关于停止使用"同翅目Homoptera" 目名的建议

长期以来,在我国昆虫学界,“同翅目Homoptera”和半翅目Hemiptera一直被作为2个并列的昆虫目被广泛使用。传统的“同翅目”被分为3亚目10总科,即鞘喙亚目Coleorrhyncha(包括膜翅蝽总科Peloridioidea)、胸喙亚目Stemorrhyncha(包括木虱总科Psylloidea、粉虱总科Aleyrodoidea、蚧总科Coccoidea和蚜总科Aphidoidea)和头喙亚目Auchenorrhyncha[包括蜡蝉子亚目Fulgoromorpha(包括蜡蝉总科Fulgoroidea)和蝉子亚目Cicadomorpha(包括蝉总科Cicadoidea、沫蝉总科Cercopoidea、叶蝉总科Cicadelloidea和角蝉总科Membracoidea)]。近年来,形态学及分子学特征数据的支序分析研究表明,木虱总科、粉虱总科、蚧总科、蚜总科、蜡蝉总科、蝉总科、沫蝉总科、角蝉总科都是单系群;鞘喙亚目、胸喙亚目、蝉子亚目及蜡蝉子亚目也都是单系群,其相互之间的系统发育关系为：胸喙亚目 (蝉子亚目 (蜡蝉子亚目 (鞘喙亚目 异翅亚目(蝽类)))),它们共同组成了单系的半翅目Hemiptera。系统发育分析表明,在半翅目中,鞘喙亚目与异翅亚目具有最近的亲缘关系,蜡蝉子亚目与鞘喙亚目 异翅亚目是姊妹群,蝉子亚目是蜡蝉子亚目 (鞘喙亚目 异翅亚目)的姐妹群,胸喙亚目是半翅目中最早和最原始的一个分枝。因此传统的“同翅目”并不是一个自然的单系类群,而是一个人为的并系类群。目前,在国际昆虫学界,“同翅目”作为一个人为的并系类群已得到公认和普遍接受,并已不再作为昆虫纲的一个有效目被使用。然而,“同翅目”作为昆虫纲的一个有效目在国内一直被广泛使用,为此,作者建议我国的昆虫学工作者今后应停止使用“同翅目”这一人为的并系目名而使用单系的半翅目目名,即将长期以来一直置于“同翅目”的木虱、粉虱、蚧虫、蚜虫、蝉、沫蝉、叶蝉、角蝉及蜡蝉类昆虫与蝽类昆虫一起作为半翅目的成员对待。     

盲蝽科昆虫的分类系统概述

依据目前已有的资料 ,概述了盲蝽科昆虫的分类系统。盲蝽科隶属于半翅目异翅亚目臭虫型的盲蝽总科 ,这在半翅目学者中意见一致。但关于盲蝽科亚科及族级水平的分类系统观点不一。最合理的为 6亚科及 8亚科的分类系统。8亚科分类系统是目前最被接受和应用的系统。     

基于四个Hox基因的水生蝽类昆虫（半翅目-异翅亚目：蝎蝽次目）系统发育研究

本研究选取了水生的蝎蝽次目(半翅目:异翅亚目)10科的11种为代表种,扩增了蛋白编码基因-四个Hox基因(abd-A,Dfd,Ubx和pb)的部分片段,利用最大似然法和贝叶斯方法分析了蝎蝽次目总科或科间的系统发育关系。研究结果如下:支持蝎蝽次目、潜蝽总科(盖蝽科+潜蝽科)、蝎蝽总科(负子蝽科+蝎蝽科)、蜍蝽总科(蜍蝽科+蟾蝽科)以及固蝽总科(固蝽科+蚤蝽科)的单系性;蜍蝽总科为蝎蝽次目的基部分支;仰蝽总科只包括仰蝽科,并与(固蝽总科+潜蝽总科)形成新的姐妹群关系;蝎蝽总科与划蝽总科为姐妹群;表明Hox基因在解决异翅亚目总科间或科间的系统发育关系上,是适合的分子标记。     

缘蝽科的比较形态学研究Ⅲ（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）

缘蝽科的比较形态学研究　Ⅲ（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）李新正（中国科学院海洋研究所青岛２６６０７１）１５棒缘蝽亚科（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｐｈｌｏｅｉｎａｅ）（图６８—８３）棒缘蝽类包括２８个属,除ＶｉｌｇａＳｔａｌ为新世界分布,ＣｅｒａｌｅｐｔｕｓＣｏｓｔａ和颗缘...     

贵州栉鞭蝽新种记述：（半翅目：异翅亚目：鞭蝽科）

本文报道贵州省新记录的鞭蝽科(Dipsocoridae)栉鞭蝽属(Ceratocombus Signoret)1新种。模式标本存放于南开大学生物系。贵州栉鞭蝽Ceratocombus guizhouensis Ren et Yang,新种(图1-7) 雄虫及雌虫均为大翅型个体,体淡棕黄色,触角、喙、各足及腹部(除尾节外)为淡黄色。     

缘蝽科的比较形态学研究Ⅱ（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）

缘蝽科的比较形态学研究Ⅱ（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）李新正（中国科学院海洋研究所青岛２６６０７１）６缘蝽族（ＣｏｒｅｉｎｉＬｅａｃｈ）（图２８—３０）繁复庞杂的一类,世界性分布,中、南美的属相对较多。历史上曾有几次将该类群分成若干族或亚族的尝试（Ｂｅｒｇｒ...     

前翅鞘翅型的蝽类昆虫

鞘翅型蝽类昆虫前翅发达,与甲虫的前翅相似。类群涉及鞭蝽型、蝎蝽型、细蝽型、臭虫型、蝽型中的栉蝽科、裂蝽科、小潜蝽科、固蝽科、蚤蝽科、涯蝽科、网蝽科、盲蝽科、长蝽科、缘蝽科共10个科。它们的生境多样,包括水底小石块下面、水生植物上、海岸潮间区石隙中、蚂蚁巢穴中、沙漠灌木植物上、土中、沙砾中、枯枝落叶层和苔藓上,这些生境的共同点是其对前翅的保护功能的选择压力明显大于对前翅飞行功能的选择压力。此类昆虫的前翅特化的类型分为两类,一类膜区完全退化或极度退化,由革区和爪区(愈合或不愈合)构成鞘质前翅的主体;另一类膜区发达,占鞘质前翅的主体;大部分前翅鞘质化的蝽类属于第一种类型;仅个别长蝽科的昆虫属于第二类,如巨膜长蝽Jakowleffiasetulosa(Jakowleff)。     

天目山半翅目昆虫新种记述(半翅目:显角亚目)

最近作者在检查浙江天目山土壤动物调查所得的半翅目昆虫标本时发现3新种,分属于网蝽科、扁蝽科和长蝽科。现记述如下。模式标本除文中注明者外,其余全部存放于中国科学院上海昆虫研究所。     

中国的纹唇盲蝽属和喙盲蝽属(半翅目:盲蝽科)

本文共记载:1,盲蝽科纹唇盲蝽属Charagochilus Fieber 7个中国种,其中包括3个新种:邻纹唇盲蝽Ch. similis sp. nov., 玉龙纹唇盲蝽Ch. yulongensis sp. nov., 淡领蚊唇盲蝽Ch. pallidicollis sp. nov.;1个中国新记录种:狭领纹唇盲蝽Ch. angusticollis Linnavuori;将Proboscidocoris taivanus Poppius 1915移入Charagochilus属;并对Charagochilus gyllenhali (Fallen)的中国记录提出疑问。2,喙盲蝽属Proboscidocoris Reuter 1种:马来喙盲蝽P. malayus Reuter(中国新记录)。     

中国的伊缘蝽属(半翅目:姬缘蝽科)

姬缘蝽科(Rhopalidae)为缘蝽总科(Coreoidea)中的一个类群。许多分类工作者曾将其视为缘蝽科(Coreidae)的一个亚科,如China ＆ Miller(1959)、萧等(1977)等。但近代多数半翅目学者则赞成独立为科的意见(Southwood ＆ Leston 1959、Stichel 1961、Kerzhner ＆     

朝鲜南部的Pseudogl yptagnostus(三叶虫)并论朝鲜寒武纪斜坡相的意义

朝鲜南部Ｍａｃｈａｒｉ组Ｏｌｅｎｏｉｄｅｓ带的Ａｇｎｏｓｔｕｓ（Ｐｔｙｃｈａｇｎｏｓｔｕｓ？）ｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ Ｋｏｂａｙａｓｂｈｉ一种应归于Ａｇｎｏｓ－ｔｏｔｅｓ（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｇｌｙｐｔａｇｎｏｓｔｕｓ）Ｌｕ,１９６４一属,时代是晚寒武世长山期,不是早期中寒琥世,小林贞一的Ｏｌｅｎｏｉｄｅｓ带是中及晚寒武三叶虫混杂在一起的一个化石带。他建立的该组５个化石带也有问题。Ｃｏｒｅｏｌｅｎｕｓ,Ｃｈ     

中国狂蛛属一新纪录种记述(蜘蛛目:平腹蛛科)

记述采自我国内蒙古的平腹蛛科农蛛属1新纪录种：韩狂蛛Zelotes keumjeungsanensis Paik,1986。     

日本对虾野生种群和养殖群体的同功酶遗传变异

ＰｅｎａｅｉｄｓｈｒｉｍｐＰｅｎａｅｕｓｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓ ,ｃｏｍｍｏｎｌｙｎａｍｅｄａｓＦｌｏｗｅｒｙＳｈｒｉｍｐｏｒＢａｎｄｅｄＳｈｒｉｍｐ ,ｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｃｏｍｍｅｒ ｃｉａｌｌｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｏｆｍａｒｉｎｅｃｒｕｓｔａｃｅａｎｆｉｓｈｅｒｙｉｎＣｈｉｎａ .Ｂｅｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｗａｒｍ ｗａｔｅｒｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｎｇｓｈｏｒｔｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅｍｉｇｒａ ｔｉｏｎ,ｔｈｅａｎｉｍａｌｉｓｍａｉｎｌｙｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｃｏａｓｔａｌｗａ…     

突大叶蝉属三新种：（同翅目：叶蝉总科）

本文记述同翅目Ｈｏｍｏｐｔｅｒａ叶蝉总科Ｃｉｃａｄｅｌｌｏｉｄｅａ大叶蝉科Ｃｉｃａｄｅｌｌｉｄａｅ突大叶蝉属Ｇｕｎｕｎｇｉｄｉａ三新种。红颜突大叶蝉Ｇｕｎｕｎｇｉｄｉａ ｒｕｎｕｎｇｉｄｉａ ｒｕｂｅｓｃｅｎｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,锈面突大叶蝉Ｇ．ｒｕｂｉｇｉｎｏｓｅ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．与白翅突大叶蝉Ｇ．ａｌｂａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。采自中国南方。     

斑痣盘菌科一新种及一新组合

报道斑痣盘菌科的两个寄生种,即生于茶树Camelliasinensis(L.)Kuntze枝梢上的硬湿皮盘菌新种HypoheliondurumY.R.Lin,C.L.Hou&S.J.Wangsp.nov.和生于青杄PiceawilsoniiMast.针叶上的线孢小沟盘菌新组合Lirulafiliformis(Darker)Y.R.Lin&S.J.Wangcomb.nov.。湿皮盘菌属HypohelionJohnston同时为中国新记录属。对此二种进行了汉文描述、图解和讨论,新种附有拉丁文特征简介。供研究标本保藏于安徽农业大学森林保护教研室(AAUFP)。     

Diplectanids infesting the gills of the barramundi Lates calcarifer (Bloch) (Perciformes: Centropomidae), with the proposal of Laticola n. g. (Monogenoidea: Diplectanidae)

Four species of the Monogenoidea, Laticola lingaoensis n. sp., L. latesi (Tripathi, 1957) n. comb. [previously Pseudorhabdosynochus latesi (Tripathi, 1957) Kritsky & Beverley-Burton, 1986], L. paralatesi (Nagibina, 1976) n. comb. [previously Diplectanum paralatesi Nagibina, 1976] and Diplectanum penangi Liang & Leong, 1991, are reported from the gills of Lates calcarifer (Centropomidae) from the South China Sea (new geographical records for L. latesi and D. penangi). Collections from off Bathurst Island, Northern Territory, Australia, represent a new geographic record for L. paralatesi; Chilka Lake, Orissa, India, is established as the type-locality for L. latesi. Laticola n. g. (Diplectanidae) is proposed for species with a spoon-shaped copulatory organ with two to four concentric incomplete ridges in the base. Laticola lingaoensis, the type-species of Laticola, is described, and L. latesi and L. paralatesi are redescribed based on specimens from the South China Sea. Pseudorhabdosynochus monosquamodiscusi Balasuriya & Leong, 1995 and Pseudorhabdosynochus yangjiangenesis Wu & Li, 2005 are considered junior subjective synonyms of L. latesi and L. paralatesi, respectively.     

The epidermal growth factor receptor from prostate cells is dephosphorylated by a prostate-specific phosphotyrosyl phosphatase.

Human prostatic acid phosphatase (PAcP) has been found to have phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatase activity (H. C. Li, J. Chernoff, L. B. Chen, and A. Kirschonbaun, Eur. J. Biochem. 138:45-51, 1984; M.-F. Lin and G. M. Clinton, Biochem. J. 235:351-357, 1986) and has been suggested to negatively regulate phosphotyrosine levels, at least in part, by inhibition of tyrosine protein kinase activity (M.-F. Lin and G. M. Clinton, Adv. Protein Phosphatases 4:199-228, 1987; M.-F. Lin, C. L. Lee, and G. M. Clinton, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:4753-4757, 1986). We investigated the molecular interaction of PAcP with a specific tyrosine kinase, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, from prostate carcinoma cells. Of several proteins phosphorylated in membrane vesicles from prostate carcinoma cells, PAcP selectively dephosphorylated the EGF receptor. The prostate EGF receptor was more efficiently dephosphorylated by PAcP than by another phosphotyrosyl phosphatase, potato acid phosphatase. Further characterization of the interaction of PAcP with the EGF receptor revealed that the optimal rate of dephosphorylation occurred at neutral rather than at acid pH. Thus, the enzyme that we formerly referred to as PAcP we now call prostatic phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatase. Hydrolysis of phosphate from tyrosine residues in the immunoprecipitated EGF receptor catalyzed by purified prostatic phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatase caused a 40 to 50% decrease in the receptor tyrosine kinase activity with angiotensin as the substrate. In contrast, autophosphorylation of the receptor was associated with an increase in tyrosine kinase activity.     

Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on Elatostema (Urticaceae) from China and its adjacent area

Based on examination of specimens and field observations of Elatostema J. R. Forster & G. Forster (Urticaceae) from China and its adjacent area, one new species, E. vietnamense Q. Lin & L. D. Duan from Bach Ma Natl. Park, Thua Thien‐Hue Province, Vietnam, is described and illustrated. Pellionia ambigua Wedd. from Khasi Hills, Churra, Assam (=Meghalaya), India and P. rhizomatosa Gagnep. from Annam, Vietnam are transferred as Elatostema ambiguum (Wedd.) Q. Lin and E. rhizomatosum (Gagnep.) Q. Lin, respectively. Elatostema glochidioides W. T. Wang from Guangxi and Guizhou and Provinces, China is regarded as a new synonym of E. ramosissimum Rein.     

海南果实蝇属分类研究及二新种记述(双翅目,实蝇科,寡鬃实蝇亚科)

以2000～2004年间海南省实蝇监测和野外采集的标本为材料,对海南果实蝇属Bactrocera Macquart进行了分类研究.除记述下列2新种:二条果实蝇B.(Bactrocera)bivittata Lin et Wang,sp.nov,黄盾短条果实蝇Bactrocera (B.)flavoscutellata Lin et Wang,sp.nov.并附特征图外,还提供海南果实蝇属分种检索表.新种模式标本保存于海南出入境检验检疫局,海口.     

A reinterpretation of Rangea schneiderhoehni and the discovery of a related new fossil from the Nama Group, South West Africa

Two new specimens of Rangea schneiderhoehni Gürich 1930 and a new fossil are here described from the Nama Group of South West Africa. A careful study of the two Rangea specimens and a reexamination of the holotype shows that R. schneiderhoehni forma plana and R. schneiderhoehni forma turgida are the same species as already suggested by Gürich, Richter, and Pflug, that the puzzling outer flange of forma plana is part of an underlying second leaf-like body, and that the Ediacara 'Rangea' does not belong to the genus Rangea . Here, therefore, it is introduced as the genus Glaessnerina . The new fossil, Nasepia altae , is related to Pteridinium simplex Gürich 1930 and Rangea schneiderhoehni Gürich 1930, and also to the problematic fossil Namalia villiersiensis Germs 1968.