奇虾类前附肢化石在河北唐山地区寒武系馒头组的发现

奇虾类是寒武纪海洋中的大型捕食动物,广泛发现于世界各地的寒武纪地层,但是多为前附肢或口器的标本。我国扬子地台云南、贵州一带的寒武纪特异埋藏动物群中都发现了奇虾化石,如澄江动物群、牛蹄塘动物群、关山动物群、凯里动物群等。但在华北地台,寒武纪特异埋藏动物化石目前为止只有零星报道,包括一些大型双瓣壳节肢动物、古蠕虫类等。本文描述一枚发现于河北省唐山市丰润区左家坞一带馒头组(毛庄期)紫红色页岩中的奇虾类前附肢化石,可能代表了一个新类型。这枚化石的发现丰富了奇虾类的古地理分布,也为在华北地台边缘地区寻找特异埋藏动物化石提供了线索。     

山东山旺发现中新世大型猛禽化石

记述了山东山旺地区发现的首件大型猛禽类化石。一新属种,Ｑｉｌｕｏｒｎｉｓ ｔａｉｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓｇｅｎ． ｅｔ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．。新鸟较我国以前发现的中新世唯一一件大型猛禽类化石,江苏泗洪的顾氏中新鹫（Ｍｉｏａｏｐｉｕｓ ｇｕｉ Ｈｏｕ　１９８４）稍小,但保存更加完整并较进步。这一大型猛禽的发现,为研究早期猛禽的演化,以及山旺组地层与相关地层时代对比提供了重要的资料。     

我国首次发现古生代星状迹化石

我国首次发现古生代星状迹化石河北省地质矿产勘查院保定工作部,在地质矿产调查过程中,于保定西部太行山区,曲阳县境内灵山沉积盆地的寒武纪石灰岩地层中,发现罕见星状迹化石。经国内著名地质、古生物专家共同鉴定,一致认为属国内首次发现。该化石为寒武纪崮山阶,浅...     

早寒武世带网状鳞片的蠕形海生动物

前言寒武纪早期动物爆发性演化事件是地质历史中的一个重大不解之谜,达尔文对此曾给予极大的注意但深感费解(Mayr,1982;Conway Morris,1987)。近三十余年来,世界各地前寒武纪晚期地层内陆续发现了许多软躯干后生动物化石。这些化石资料表明后生动物在寒武纪之前早已出现了(Chen,1988;Glaessner,1984)。由于早期动物由软躯干所组成,极难成为化石。到了寒武纪时,地层中化石     

盾皮鱼类下颌板在中国的首次报道

记述了产自云南省华宁县盘溪地区一打得组一新的节甲鱼类化石,似扁平华宁鱼（Ｈｕａｎｉｎｇｉｃｈｔｈｙｓ ｏｍａｌｏｄｅｓ ｇｅｎ． ｅｔ　ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．）。化石为一完整的下颌板,这是我国首次记述的盾皮鱼类下颌骨化石。根据与下颌板一起产出的竹节石化石和地层对比,产出化石的地层时代为晚泥盆世早期（Ｆｒａｓｎｉａｎ）。该类鱼的生境为浅海深水的盆地相或开放海环境。     

山东平邑盆地始新世介形类

本文记述了采自山东平邑盆地卞桥组中段的介形类化石１５属２１种,其中１新属,１０新种,并依据Ｓｉｎｏｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ属建立Ｓｉｎｏｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌｉｄａｅ新科。根据化石的分析对比,确认含化石地层的时代为始新世早期。介形类化石组合中发现Ｃｙｐｒｉｄｅａ（Ｃｙｐｒｉｄｅａ）ｐｉｎｇｙｉｅｎｓｉｓＧｕａｎｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,这是已知该属在我国出现的最高层位,为研究Ｃｙｐｒｉｄｅａ的演化提供了重要的材料。     

福建龙岩苏邦栖霞组上部蜓类

本文记叙了福建省龙岩苏邦早二叠世栖霞组上部的类化石,计４属８种,并建立了Ｐｒａｅｓｕｍａｔｒｉｎａｎｅｏｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎｏｉｄｅｓ－Ｖｅｒｂｅｅｋｉｎａｃｒａｓｓｉｓｐｉｒａ组合带。这些类化石的发现,不但为该地区地层划分与对比提供了新的证据,而且对华南地区早二叠世地层划分有一定意义．     

江苏睢宁县晚前寒武纪藻类化石群的研究

前言 近十余年来,我国前寒武纪藻类化石的研究进展比较快。已报道的化石点主要在天津蓟县、河北曲阳、川北、黔北、鄂西、陕南、滇东以及辽南等地区。然而,在江苏地区由于前寒武纪地层发育相对较差,至今关于前寒武纪藻类化石的研究报道很少。作者最近在睢宁县刘楼剖面九顶山组上段(距今约7亿年)部分燧石层薄片中发现了大量保存十分良好的藻类化石。它们是:Bigeminococcus lamellosus,Gloeocapsoides media,Asterocapsoides borealis,Eoentophysalis belcherensis,Eopleurocapsa cf.sinica,Animikiea     

山东博山下、中寒武纪地层的初步研究*

1952年的冬天淄博地质队工作结束后,笔者曾赴博山西部姚家峪一带短期观察寒武纪地层,同时并逐层采集了若干寒武纪三叶虫化石。这里寒武纪地层出露完整、化石极为丰富,可惜后来因为下雪的缘故,上寒武纪的凤山统全部及长山统的上部未能进行     

华北地台前寒武纪“后生动物化石”评述

最新的古生物学和分子生物学研究表明,动物的最早祖先应该早于埃迪卡拉纪,可能在大约635—850Ma的成冰纪就已经出现,但是缺乏可靠的化石证据。华北地台的前寒武纪沉积地层发育,前人曾在这套地层中陆续报道过大量的"后生动物化石"。然而,这些化石的动物属性均存在疑问。文中通过整理1979年以来报道过的相关化石,将其分为"水母状化石"、"遗迹化石"和"蠕虫状化石"3类,结合部分新材料的研究,分别对其形态、保存特征和最新研究进展进行评述。认为其中大部分属假化石、MISS构造或可能的藻类化石,但以下几类化石作为可能的动物化石,具有进一步研究的价值:1)辽南五行山群的水母状化石;2)辽南兴民村组的水母状化石;3)部分遗迹化石(如辽南五行山群的Skolithos、北京青白口系的遗迹化石);以及4)"淮南生物群"的蠕虫状化石。     

贵州早、中寒武世斗篷海绵科(Choiidae)的发现

本文描述了贵州遵义下寒武统牛蹄塘组生物群和台江中寒武世凯里生物群中保存完整的斗篷海绵科(Choiidae)中斗篷海绵(Choia)和小斗篷海绵(Choiaella)化石标本,共计2属2种2未定种：Choia zunyiensis sp.nov.,Choia sp.,Choiaella avata sp.nov.和Choiaella sp.。Choia分布很广．在我国下寒武统澄江生物群及北美中寒武统的四大生物群中均有产出。Choiaella原仅产于我国澄江生物群,凯里生物群中Choiaella的发现使其时代上延至中寒武世。贵州早、中寒武世斗篷海绵科的发现及研究为海绵动物的早期演化及古地理学等方面的研究提供了重要的新材料。     

Early Cambrian radiolarians and sponge spicules from the Niujiaohe Formation in South China

Most of the reported Cambrian radiolarians are from middle Cambrian (Miaolingian Series, Wuliuan Stage) and onward, the radiolarians from lower Cambrian (Terreneuvian and Cambrian Series 2), on the other hand, are poorly documented, thus their morphological characteristics have not been well understood. In this study, we extracted spherical radiolarians and sponge spicules from the chert of the Cambrian Series 2 Niujiaohe Formation in southern Jiangxi Province, China. The well-preserved radiolarian fossils, identified as Paraantygopora porosa, consist of perforate plate shells pierced by dense pores with elevated rims, and display similarities to those from Lower Ordovician. Seven forms of sponge spicules are recognized, including monaxons, diaxons, tetractines, hexactines, triaxon tetractines, triaxon pentactines and irregular tetraxon tetractines, which are similar to those from the Qiongzhusian Stage in South China. Our results, combined with previously reported early Cambrian radiolarians from South China, indicate that the early Cambrian radiolarians developed advanced spherical skeletons.     

A review of the Cambrian biostratigraphy of South Australia

Cambrian rocks in South Australia occur in the Stansbury, Arrowie, eastern Officer and Warburton Basins. The succession in the Stansbury and Arrowie Basins can be divided into three sequence sets (supersequences), 1, 2 and 3. Sequence set 1 can be divided into five third-order sequences: 1.0, 1.1A, 1.1B, 1.2 and 1.3. Trilobites from the Stansbury and Arrowie Basins are restricted largely to the lower part of the succession. Four trilobite zones are recognized: Abadiella huoi (latest Atdabanian–earliest Botoman), Pararaia tatei, Pararaia bunyerooensis and Pararaia janeae Zones (all Botoman). Trilobites higher in the succession are known from only a few horizons and in part correlate with the upper Lower Cambrian Lungwangmiaoan Stage of China, equivalent to the top Toyonian. Pagetia sp. has been reported in the Coobowie Formation of the Stansbury Basin, thus suggesting an early Middle Cambrian age.The Cambrian faunas of the Warburton Basin range in age from early Middle Cambrian (Late Templetonian) to very Late Cambrian, although the richest faunal assemblages are late Middle Cambrian (Ptychagnostus punctuosus to Goniagnostus nathorsti Zones). Conodonts, including Cordylodus proavus, occur in a Datsonian fauna.The Arrowie Basin contains the most complete and best studied archaeocyath succession in the Australia–Antarctica region. The Warriootacyathus wilkawillensis, Spirillicyathus tenuis and Jugalicyathus tardus Zones from the lower Wilkawillina Limestone (Arrowie Basin) and equivalents are correlated with the Atdabanian. Botoman archaeocyathids occur higher in the Wilkawillina Limestone. The youngest (Toyonian) archaeocyath fauna in Australia occurs in the Wirrealpa Limestone (Arrowie Basin).Brachiopods and molluscs of the Arrowie and Stansbury Basins can be divided into four biostratigraphic assemblages. Several informal Early Cambrian SSF biostratigraphic assemblages are recognized. Probable tabulate-like corals occur in the Botoman Moorowie Formation. Seven informal acritarch assemblages occur in the Early Cambrian of the Stansbury and Arrowie Basins. Trace fossils may mark the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary. Only two of several tuffaceous horizons from the Stansbury and Arrowie Basins have been dated (i) a date of 522.0 ± 2.1 Ma from the Heatherdale Shale of the Stansbury Basin, about 400 m above latest Atdabanian archaeocyathids and (ii) a date of 522.0 ± 1.8 Ma from the lower part of the Billy Creek Formation in the Arrowie Basin. Neither date is regarded as reliable.     

AN ORDOVICIAN LOBOPODIAN FROM THE SOOM SHALE LAGERSTÄTTE, SOUTH AFRICA

Abstract:  The first lobopodian known from the Ordovician is described from the Soom Shale Lagerstätte, South Africa. The organism shows features homologous to Palaeozoic marine lobopodians described from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale, the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang biota, the Lower Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstätte and the Lower Cambrian of the Baltic. The discovery provides a link between marine Cambrian lobopodians and younger forms from the Silurian and Carboniferous. The new fossil preserves an annulated trunk, lobopods with clear annulations, and curved claws. It represents a rare record of a benthic organism from the Soom Shale, and demonstrates intermittent water oxygenation during the deposition of the unit.     

寒武纪早期岩家河生物群:研究进展和展望*

埃迪卡拉纪-寒武纪转换时期动物的起源、演化和"寒武纪大爆发"一直是国际古生物学界研究的热点问题,其中寒武纪早期小壳化石群与埃迪卡拉纪化石群和寒武纪早期澄江化石库之间的内在关系是古生物学界研究的难题,其主要原因是寒武纪早期与小壳化石群伴生的宏体动、植物化石的缺乏。发现于峡东地区的寒武纪早期岩家河生物群填补了这一缺失环节,该生物群包含宏体动物、宏观藻类、小壳化石、球形化石(可能的胚胎化石)、微古植物和蓝菌类等化石,部分宏体化石显示了从埃迪卡拉纪向寒武纪过渡色彩。化石保存方式有碳质膜、黄铁矿化、磷酸盐化、硅化。因此对岩家河生物群生物多样性和埋藏学进行综合研究,将可提供纽芬兰世(梅树村期)碳酸盐台地—碳酸盐台地内部的局部凹陷盆地相的一个较完整的生物景观图,对探索"寒武纪大爆发主幕"前夕生物的辐射、演化模式及保存机制具有重要的科学意义。     

关山生物群中始海百合化石的再研究*

关山生物群是继澄江生物群之后云南寒武纪早期地层中发现的又一个特异埋藏的化石宝库。现已报道10多个门类的化石动物,对研究寒武纪生命大爆发、后生动物起源及演化、寒武纪早期生态系统的复原等重大学术问题具有特殊的意义。始海百合属于棘皮动物门海蕾亚门,于寒武纪早期出现,志留纪灭绝。笔者将荧光显微镜等先进成像方式与传统的研究手段相结合,对新采集到的关山生物群始海百合化石标本进行深入细致的系统古生物学研究,对其精细形态学构造和生活习性获得更深入的了解。这对于认识寒武纪早期的生物多样性和棘皮动物的演化都具有重要的意义。     

贵州寒武纪海绵动物化石组合特征

贵州寒武纪海绵化石丰富。分布广泛,主要产于早寒武世梅树村期的戈仲伍组或牛蹄塘组底部、筇竹寺期的牛蹄塘组和早、中寒武世凯里组。梅树村期的海绵属种单调,主要为六射海绵类麦粒海绵（Triticispongia sp．）及一些海绵骨针,代表寒武纪海绵首次爆发或辐射的前奏和先驱。牛蹄塘组海绵多达13个属,是寒武纪海绵辐射的重要窗口,以普通海绵略占优势,Leptomitus为优势属。凯里组的海绵共计7属,以普通海绵为主。贵州寒武纪海绵动物群的发展具有明显的阶段性和组成的差异性,其演变过程受到环境的制约。贵州早期海绵动物的发现和研究不仅改变了寒武纪生物多样性的认识,而且还为探讨海绵动物本身的起源、辐射提供了重要材料。     

中国寒武纪三叶虫生物地理趋议

寒武纪三叶虫除北疆和藏南尚无可靠报道外,在中国各地均有广泛分布。三叶虫证据表明,除兴安区的额尔古纳一兴安地体和早寒武世中天山一北山地体显示了与西伯利亚和劳伦陆块在动物群方面的密切相关外,中国寒武纪的所有板块和大部分地体（包括中及晚寒武世的中天山～北山地体）均系当时东泛冈瓦纳的重要组成部分,在生物地理上彼此密切关联。对这些属于东泛冈瓦纳的中国区块的生物地理格局的进一步探讨,主要侧重于它们台地相浅水三叶虫动物群之间的对比,特别是立足于来自动物群纪录比较完整的华南、塔里木和华北板块的证据。综合分析研究表明这些板块和有关的地体在中及晚寒武世应归属同一生物地理区,而在早寒武世则可划分为两个生物地理亚区：一个由华南、塔里木板块和安南或印支地体组成,另一仅以华北板块为代表。     

Traces of predation in the Cambrian

Series two marks a revolution in Cambrian predation when new predators and new predation methods appeared, which led to general increase in predation intensities and in the diversity of prey groups. The number of bored taxa and taxa with the predation scars is similar in the Cambrian. Most of the borings are associated with brachiopods and most of the scars with trilobites. Brachiopods, arthropods, molluscs, cnidarians and echinoderms were the most common prey in the Cambrian. The Cambrian record of predation is dominated by damage inflicted on brachiopods and trilobites. The fossils with predation signs are known from a majority of paleocontinents and all the Cambrian series.     

贵州中寒武世凯里生物群双刺吐卓虫(Tuzoia bispinosa)个体发育的研究

大型双瓣壳节肢动物是凯里生物群中重要组成部分,其中吐卓虫属（Tuzoia）最为常见,化石标本达200多件。吐卓虫常见于全球早、中寒武世地层,地理分布广泛,在地层对比和古环境研究中具有重要意义。文章运用数理统计和对比研究的方法,详细检测130多块双刺吐卓虫（Tuzoia bispinosa Yuan and Zhao,1999）化石标本,发现明显可分为幼年期、青年期和成年期3个不同的生长发育阶段。文中探讨双刺吐卓虫的个体发育,确认先前建立的凯里生物群中Tuzoia的2个种：Tuzoia bispinosa和T．magna,应为Tuzoia bispinosa一种。