电针足三里穴对胃电的影响

目的:探讨电针大鼠足三里穴对胃动力的调节.方法:将大鼠随机分成足三里组、非经非穴组、非针刺对照组.观察电针后胃电的变化.结果:选取胃动过缓分布＞1/3(Ⅰ)及胃动过速分布＞1/3(Ⅱ)的各组数据进行统计学分析,胃电图表明:①各组Ⅰ的例数均比Ⅱ的例数多;②在Ⅰ或Ⅱ中,足三里组比其余两组的例数多、平均频率分布率多;③在Ⅰ中,足三里组比其余两组的平均主频慢.结论:电针足三里穴对大鼠胃电具有双向调节作用,以抑制作用为主.     

针刺在调控胃动力作用中对Cajal细胞影响

目的:观察针刺足三里穴引起胃电活动变化以及时胃电起搏区Cajal间质细胞(interstitial cells of cajal,ICCs)的影响.方法:将大鼠随机分成足三里组、非经非穴组、非针刺对照组,观察电针后胃电的变化,采用免疫组化荧光标记的方法,同步观察针刺足三里穴对ICCs的激活.结果:电针足三里穴可以使胃电的频率及波幅均增高;电针足三里穴能增加肌间神经丛和肌层ICCs的表达.结论:电针足三里穴对胃有明显促进作用;电针足三里穴促进胃运动的机制可能通过激活起搏胃肠动力的ICCs实现的.     

电针足三里穴对糖尿病胃轻瘫大鼠延髓多巴胺能神经元和 星形胶质细胞活性的影响

目的:研究电针足三里穴对糖尿病胃轻瘫大鼠延髓多巴胺能神经元内酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase,TH)和星形胶质细胞内胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein,GFAP)表达的影响。方法:32只实验大鼠分为空白对照(空白)组、糖尿病胃轻瘫模型(模型)组、模型组+电针足三里穴(足三里)组和模型组+电针非经非穴(非经非穴)组(每组8只)。模型制备采用腹腔注射5%四氧嘧啶和熟地灌胃诱导的方法。实验3周后取大鼠延髓进行抗TH和抗GFAP的单一和双重免疫组化染色,观察并记数TH和GFAP在延髓内的表达。结果:与空白组比较,各实验组TH阳性多巴胺能神经元和GFAP阳性星形胶质细胞集中表达于延髓迷走孤束复合体内,有明显的定位特点;高倍镜下观察到TH阳性神经元周围有大量GFAP阳性星形胶质细胞包绕。各组TH和GFAP表达以模型组最高;而足三里组TH阳性多巴胺能神经元数量明显减少(31.3±4.4→16.8±3.2),GFAP阳性产物表达明显降低(113.8±7.6→95.4±8.4),且它们之间有统计学意义(P<0.01);非经非穴组与模型组之间差异没有统计学意义。结论:针刺调节糖尿病胃运动功能障碍大鼠与其调控延髓多巴胺能神经元及其周围的星形胶质细胞功能活动有关。     

基于Wnt/β-catenin信号转导通路的电针抗抑郁中枢效应机制研究

目的:基于Wnt/β-catenin信号转导通路探究电针抗抑郁中枢效应机制。方法:运用随机数字表法将144只SD大鼠分为空白、模型、电针及西药组,每组又分别依据干预时间进一步分为7d、14d、21d 3个亚组。空白组不接受任何刺激。模型组大鼠采取禁食等方式构建CUMS抑郁大鼠模型。电针组选取百会、神庭穴施以电针。西药组每日灌胃给予氟西汀。分别于第1d、7d、14d、21d观测大鼠行为学指标改变情况。采用蛋白免疫印迹法检测大鼠海马内Wnt/β-catenin信号转导通路中关键蛋白表达。结果:模型组大鼠OFT、SPT评分均较空白组有所下降,体质量减轻,电针组和西药组OFT、SPT评分及体质量检测则较模型组明显上升(P0.05)。模型组各亚组大鼠wnt1及β-catenin蛋白表达水平下降,GSK-3β蛋白表达水平有所上升,与模型组相比,电针及西药组大鼠Wnt/β-catenin通路中蛋白含量趋近正常水平,且两组与模型组组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:电针可通过调控海马内Wnt/β-catenin信号转导通路中关键蛋白的表达,减轻抑郁症状。     

清瘟败毒饮对脓毒症大鼠脾组织IL-17信号通路相关基因的影响

目的探讨清瘟败毒饮对脓毒症大鼠脾脏组织IL-17信号通路相关基因表达的影响。方法将45只清洁级健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机等分为对照组、脓毒症组、清瘟败毒饮干预组。脓毒症组行盲肠结扎穿孔术(CLP)进行建模。清瘟败毒饮干预组大鼠除行CLP外,并于术前2天予中药胃饲,每天2次;术后连续予中药胃饲2天。对照组仅行开腹、关腹,不行盲肠结扎穿孔。3组术毕均于肌肉注射平衡液5 ml/kg,于术后24 h取脾组织提取RNA后采用RNA-seq进行mRNA表达量检测,应用生物信息学方法分析清瘟败毒饮对脓毒症大鼠脾组织IL-17信号通路相关基因的表达变化。结果相对于对照组,脾组织IL-17信号通路相关基因在脓毒症组、清瘟败毒饮干预组同时上调基因数8个,同时下调基因数有2个;仅脓毒症组上调基因数7个,仅清瘟败毒饮干预组上调基因数4个;仅脓毒症组下调基因数1个,仅清瘟败毒饮干预组下调基因数4个。结论清瘟败毒饮可能通过调节脓毒症大鼠脾组织IL-17信号通路相关基因的表达而起到改善脓毒症脾功能的作用。     

脂多糖调控对大鼠心脏微血管内皮细胞的转录组分析

目的探索脂多糖(LPS)对大鼠心脏微血管内皮细胞(rCMECs)转录组的调节作用。方法对照组(正常培养rCMECs),LPS组(100 ng/mL LPS处理6 h的rCMECs),每组进行3个生物学重复转录组测序。得到差异基因后,使用实时定量PCR对部分差异基因mRNA的表达进行验证。分别对上调和下调基因进行GO和KEGG富集,并对差异基因进行共表达网络分析。采用独立t检验进行统计学分析。结果LPS处理后,265个基因表达上调,118个基因的表达下调。前10个最显著上调基因为:Mt2a、Cyp7b1、Sod2、Icam1、Ccl2、AC128848.1、Mt1、Cebpd、Serpinb2和Tnfrsf11b。前10个最显著下调基因为:Cavin2、Ankrd1、Edn1、Prss35、Lmod1、Dhrs3、Ttc22、Sema6a、Map2k3和Sema7a。定量PCR的结果表明Mt2a、Sod、Ccl2、Cxcl1、Icam1和Vcaml基因的表达得到了上调(P均<0.01);而Cavin2、Ankrd1、Edn1和Prss35基因表达下调(P均<0.05)。GO和KEGG富集的结果表明,上调基因与内皮细胞对炎性免疫细胞的趋化作用和黏附作用密切相关;而下调基因则是与钙离子信号和G蛋白相关通路以及内皮通透性增加有关。此外,差异基因进行共表达网络分析发现Sod2处于核心位置,提示其可能与LPS诱导的rCMECs的各种变化密切相关。结论LPS调控了rCMECs中大量与炎性免疫细胞进入心肌组织相关基因的表达。     

京海黄鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染后盲肠转录组分析

为了探究京海黄鸡感染柔嫩艾美尔球虫(E. tenella)后盲肠组织差异表达基因,以及球虫感染分子应答过程和免疫应答机制,试验采用RNA-seq技术对E. tenella感染和非感染组第7天的盲肠组织进行转录组测序,筛选差异表达基因,并进行差异基因的功能、通路富集分析。结果表明,在感染和非感染组中有显著差异的表达基因2 830个(P0.05),其中1 419个基因上调,1 411个基因下调。随机选取10个差异基因进行qRT-PCR验证,结果显示差异基因的表达倍数与RNA-seq检测结果显著相关(r=0.988,P0.000),决定系数达0.975。GO分析表明,有2 356个差异基因获得GO功能注释,显著富集的前30个GO terms主要涉及细胞交流、信号转导、血管生成、氧化还原酶活性等。KEGG分析发现差异基因显著富集的信号通路有黏着斑、细胞外基质-受体相互作用、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体等。这些通路中的差异基因有ANGPTL4、ACSL5、VEGFC、CD44和MAKP10等,提示这些基因在宿主柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染过程中发挥重要作用。     

基于GEO和TCGA数据库分析促癌基因INHBA和抑癌基因CLCA4、CA4在结直肠癌中表达

目的:通过分析GEO数据库结直肠癌相关芯片集,寻找差异基因,并在TCGA数据库和GEO数据库进行验证,为结直肠癌的早期诊断寻找标志物。方法:分析GEO数据库结直肠癌相关芯片集GSE21510、GSE25071、GSE32323。分别分析差异基因,采用文恩图软件查找共同差异基因。进一步在TCGA数据库查找差异基因在结直肠癌中的表达及生存曲线。最后通过GEO数据库GSE24514验证差异基因的表达。结果:GSE21510,包含104例样本,共筛选出251个差异基因,其中上调基因146个,下调基因105个。GSE25071,包含50例样本,共筛选出669个差异基因,其中上调基因312个,下调基因357个。GSE32323,包含10例样本,共筛选出353个差异基因,其中上调基因115个,下调基因238个。在样本中上调基因为促癌基因,下调基因为抑癌基因。经文恩图分析,3个基因集交集共有15个基因,其中上调基因3个,下调基因12个。在TCGA数据库中查找差异基因的表达量和生存曲线,生存曲线选择结肠癌数据集,选取279个样本进行分析。根据差异基因的表达和生存曲线,最终确定促癌基因INHBA和抑癌基因CLCA4、CA4为结直肠癌的标志物。最后在GSE24514芯片集验证差异基因的表达。结论:通过GEO和TCGA数据库筛选及验证,发现在结直肠癌组织中INHBA基因明显上调,CLCA4、CA4基因明显下调。最终确定促癌基因INHBA和抑癌基因CLCA4、CA4可作为结直肠癌早期诊断的标志物。     

大肠杆菌F18菌株敏感和抵抗基因型仔猪十二指肠基因表达谱差异分析

文章运用Agilent 双标记表达谱芯片, 基于已建立的苏太猪大肠杆菌F18菌株敏感性和抗性型全同胞配对个体, 分析十二指肠组织基因表达谱差异, 旨在筛选导致仔猪断奶后腹泻和水肿病发生的大肠杆菌F18菌株受体相关基因, 探讨造成大肠杆菌病抗性和敏感性资源家系抗性差异的分子生物学机理。研究结果显示, 以Fold change绝对值大于2倍进行筛选, 在敏感型(GG基因型)对抗性型(AA基因型)配对组中, 差异基因共13个, 其中上调6个, 下调7个, 在以敏感型(AG基因型)对抗性型(AA基因型)配对组中, 共筛选出差异基因6个, 其中上调4个, 下调2个。经GO分析发现差异基因的生物学过程主要涉及免疫应答、胞外区修饰(如糖基化)、细胞黏附、信号转导等。通路发现大肠杆菌F18菌株抵抗性和敏感性差异基因主要涉及糖脂合成代谢以及炎症免疫相关通路, 经芯片筛选出的相关基因的功能还需进一步的研究验证。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.