离得到T-DNA插入位点水稻基因组DNA旁邻序列,测序和BLAST结果表明,T-DNA反方向插在水稻基因组4号染色体预测基因的内含子中;扩增T-DNA插入位点上游2kb左右DNA片段,构建启动子分析质粒转化水稻‘中花11’胚性愈伤组织,获得转基因植株,GUS组织化学染色模式与113#阳性株系一致。结果表明,该预测基因及其启动子是利用启动子捕获系统所捕获到的候选基因。     

番茄rbcS3A启动子控制的GUS融合基因在转基因水稻中的表达

为研究不同启动子用于转基因水稻,克隆了番茄Rubisco小亚基rbcS3A基因的5′上游调控区,构建了由rbcS3A启动子引导的GUS嵌合基因,并经农杆菌介导导入到水稻中。对转基因水稻植株中GUS活性的定性与定量测定结果表明,rbcS3A启动子可驱动GUS报告基因在转基因水稻植株茎和叶组织中高效表达,而在根和种子等器官中不表达或表达活性极弱,表现出一定的组织特异性。在转基因水稻中,番茄rbcS3A启动子驱动外源基因的表达不受光诱导。     

在转基因水稻植株中蜡质基因第1内含子对-基因表达影响的分析

为阐明水稻Wx基因第1内含子在整体植株的胚乳发育阶段是否确有增强基因表达的功能,以及弄清高和中、低直链淀粉含量的水稻品种Wx基因第1内含子1 126个碱基之间有差异的16个碱基中哪几个碱基影响了该内含子的正常剪接从而降低了基因的表达水平,我们分别用高直链淀粉含量品种的Wx基因翻译起始密码子ATG上游3.1和2.1 kb片段与GUS基因编码区融合构建成嵌合质粒,并在此基础上,(1)去除嵌合质粒中Wx基因的第1内含子;(2)将嵌合质粒Wx基因的第1内含子中(3.1 kb)与中、低直链淀粉含量的水稻品种Wx基因第1内含子有差异的6个碱基以中、低直链淀粉含量的水稻品种的碱基替换.将上述改造过的几种质粒分别转化粳稻品种中花11,测定转化植株未成熟种子胚乳中的GUS活性.结果表明第1内含子的缺失或此内含子的5′端剪接点上的碱基G以T替换均造成GUS活性的急剧下降,说明第l内含子在植株体内的确有增强基因表达的功能,而且在中、低直链淀粉含量的水稻品种中Wx基因第1内含子5′端剪接点上自然存在的G→T突变是造成这些品种中该内含子剪接不正常、从而使Wx基因表达水平和直链淀粉含量下降的主要原因.     

内含子数量改变GUS基因的瞬时表达调控

内含子是基因的重要组成部分,它与功能基因表达之间的关系越来越被重视.本研究以pCAMBIA3301为载体,利用玉米泛素启动子Ubi1和水稻肌动蛋白启动子Actin1构建两个GUS基因表达载体p33U1和p33A1,同时设置3个对照载体.通过基因枪轰击法将上述载体转入水稻胚性愈伤组织,探讨内含子对外源目的基因表达的调控作用.组织化学检测结果表明:CaMV35S启动子调控下的iGUS (带内含子)基因能够顺利表达;同样,Actin1启动子(带内含子)调控下的不带内含子的GUS基因也可以正常表达,而当Actin1启动子(带内含子)驱动iGUS基因时,则导致GUS染色反应不能发生.Ubi1启动子(带内含子)调控GUS基因的瞬时表达也得出类似结果,证明表达框中内含子的数量为1个或两个时,对GUS基因的表达起到了不同的调控作用.本研究结果对植物表达载体构建及功能基因表达都具有指导意义.     

RTS启动子与GUS的嵌合基因在转基因水稻花药中的专一性表达

通过PCR扩增 ,从籼稻品种IR36中克隆了RTS启动子的DNA片段 ;序列分析表明 ,所克隆的DNA片段含 12 5 7个核苷酸 ,与Lee等 (1996 )报告的序列比较 ,核苷酸同源性为 97.1% ;将 - 12 2 8～ 2 5的RTS启动子区段与GUS编码区组成的嵌合基因插入双元载体的T DNA中 ,经根癌农杆菌介导转化 ,得到转基因水稻植株。GUS活力检测表明 ,此嵌合基因不仅能在花药绒毡层 ,而且还在花药表皮细胞、药室内壁以及花粉中表达 ,而 - 783～ 2 5的 5’上游区与GUS编码区组成的嵌合基因则未在转基因水稻的花药中检测到其表达。     

Intragenic control of expression of a rice MADS box gene OsMADS1

OsMADS1 is a rice MADS box gene necessary for floral development. To identify the key cis-regulatory regions for its expression, we utilized transgenic rice plants expressing GUS fusion constructs. Histochemical analysis revealed that the 5.7-kb OsMADS1 intragenic sequences, encompassing exon 1, intron 1, and a part of exon 2, together with the 1.9-kb 5' upstream promoter region, are required for the GUS expression pattern that coincides with flower-preferential expression of OsMADS1. In contrast, the 5' upstream promoter sequence lacking this intragenic region caused ectopic expression of the reporter gene in both vegetative and reproductive tissues. Notably, incorporation of the intragenic region into the CaMV35S promoter directed the GUS expression pattern similar to that of the endogenous spatial expression of OsMADS1 in flowers. In addition, our transient gene expression assay revealed that the large first intron following the CaMV35S minimal promoter enhances flower-preferential expression of GUS. These results suggest that the OsMADS1 intragenic sequence, largely intron 1, contains a key regulatory region(s) essential for expression.     

OsBP-73, a rice gene,encodes a novel DNA-binding protein with a SAP-like domain and its genetic interference by double-stranded RNA inhibits rice growth

The SAP domain is a recently defined DNA binding domain that forms a helix-extended-helix structure. SAP proteins have been implicated in nuclear architecture and/or RNA metabolism. In this paper, we describe the cloning and characterization of a rice gene, OsBP-73, encoding a 375 amino acid protein with a SAP-like domain. We identified the binding sequence of OsBP-73 by gel retardation assays and southwestern blotting. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that OsBP-73 is weakly expressed in root, leaf and immature seed. OsBP-73 gene expression was also examined by histochemical studies of transgenic rice plants carrying an OsBP-73 5/GUS reporter gene. The reporter gene is mainly expressed in the tissues with high cell division activities, such as root tip, stem node, panicle and immature seed. Genetic interference of OsBP-73 gene expression by double-stranded RNA strikingly inhibits the whole plant growth but does not affect the passage from the juvenile to adult phase. These results suggest that OsBP-73 may play an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation.     

水稻sbe1启动子驱动的反义sbe-GUS融合基因在转基因水稻中的表达

为研究水稻基因启动子对外源基因在转基因水稻中表达的影响,构建了由sbe1启动子引导的反义sbe-GUS融合基因。经农杆菌介导,将不同的融合基因导入水稻中,定量测定转基因水稻植株不同组织中的GUS酶活力。结果表明,sbe1启动子可驱动反义sbe-GUS融合基因在转基因水稻植株的胚乳中高效表达,而在颖壳、胚和茎叶等组织中的表达活性较弱。证实sbe1启动子在驱动外源基因的表达上表现有明显的组织特异性。     

Gene expression enhancement mediated by the 5′ UTR intron of the rice <Emphasis Type="Italic">rubi3</Emphasis> gene varied remarkably among tissues in transgenic rice plants

Introns are important sequence elements that modulate the expression of genes. Using the GUS reporter gene driven by the promoter of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) polyubiquitin rubi3 gene, we investigated the effects of the 5' UTR intron of the rubi3 gene and the 5' terminal 27 bp of the rubi3 coding sequence on gene expression in stably transformed rice plants. While the intron enhanced GUS gene expression, the 27-bp fused to the GUS coding sequence further augmented GUS expression level, with both varying among different tissues. The intron elevated GUS gene expression mainly at mRNA accumulation level, but also stimulated enhancement at translational level. The enhancement on mRNA accumulation, as determined by realtime quantitative RT-PCR, varied remarkably with tissue type. The augmentation by the intron at translational level also differed by tissue type, but to a lesser extent. On the other hand, the 27-bp fusion further boosted GUS protein yield without affecting mRNA accumulation level, indicating stimulation at translation level, which was also affected by tissue type. The research revealed substantial variation in the magnitudes of intron-mediated enhancement of gene expression (IME) among tissues in rice plants and the importance of using transgenic plants for IME studies.     

Activity of the 5′ regulatory regions of the rice polyubiquitin <Emphasis Type="Italic">rubi3</Emphasis> gene in transgenic rice plants as analyzed by both <Emphasis Type="Italic">GUS</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">GFP</Emphasis> reporter genes

Ubiquitin is an abundant protein involved in protein degradation and cell cycle control in plants and rubi3 is a polyubiquitin gene isolated from rice (Oryza sativa L.). Using both GFP and GUS as reporter genes, we analyzed the expression pattern of the rubi3 promoter as well as the effects of the rubi3 5'-UTR (5' untranslated region) intron and the 5' terminal 27 bp of the rubi3 coding sequence on the activity of the promoter in transgenic rice plants. The rubi3 promoter with the 5'-UTR intron was active in all the tissue and cell types examined and supported more constitutive expression of reporter genes than the maize Ubi-1 promoter. The rubi3 5'-UTR intron mediated enhancement on the activity of its promoter in a tissue-specific manner but did not alter its overall expression pattern. The enhancement was particularly intense in roots, pollen grains, inner tissue of ovaries, and embryos and aleurone layers in maturing seeds. The translational fusion of the first 27 bp of the rubi3 coding sequence to GUS gene further enhanced GUS expression directed by the rubi3 promoter in all the tissues examined. The rubi3 promoter should be an important addition to the arsenal of strong and constitutive promoters for monocot transformation and biotechnology.     

The first intron of rice EPSP synthase enhances expression of foreign gene

Translatable exon sequences in pre-mRNA often are separated by non-coding introns in eu-karyotic genomes. The removal of non-coding introns from pre-mRNA and the splicing together of translatable exons sequence is an essential requirement of gene expression. DNA size of introns in a gene is 5—10 times larger than that of exon, which can store more information and is helpful for a gene during evolution[1]. In many experiments on gene expression, it is indispensable for a gene to be expresse…