肝靶向肽-抗肿瘤肽CSP-MDA-7/IL-24融合基因原核表达条件优化

目的:优化肝靶向肽-抗肿瘤肽(CSP-MDA-7/IL-24)在大肠杆菌中诱导表达的相关条件。方法:通过考察CSP-MDA-7/IL-24重组菌生长曲线,选择合适的诱导时机,通过SDS-PAGE检测CSP-MDA-7/IL-24蛋白的表达量,单因素分析诱导时间、培养基p H值、诱导温度和诱导剂IPTG浓度,在此基础上各选取5个水平进行正交实验,摸索最佳诱导表达条件。结果:培养基p H7.0、IPTG浓度0.12 mmol/L、培养温度42℃、诱导表达4 h为重组蛋白的最佳表达条件。结论:为进一步制备重组蛋白CSP-MDA-7/IL-24及评价其生物活性奠定了基础。     

棉铃虫乙醇脱氢酶原核可溶性表达条件的优化北大核心

[目的]提高棉铃虫乙醇脱氢酶(alcohol dehydrogenase,ADH)在大肠杆菌中可溶性蛋白的表达量。[方法]研究了诱导温度和诱导剂IPTG浓度对可溶性His-ADH融合蛋白表达量的影响。设置15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、37℃五个不同温度和0.2 mmol/L、0.4 mmol/L、0.6 mmol/L、0.8 mmol/L、1.0 mmol/L五个不同的IPTG诱导剂浓度分别进行原核诱导表达。基于SDS-PAGE和灰度扫描来评价可溶性融合蛋白的表达水平。[结果]表达的目的融合蛋白相对分子质量约为53 k Da,与预测的分子量大小一致,Western Blot分析表明能与His单克隆抗体特异性结合;可溶性融合蛋白的最佳诱导条件为温度25℃、IPTG浓度0.6 mmol/L。[结论]表达优化最终条件为温度25℃(相对表达量为2.21)、IPTG浓度0.6 mmol/L(相对表达量为1.14)。低温有利于可溶性蛋白的形成,诱导剂IPTG浓度并不是越高越好。     

棉铃虫乙醇脱氢酶原核可溶性表达条件的优化

[目的]提高棉铃虫乙醇脱氢酶(alcohol dehydrogenase,ADH)在大肠杆菌中可溶性蛋白的表达量。[方法]研究了诱导温度和诱导剂IPTG浓度对可溶性His-ADH融合蛋白表达量的影响。设置15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、37℃五个不同温度和0.2 mmol/L、0.4 mmol/L、0.6 mmol/L、0.8 mmol/L、1.0 mmol/L五个不同的IPTG诱导剂浓度分别进行原核诱导表达。基于SDS-PAGE和灰度扫描来评价可溶性融合蛋白的表达水平。[结果]表达的目的融合蛋白相对分子质量约为53 k Da,与预测的分子量大小一致,Western Blot分析表明能与His单克隆抗体特异性结合;可溶性融合蛋白的最佳诱导条件为温度25℃、IPTG浓度0.6 mmol/L。[结论]表达优化最终条件为温度25℃(相对表达量为2.21)、IPTG浓度0.6 mmol/L(相对表达量为1.14)。低温有利于可溶性蛋白的形成,诱导剂IPTG浓度并不是越高越好。     

家蝇抗菌肽AMPs17蛋白原核表达条件的优化及其抗真菌活性检测

目的:优化AMPs17重组蛋白的原核表达条件,分析重组蛋白的抗真菌活性。方法:比较不同的诱导温度(25℃、28℃、30℃、32℃、34℃)、异丙基硫代-β-D半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导浓度(0. 025mmol/L、0. 05mmol/L、0. 1mmol/L、0. 3mmol/L、0. 5mmol/L、0. 8mmol/L、1. 0mmol/L)和诱导时间(12h、15h、18h、21h、24h)对AMPs17重组蛋白表达量的影响,筛选AMPs17重组蛋白的最佳表达条件;采用镍离子金属螯合剂亲和层析柱对重组蛋白进行纯化,SDS-PAGE和ImageJ图像分析系统对表达结果进行分析,Western blot对AMPs17重组蛋白进行鉴定,高效液相色谱分析重组蛋白的纯度,微量液体稀释法及菌落计数法检测其抗真菌活性。结果:在诱导温度为32℃、IPTG浓度为0. 05mmol/L的条件下诱导培养15h,AMPs17重组蛋白的表达量最高且最为稳定;HPLC色谱仪分析显示AMPs17重组蛋白纯度可达到90%以上;优化后的AMPs17重组蛋白能有效抑制白色念珠菌的生长。结论:优化了家蝇抗菌肽AMPs17的诱导表达条件,获得了高表达、稳定且具有抗真菌活性的蛋白质,为后续抗菌机制及应用研究提供一定的实验基础。     

H5N1亚型禽流感病毒血凝素基因的原核表达及间接ELISA方法的初步建立

根据GenBank公布的H5N1亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)血凝素(HA)基因序列设计引物,用PCR方法扩增H5N1亚型禽流感病毒HA1基因, 将该片段定向插入到原核表达载体pET_32a(+)中,构建原核表达载体pET_HA1。阳性质粒转化宿主菌BL21(DE3), 经IPTG诱导, HA1基因获得表达, 重组蛋白以包涵体的形式存在。通过改变IPTG的浓度和诱导时间 , 确定了表达HA1基因的最佳诱导条件: IPTG终浓度为0.8mmol/L,诱导时间为3h。Western blot分析表明表达产物具有良好的免疫学活性。以纯化的表达产物作为诊断抗原建立了检测H5亚型AIV抗体的iHA_ELISA方法。结果表明,抗原的最佳包被浓度为4μg/mL,血清的最佳稀释度为1∶200, 阳性标准初步定为：OD待检血清＞05,且 OD待检血清/OD阴性血清＞2。     

小鼠卵ZP3蛋白的可溶性表达、纯化及免疫活性鉴定

哺乳动物卵透明带3(Zona pellucida 3,ZP3)在诱导获能精子发生顶体反应中发挥着重要作用,其在大肠杆菌中主要以包涵体形式表达。本研究在大肠杆菌中诱导表达可溶性的mZP3融合蛋白,并鉴定该蛋白的免疫活性。将小鼠卵透明带3克隆至pMAL-p2x质粒,转化至大肠杆菌BL21表达菌中。用不同温度、不同IPTG浓度、不同诱导时间及不同浓度的添加剂诱导目的蛋白表达,以筛选出mZP3融合蛋白可溶性表达的最佳条件。大量表达纯化后以Western blotting和ELISA检测蛋白的免疫活性。酶切鉴定及DNA测序表明mZP3已克隆入pMAL-p2x质粒。经优化诱导表达条件,筛选出mZP3融合蛋白可溶性表达的最佳条件为:当A600为0.6时添加0.02 mol/L葡萄糖,以0.6 mmol/L IPTG于25oC条件下诱导表达4 h。ELISA及Western blotting检测结果表明诱导表达的蛋白具有免疫活性。在大肠杆菌中表达并纯化获得可溶性mZP3蛋白,为mZP3免疫不育疫苗研制及其免疫效果检测提供了可溶性抗原。     

集胞藻PCC 6803蛋白SpPhaB和SpPhaE的原核表达及结晶条件筛选

【目的】克隆蓝藻集胞藻PCC 6803 SpPhaB和SpPhaE的编码基因并构建原核表达载体,优化培养条件以提高在大肠杆菌中可溶蛋白的表达量,筛选SpPhaB结晶条件,为PHB家族蛋白的结构与功能研究提供基础。【方法】克隆集胞藻PCC 6803 PHB合成途径的phaB、phaE基因,将phaB、phaE基因构建到表达载体pET28a中,优化IPTG浓度、诱导温度和诱导时间,提高在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中SpPhaB和SpPhaE可溶蛋白的表达产量,经Ni柱亲和层析纯化分别获得His-SpPhaB和His-SpPhaE蛋白,进一步筛选SpPhaB结晶条件。【结果】构建了pET28a-SpPhaB和pET28a-SpPhaE表达载体;优化获得SpPhaB可溶蛋白的最佳表达条件为：诱导温度37 °C、转速220 r/min、IPTG浓度0.1 mmol/L、诱导时间7 h;SpPhaE的可溶性蛋白最佳表达条件为：诱导温度25 °C、转速220 r/min、IPTG浓度0.5 mmol/L、诱导时间7 h,并获得了SpPhaB的结晶条件。【结论】构建了具有高效表达可溶的集胞藻PCC 6803 SpPhaB和SpPhaE的原核表达系统,并筛选优化了SpPhaB的结晶条件,为研究SpPhaB蛋白的结构及功能奠定了基础。     

可溶性泛素样特异性蛋白酶1的表达及活性鉴定

目的:高效可溶性表达泛素样特异性蛋白酶1(ULP1)。方法:根据大肠杆菌密码子的偏好性优化合成编码ULP1的基因片段序列,将其克隆到原核表达载体p GEX-6P-1中,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),用0.5 mmol/L IPTG于37℃诱导表达8 h,观察重组蛋白ULP1的表达情况;优化诱导时间及IPTG浓度,并鉴定重组蛋白ULP1的生物学活性。结果:重组蛋白ULP1表达的最佳条件为37℃、0.1 mmol/L的IPTG诱导表达5 h,目的蛋白以可溶性表达为主;Western印迹结果表明,重组蛋白ULP1能够被His单克隆抗体识别,重组蛋白ULP1能够特异性酶切SUMO-GFP。结论:表达了具有生物学活性的SUMO蛋白酶ULP1。     

单纯疱疹病毒1型囊膜糖蛋白gD在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化及其免疫活性的鉴定

目的:在大肠杆菌中表达1型单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-1)囊膜糖蛋白gD,纯化重组蛋白并对其免疫活性进行鉴定。方法:将HSV-1 gD 基因克隆入原核表达载体pET-28b,利用异丙基-B-D-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导重组质粒转化的大肠杆菌,探讨IPTG浓度、诱导时间、诱导温度对重组蛋白表达的影响;盐酸胍裂解变性包涵体,镍柱亲和层析法纯化gD蛋白,并对纯化后的蛋白进行透析复性;Western blot和ELISA检测gD蛋白的免疫活性。结果:酶切和测序结果表明gD基因克隆入pET-28b载体。该重组质粒转化的大肠杆菌经IPTG诱导后重组蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在,大小约40kDa。gD蛋白诱导表达的最佳条件为0.5mmol/L IPTG于37℃诱导8h。镍柱亲和层析法纯化获得的gD蛋白总量为3.1mg/L,透析复性后获得的gD蛋白总量为1.3mg/L,复性率为41.37%。Western blot及ELISA检测表明表达的gD蛋白具有免疫活性。结论:在大肠杆菌中表达并纯化获得具有免疫活性的HSV-1 gD蛋白,为进一步制备HSV-1诊断试剂和预防疫苗奠定了基础。     

H9N2亚型AIVHA基因的原核表达及间接ELISA方法的建立

根据GenBank公开发表的禽流感病毒(AvianInfluenzaVirus,AIV)H9N2亚型血凝素基因(HA)序列设计引物,用PCR方法从重组质粒pUCHA中扩增H9N2亚型禽流感病毒去除信号肽的血凝素基因,将该片段定向插入到原核表达载体pET32a(+)中,构建原核表达载体pETHA。阳性质粒转化宿主菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导,HA基因获得表达,经定位分析,目的蛋白以包涵体的形式存在于大肠杆菌中。通过改变IPTG的浓度和诱导时间,确定了表达HA基因的最佳诱导条件:IPTG终浓度为0.7mmol/L,诱导时间为3h。Westernblot分析表明,重组蛋白能与H9N2亚型AIV阳性血清发生特异性反应。以纯化后表达产物作为诊断抗原包被酶标板建立了检测H9亚型AIV抗体的间接ELISA方法。结果表明,抗原的最佳包被浓度为25μg/mL,血清的最佳稀释度为1∶80,阳性标准初步定为:OD待检血清>0.5且OD标准阳性血清>1.0;OD标准阴性血清<0.1。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.