安徽淮南早寒武世蠕虫化石的发现

Ｐａｌａｅｏｓｃｏｌｅｘｈｕａｉｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．是我国华北地区寒武纪地层中首次发现的蠕虫化石，也是我国寒武纪地层中所发现的蠕虫化石的最高层位。     

福建龙岩苏邦栖霞组上部蜓类

本文记叙了福建省龙岩苏邦早二叠世栖霞组上部的类化石,计４属８种,并建立了Ｐｒａｅｓｕｍａｔｒｉｎａｎｅｏｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎｏｉｄｅｓ－Ｖｅｒｂｅｅｋｉｎａｃｒａｓｓｉｓｐｉｒａ组合带。这些类化石的发现,不但为该地区地层划分与对比提供了新的证据,而且对华南地区早二叠世地层划分有一定意义．     

广西东部早泥盆世晚期盔甲鱼类一新属

描述了产自广西东部平乐下泥盆统贺县组的一脊椎动物群中的无颌类化石,建立了盔 甲鱼类的一新属、新种──平乐圆盘鱼（Ｄｉｓｃａｓｐｉｓ ｐｉｎｇｌｅｎｓｉｓ ｇｅｔ． ｅｔ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．）。圆盘鱼鳃囊 数目多达３２对。同层产出的尚有保存较完好的胴甲鱼目中华鱼科化石。该动物群的发现为 华南区早泥盆世晚期脊椎动物群的演化及其生物地层的对比提供了重要依据。     

湖北鹤峰白果坪水井沱组（早寒武世）燧石中微化石新资料

湖北省鹤峰白果坪剖面下寒武统水井沱组底部黑色燧石的岩石薄片中,发现有丰富的保存完好的微化石,包括球形藻、刺球藻、丝状藻类及一些分类不明的微化石。经初步研究计有６属９种类型。其中包括１新属Ｓｐｉｃｉｆｏｒｍａｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．和２个新种Ｓｐｉｃｉｆｏｒｍａａｇｇｌｏｍｅｒａｔａｇｅｎ,ｅｔｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和？Ｒｅｔｉｎａｒｉｔｅｓｓｐｉｒａｌｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。这一发现进一步丰富了早寒武世早期硅质岩相地层的微体化石资料,为相关地层的对比提供了可资参考的古生物学依据。     

空中飞翔的地鼠

空中飞翔的地鼠我们对生活在大约２千６百万年前的已绝灭的啮动物奎氏始鼠（Ｅｏｍｙｓｑｕｅｒｃｙｉ）的认识仅仅依据从古代猛禽类的烘便化石中发现的它的牙齿和颌骨碎片。然而，在德国恩斯帕尔（Ｅｎｓｐｅｌ）发现的化石首次向我们展示了该动物其它部分的面貌。帮助鉴...     

山东平邑盆地始新世介形类

本文记述了采自山东平邑盆地卞桥组中段的介形类化石１５属２１种,其中１新属,１０新种,并依据Ｓｉｎｏｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ属建立Ｓｉｎｏｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌｉｄａｅ新科。根据化石的分析对比,确认含化石地层的时代为始新世早期。介形类化石组合中发现Ｃｙｐｒｉｄｅａ（Ｃｙｐｒｉｄｅａ）ｐｉｎｇｙｉｅｎｓｉｓＧｕａｎｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,这是已知该属在我国出现的最高层位,为研究Ｃｙｐｒｉｄｅａ的演化提供了重要的材料。     

盾皮鱼类下颌板在中国的首次报道

记述了产自云南省华宁县盘溪地区一打得组一新的节甲鱼类化石,似扁平华宁鱼（Ｈｕａｎｉｎｇｉｃｈｔｈｙｓ ｏｍａｌｏｄｅｓ ｇｅｎ． ｅｔ　ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．）。化石为一完整的下颌板,这是我国首次记述的盾皮鱼类下颌骨化石。根据与下颌板一起产出的竹节石化石和地层对比,产出化石的地层时代为晚泥盆世早期（Ｆｒａｓｎｉａｎ）。该类鱼的生境为浅海深水的盆地相或开放海环境。     

内蒙古巴彦乌兰地区始新世哺乳类及相关地层问题

记述了在内蒙古巴彦乌兰地区发现的４种始新世哺乳动物化石,其中包括１个啮齿类新种──Ｍｅｒｇｅｎｏｍｙｓ ｎｅｉｍｏｎｇｏｌｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。新种与在蒙古共和国发现的属型种Ｍ．ｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ的不同在于个体大,下臼齿下外脊和下次小尖相对偏于唇侧。新化石的发现以及对岩石地层的分析表明巴彦乌兰剖面上原认为的伊尔丁曼哈组应包含伊尔丁曼哈及沙拉木伦组两个地层单位。     

广西早泥盆世节甲鱼类及胴甲鱼类化石及华南早泥盆世脊椎动物生 …

描述了甲泥盆世的３个属种,其中节甲鱼类Ｙｕｉａｎｇｏｌｅｐｉｓ ｌｉｕｊｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ． Ｂｕｃｈｈａｎｏｓｔｅｕｓ ｓｐ．及胴甲鱼类？Ｃｈｕｃｈｉｎｏｌｅｐｉｓ ｓｐ．采自广西玉林。该３件标本均产自海相地层中,与海相无脊动物化古共生。还讨论了华南区几个主要产脊椎动物化石（包括脊椎动物微体化石）剖面的生物地层对比。     

四川自贡化石木研究

研究了发现于四川省自贡市距著名的大山铺恐龙化石坑０．５～３ｋｍ处的几株化石木。它们的地质时代与大山铺恐龙动物群相同,地层层位大致相当,属于中侏罗世的下沙溪庙组和新田沟组。根据解剖结构特征,确定它们属于原始的松柏类植物———南洋杉型木属中的一个新种,命名为自贡南洋杉型木新种（ＡｒａｕｃａｒｉｏｘｙｌｏｎｚｉｇｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＤｕａｎｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）。化石木的发现对探讨恐龙的生活环境有重要的意义。     

山东山旺新发现的中新世松鼠类化石

<正>Three forms of Sciuridae, Tamiops asiaticus (Qiu, 1981) , Sciurus lii sp. nov. , and Oriensciums linquensis gen. et sp. nov. are described from the early-middle Miocene Shanwang Formation at Linqu, Shandong Province. Comparisons of Tamiops asiaticus with Meinia asiatica Qiu, 1981 suggest that neither the size nor the morphology of the bodies and dentition allows the two genera to be distinguished. The genus name Meinia Qiu, 1981 is therefore considered a junior synonym of Tamiops Allen, 1906. S. lii is one of the earliest records for the genus Sciurus . Some isolated teeth from the early Miocene locality Sihong, previously referred to Shuanggouia lui show similarities to S. lii and are assigned to the genus Sciurus in this paper. Redetermination of Shuanggouia argues convincingly for its assignment to Sciurinae rather than Petauristinae. Oriensciurus linquensis exhibits some characters similar to Sciurus in the upper cheek teeth, and to Spermophilinus in the lower ones. The overall dental features, however, group the new genus with tree squirrels. The Shanwang fossil sciurid association highly suggests the Shanwang area was a forest biotope during the Miocene, and indicates an obviously "Transitional Zone" between the modem Oriental Region and the Palearctic Region.     

A NEW GENUS OF TAPIRIDAE FROM SHANWANG, SHANDONG

<正> While helping to curate the jumbled specimens accumulated at the Shanwang Paleontological Museum in 1985, the senior authors of the present paper were happy enough to find a tapirid specimen. Through careful preparation it turned out to be a part of articulated skeleton consisting of skull, lower jaw, cervical and some anterior dorsal vertebrae and a scapula. As most of the other fossils from Shanwang, it is laterally compressed, therefore, no width could actually be measured. The nasal bones of the skull have become vertically oriented through compression. Otherwise the skull is little deformed. In order to study the tooth morphology closely, we had to extract most of the teeth from the left side of the tightly occlused tooth battery. All this notwithstanding, the skull represents one of the few well preserved specimens among the tapirid fossils ever found.     

DENTITION OF THE URSAVUS SKELETON FROM SHANWANG, SHANDONG PROVINCE

<正> Ursavus fossils have been known from over 20 Miocene localities in Europe. However, the records from other continents are very scanty and the materials are all very fragmentary (Ch. Frick, 1926, J. E. Storer, 1975 for North America and N. Schmidt-Kittler, 1976 for Turkey). The presence of the genus in China was first reported recently when Qi Guoqin (1984) described some teeth referred to Ursavus depereti from the famous Ramapithecus site of Lufeng, Yunnan Province.     

NEW FOSSIL MICROMAMMALS FROM SHANWANG, SHANDONG

<正> In comparison with the recovery of macromammals from Shanwang, Shandong, the finds of micromammals from the locality are still rather small. Up to now, only three forms, Shanwangia unexpectula Young, 1977, Meinia asiatica Qiu, 1981 and Diatomys shantungensis Li, 1977 have been reported. Two taxa of small mammals described in this paper can be added to the list of the middle Miocene Shanwang fauna. The specimens in question were collected from the diatomaceous quarry in 1983.     

A NEW SPECIES OF ALLIGATOR FROM SHANWANG, SHANDONG

<正> A crocodilian specimen is described and identified, as a new species of Alligalor in present paper. The material was collected from the Middle Member of the Shanwang Formation, Linqu County, Shandong Province by the members of the Linqu Paleontological Museum in 1984. Nearly 40 taxa of fossil vertebrates, including fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, have been reproted from this Miocene locality since 1930's (Yian et al. 1983, Qiu et al. 1986). Within the vertebrate fauna the fossil mammals and fishes are very rich, but the other are relatively rare. This is the first record of a crocodilan from the diatomaceous quarry of Shanwang.     

山东山旺新发现的大型熊类化石

本文记述了山东山旺的三种大型熊类化石: Hymicyon (Phoberocyon) youngi, Thaumastocyoninae gen. et sp. n. (unnamed) 和 Amphicyon cf. confucianus.前两类是最近新发现的.在进化水平上,它们和欧洲及北美中中新世早期的同类动物相近.后一种仅以一枚 M_3 为代表,该材料可能是三十年代采集而未被研究的.如果我们对 Hemicyon (Phoberocyon) youngi (Chen), 1981 的看法和鉴定无误的话,那么种型化石的产地,即湖北钟祥的地质时代,应比原来想象的要早,可能与山旺的时代接近,即柜当于欧洲的 MN4 或 MN5.     

山东山旺Palaeomeryx化石的初步研究

Palaeomeryx 在含义、性质和分类位置上,一直是一个争论较多的属.最近在山旺发现的 Palaeomeryx 完整骨架,为解决上述问题提供了有价值的资料和证据. Palaeomeryx 雄性具有一对眶上"皮骨角"和单一的"枕顶角".根据共近裔性状的分析,本文作者认为 Palaeomeryx 应该归入长颈鹿,作为这一支中最早分出的一个旁支.长颈鹿和鹿科有较近的亲缘关系,而和牛科的关系较远. Palaeomeryx 大概位于 Blastomeryx 和 Leptomeryx 之间,从反刍类主干中分出.山旺的材料,代表本属中一个较原始的新种: Palaeomeryx tricornis. 它的时代,可能相当于欧洲的 MN4 或 MN5.     

被子植物的花化石研究

五十多年前胡骕在研究山东临朐县山旺组的植物化石中,发现有花的化石,仅保存了5个花瓣或仅5个萼片,均难给予确切的分类位置;六十年代我们两次去山旺野外工作,发现为数较多,同样仅保存花瓣或萼片的化石。本文研究的是80年代发现并保存较为完好的花化石。新近李凤麟详细论述了各门类化石,均认为山旺组的地质时代属中中新世。近十余年来,国际上被子植物的花化石的研究进展较快。每次花化石的发现,对研究被子植物种系发生、系统位置及在地史中的演化及演变速率等均是极重要     

山东中新世山旺组梧桐属(锦葵科) 蓇葖果化石再研究

梧桐属(Firmiana Marsili)约有16个现生种, 间断分布于亚洲东部和东南部以及非洲东部的热带至亚热带地区, 并在我国南北各省广泛栽培。其蓇葖果成熟后开裂, 开裂心皮呈叶状, 膜质, 易鉴别。该属果实化石非常匮乏, 迄今仅报道两例, 分别产自山东临朐的下中新统和云南临沧的上中新统。本文基于对产自山东临朐下中新统山旺组梧桐属蓇葖果化石的再观察, 发现2种梧桐属植物——Firmiana sinomiocenica Hu and Chaney和F. yunnanensis Xie and Manchester, 并对F. sinomiocenica的种征进行了修订。这些新材料表明中新世早期梧桐属在华东地区已经具有一定的多样性。Firmiana sinomiocenica与现生种F. simplex (L.) W. Wight最为相似, 可能指示F. simplex是梧桐属中比较原始的种类。Firmiana sinomiocenica的心皮和种子大小暗示, 在距今约17 Ma时, 梧桐属的染色体倍性可能已和现生的梧桐类似。值得注意的是, 梧桐属蓇葖果化石呈叶状, 可以借助风力传播。本文结合山旺植物群中其他翅果化石的研究, 认为果实的风力传播方式在该植物群中已经较为普遍。