菜豆泛肽基因在生物和非生物胁迫下的表达

差别筛选HgCl2胁迫处理的菜豆（Phaseolus vulgaris L.）幼苗叶片cDNA库,分离出1个重金属胁迫响应基因PvSR52克隆,其cDNA长度为281bp。cDNA和氨基酸序列同源性分析表明PvSR52编码一种多聚泛肽。Southern blot结果表明菜豆泛肽可能由少数基因编码。Northern blot分析表明多聚泛肽叶片中表达较少;重金属Hg、Cd和As等、过量的Zn和Cu及高温、病毒侵染和水杨酸等环境胁迫均能强烈地刺激其在叶片中的表达。推测泛肽水解系统在提高植物的抗塑性方面有重要作用。     

菜豆多聚泛肽基因在重金属胁迫下的表达

差别筛选HgCl2胁迫的菜豆(PhaseolusvulgarisL.)幼苗叶片cDNA库,分离出两个重金属胁迫相应基因PvSR5和PvSR51(Phaseolusvulgarisstress_relatedgene)片段。cDNA和氨基酸序列分析表明PvSR5和PvSR51分别编码一种多聚泛肽。Northernblot分析表明多聚泛肽是组成性表达蛋白,主要在根中表达,叶片和茎中表达较少;Hg、Cd、Cu和Zn等重金属、高温和水杨酸能强烈地刺激其在叶片中的表达,而受伤几乎没有影响。推测多聚泛肽在抵抗重金属胁迫和提高植物的抗逆性方面有重要作用。     

PRGL：非洲菊细胞壁中一种含GASA结构域的富脯氨酸蛋白

PRPs（Proline-Rich proteins）是植物细胞壁蛋白,在结构上具有一个富含脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸重复序列的区域,其表达多受机械伤害及各种环境胁迫的刺激．而GASA（Gibberellic Acid Stimulated Arabidopsis,GASA）蛋白具有一个含12个半胱氨酸的C-端保守区域,这类蛋白多定位于细胞壁,且其表达多受GAs（Gibberellins）的调节．在法国菜豆（Phaseolus vulgaris）中,由2个独立的基因分别编码的PRP与GASA类似蛋白组成一个双元组分的几丁质受体蛋白,该蛋白与植物一病原物的相互作用有关．本文从非洲菊（Gerberahybrida）中克隆了一个完整的cDNA序列PRGL（Proline-RichGASA-like）,该基因编码的多肽包含了PRP和GASA类似结构域．实验表明,PRGL在结构上以及基因表达的调节方面都同时具有PRPs和GASA两类蛋白质的特征,是一类新的蛋白质．     

漾濞大泡核桃病程相关蛋白10基因JsPR10-1的克隆与表达分析

病程相关蛋白（pathogenesis related protein, PR） 10的激活与积累在植物抗逆境胁迫中有非常重要的作用。根据漾濞大泡核桃（Juglans sigillata）编码PR10的EST（expressed sequence tag）序列设计引物,利用快速扩增cDNA末端技术,克隆得到PR10基因的全长cDNA序列,并命名为JsPR10-1。JsPR10-1全长cDNA为776 bp,含有483 bp的开放阅读框、74 bp 5′-非编码区以及219 bp 3′-非编码区,编码含有160个氨基酸的蛋白质。全长基因序列中含有1个124 bp的内含子。JsPR10-1编码的蛋白质与栎树（Quercus suber）、欧洲山毛榉（Fagus sylvatica）以及欧洲板栗（Castanea sativa）的PR10相似性较高,并且在PR10的系统进化树中与双子叶植物聚为一支。qRT-PCR分析结果表明,植物信号分子水杨酸、茉莉酸、乙烯以及过氧化氢处理均可诱导JsPR10-1表达。在接种胶孢炭疽菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）后,JsPR10-1的表达量迅速上升并在接种8 h时达到最大值,表明JsPR10-1参与漾濞大泡核桃对胶孢炭疽菌的防卫反应。本研究为揭示漾濞大泡核桃抗性机制奠定了理论依据。     

通过荧光差异显示PCR法分离水稻中由ABA调节的基因

脱落酸（ABA）在植物种子发育以及植物地外源环境因子（如逆境,胁迫等）反应过程中起着重要的作用,对其调节基因的分离将有助于了解其相关信号传导途径及作用机制。通过荧光差异显示PCR法我们由水稻中分离了部分ABA调节的cDNA片段,在所分离克隆的17个片段中,有14个片段被ABA诱导（2,4,8,12h),有2个片段被ABA抑制（8h),测序及序列分析表明这些片段可能分别编码与植物光合作用（7）,信号传导（1）,转录调控（2）,代谢（6）相关的蛋白或未知蛋白（1）而且其表达可能受到ABA的调节或ABA参与了其作用,对其中可能编码α/β水解酶折叠蛋白,酪氨酸磷酸酶,液泡H^ -ATPase的mRNA进行的RT－PCR和Northern blot分析,确证了ABA对它们表达的调节作用。在此基础上对FDD－PCR技术及ABA作用的可能机制进行了讨论。     

烟草磷转运蛋白基因NtPHT2;1的克隆和表达分析

植物对磷酸盐的吸收与利用主要依靠磷转运蛋白,其中PHT2家族编码的低亲和磷转运蛋白主要负责植物在正常供磷条件下磷酸盐的吸收、转运与再利用。为了探究低亲和磷转运蛋白基因NtPHT2;1在烟草转运磷酸盐中的作用和表达模式,本研究以普通烟草K326的cDNA为模板,克隆得到NtPHT2;1,对该基因进行生物信息学分析和蛋白质的亚细胞定位,并通过荧光定量PCR技术对该基因在低磷等非生物胁迫下的基因表达模式进行分析。结果表明：（1）NtPHT2;1基因的全长为1 764 bp,编码587个氨基酸。（2）亚细胞定位结果表明,NtPHT2;1蛋白定位于叶绿体上。（3）同源性比对发现,NtPHT2;1蛋白与辣椒CaPHT2;1蛋白的同源性最高达到91.00%。（4）启动子分析表明,NtPHT2;1启动子含有参与调控植物衰老、逆境胁迫相关的顺式作用元件。（5）组织表达模式分析表明,NtPHT2;1在叶片中的表达量最高,新叶中的表达量比老叶中的高;在低磷诱导条件下,该基因的表达量与正常条件相比差异不显著。（6）不同非生物胁迫下的表达模式表明,在盐胁迫和干旱胁迫下,该基因的表达量显著降低。研究认为,NtPHT2;1基因主要是负责烟株正常生长发育条件下磷酸盐的转运与利用。     

小麦胁迫相关基因W1的克隆及表达模式分析

应用噬菌体原位杂交技术从干旱胁迫诱导的小麦cDNA文库中克隆到一个胁迫诱导的基因片段别。删全长cDNA为901bp,其中,编码区长498bp,编码166个氨基酸。Southern杂交表明,W1是一个低拷贝基因。RT—PCR结果表明,W1受干旱、低温的诱导,但不受高盐的诱导。氨基酸序列分析发现W1有一个USP保守区（pfam00582）。同源性分析发现W1与一个水稻胁迫诱导蛋白（NM_001061239）的同源性为83％,但该类蛋白的功能尚无报道。肼是小麦第1个被克隆的胁迫相关蛋白基因,该基因的克隆有助于阐明小麦的抗逆机制,并为今后培育抗逆性小麦品种提供候选基因。     

青杆PwUSP1基因的克隆及表达模式分析

广泛逆境胁迫蛋白（universalstressprotein,USP）在非生物胁迫响应中起重要作用,但在植物中其功能还大部分未知。本研究通过BLAST分析青杆EST文库,得到职zP基因的EST序列,通过RACEPCR方法获取USP基因的末端序列,经过与EST序列拼接得到USP基因的cDNA全长序列,命名为PwUSP1。分析发现PwUSP1全长cDNA为1167bp,编码区为519bp,编码172个氨基酸残基。生物信息学分析显示,PwUSP1编码的蛋白相对分子质量为19．07kDa,理论等电点为6．38,为非跨膜的亲水性蛋白。PwUSP1具有USP家族典型的UspA结构域和ATP结合位点G-（2x）-G-（9x）-G（S／T）。半定量RT-PCR与RT-qPCR分析表明,PwUSP1在青杆的根、茎、针叶、花粉、种子中均有表达,在根和花粉中表达量较高。同时,PwUSP1受干旱和盐胁迫的诱导表达上调,均在处理6h后表达量较高,推测该基因可能在青杆逆境胁迫响应中发挥作用。     

费尔干猪毛菜病程相关蛋白基因（SfPR-1）的克隆及在盐胁迫下的表达分析

利用抑制消减杂交法从藜科猪毛菜属盐生植物费尔干猪毛菜（Salsola ferganica）中分离得到了一个盐胁迫响应的cDNA片段,结合SMARTTMRACE技术获得了费尔干猪毛菜病程相关蛋白基因的cDNA,命名该基因为SfPR-1（GenBank登录号：JQ670917）。序列分析表明,SfPR-1长817 bp,含有501 bp的阅读框、65 bp的5＇-UTR和251 bp的3＇-UTR,编码166个氨基酸,分子质量为18.01 kD,理论等电点为9.37。通过BLAST同源序列比对分析,结果显示该基因编码的蛋白与已知甜菜、拟南芥、烟草及玉米的病程相关蛋白PR-1同源性分别为73.6%、57.8%、55.5%和53.9%,且具有PR-1家族特有的6个半胱氨酸保守结构域。半定量RT-PCR和实时荧光定量RT-qPCR分析表明,该基因在盐胁迫后表达呈明显上调,初步推测病程相关蛋白基因SfPR-1可能与费尔干猪毛菜的耐盐性相关。     

西伯利亚PsPIP1基因的克隆及其在NaHCO3胁迫下的表达

应用cDNA末端快速扩增（RACE）技术从西伯利亚蓼叶cDNA文库中克隆了质膜内在蛋白基因（PsPIP1的完整编码区cDNA序列（GenBank accession No．EU626398）,长度为1004bp,编码285个氨基酸。基于和其他植物水通道蛋白的氨基酸序列、推测的三维结构的比较以及系统进化分析结果,初步确定此基因为水通道蛋白基因家族中的PIP1亚族成员。RT-PCR结果显示,PsPIP1在西伯利亚蓼的地下茎、茎、叶中均有表达,叶中表达量最高,地下茎次之,茎中最低。在NaHCO3胁迫与去胁迫的过程中,此基因在地下茎、茎、叶中的表达模式也有较明显的差异。     

Cloning and expression analysis of SKn-type dehydrin gene from bean in response to heavy metals

A heavy metal responsive gene PvSR3 (GenBank accession number U54703) encoding an acid dehydrin was isolated from a mercuric chloride-treated bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) leaf cDNA library by differential screening using cDNAs derived from treated and untreated plants. The PvSR3 cDNA is 981-bp long and has a 606-bp open-reading frame with a 202-residue-deduced amino acid sequence. The PvSR3 sequence contains two conserved repeats of the characteristic lysine-rich K segment (EKKGIMDKIKEKLPG) preceded by an 8-serine residue stretch, whereas the Y segment (DEYGNP) conserved motif is absent. The deduced protein has a calculated molecular weight of 23 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.2. Sequence similarity and comparative analysis showed that PvSR3 shares 70 and 73% similarity with the dehydrin of poplar and pepper, respectively. Southern hybridizations indicated that PvSR3 was a low copy-number gene. Northern blot analysis revealed that PvSR3 mRNA was weakly detected in seedling leaves. However, the gene expression was strongly stimulated by heavy metals, such as mercury, cadmium, arsenic, and copper, whereas virus infection and salt had little effect on it. In contrast, PvSR3 was not responsive to drought or abscisic acid (ABA), and was downregulated by UV radiation. Furthermore, PvSR3 was upregulated by the exogenous signaling molecules, including salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). It is suggested that PvSR3 is extremely related to heavy metal stress, and might play an important role in metal detoxification and resistance to the damage caused by heavy metals.     

DnaJ—like基因在不同环境胁迫下的表达研究

ＰｖＳＲ６（Ｐｈａｓｅｏｌｕｓ ｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ ｓｔｒｅｓｓ－ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ）基因编码一种菜豆ＤｎａＪ－ｌｉｋｅ蛋白。Ｎｏｒｔｈ－ｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ结果表明：ＰｖＳＲ６基因在未处理的菜豆叶片中表达较少,重金属（Ｈｇ＾２＋和Ｃｄ＾２＋）、机械损伤、ＵＶ、高温和水杨酸等环境胁迫能强烈地促进其基因的转录,推测ＤｎａＪ－ｌｉｋｅ蛋白在保护细胞膜和酶蛋白的结构和功能及提高植物的抗逆性方面有重要作用。     

菜豆富含脯氨酸蛋白质基因在生物和非生物胁迫下的表达

植物细胞壁是细胞的机械支持物和保护壳,在植物的生长和发育、细胞内的通讯和代谢交换过程中起重要作用。细胞壁主要由多糖和蛋白质组成,根据蛋白质的氨基酸组成和糖的含量特点可把细胞壁结构蛋白分为５类：富含羟脯氨酸的糖蛋白（ｂｙ一ｄｒｏｘｙｐｒｏｌｉｎｇ－ｒｉｃｈ　ｇｌｙｃｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓ,ＨＲＧＰｓ）、富含脯氨酸蛋白质（ｐｒｏｌｉｎｅ－ｒｉｃｈｐｒｏｒｅｉｎｓ,ＰＲＰｓ）、富含甘氨酸蛋白质（ｇｌｙｃｉｎｅ－ｒｉｃｈｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓ,ＧＲＰｓ）、茄科凝集素（ｓｏｌａｎａｃｅｏｕｓｌｅｃｔｉｎｓ）和阿拉伯…     

菜豆病程相关蛋白基因在重金属胁迫下的表达分析

为探讨植物抗重金属的分子机理 ,差别筛选了 Hg Cl2 胁迫的菜豆 ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)叶片 c DNA库 ,分离出一个重金属胁迫响应基因 Pv SR4克隆 .c DNA和氨基酸序列分析表明 Pv SR4编码一种细胞内病程相关蛋白 ,该蛋白具有 RNase活性 .Northern blot分析表明 Pv SR4基因在正常生长条件下的叶片中不表达 ,重金属 ( Hg、Cd、As、Zn和 Cu等 )和水杨酸能强烈地诱导其基因的表达 ,受伤也能促进该基因的转录 ,而热胁迫几乎没有调节作用 .推测 Pv SR4蛋白在诱导植物的抗逆性和抵抗重金属胁迫方面有重要作用     

Cloning and expression analysis of SKn-type dehydrin gene from bean in response to heavy metals

A heavy metal responsive gene PvSR3 (GenBank accession number U54703) encoding an acid dehydrin was isolated from a mercuric chloride-treated bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) leaf cDNA library by differential screening using cDNAs derived from treated and untreated plants. The PvSR3 cDNA is 981-bp long and has a 606-bp open-reading frame with a 202-residue-deduced amino acid sequence. The PvSR3 sequence contains two conserved repeats of the characteristic lysine-rich K segment (EKKGIMDKIKEKLPG) preceded by an 8-serine residue stretch, whereas the Y segment (DEYGNP) conserved motif is absent. The deduced protein has a calculated molecular weight of 23 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.2. Sequence similarity and comparative analysis showed that PvSR3 shares 70 and 73% similarity with the dehydrin of poplar and pepper, respectively. Southern hybridizations indicated that PvSR3 was a low copy-number gene. Northern blot analysis revealed that PvSR3 mRNA was weakly detected in seedling leaves. However, the gene expression was strongly stimulated by heavy metals, such as mercury, cadmium, arsenic, and coppper, whereas virus infection and salt had little effect on it. In contrast, PvSR3 was not responsive to drought or abscisic acid (ABA), and was downregulated by UV radiation. Furthermore, PvSR3 was upregulated by the exogenous signaling molecules, including salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). It is suggested that PvSR3 is extremely related to heavy metal stress, and might play an important role in metal detoxification and resistance to the damage caused by heavy metals.     

Cadmium resistance in transgenic tobacco plants enhanced by expressing bean heavy metal-responsive gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">PvSR2</Emphasis>

PvSR2 (Phaseolus vulgaris stress-related gene) has been cloned from French bean and shown to be expressed specifically upon heavy metal treatment. In order to investigate the role of PvSR2 in plant, PvSR2 gene under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was introduced into tobacco mediated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404. The regenerated plantlets were selected on medium with 100 mg/L kanamycin. PCR and Southern blot analysis showed PvSR2 gene was integrated in tobacco genome. Gus and Northern blot analysis indicated PvSR2 gene was expressed in transgenic seedling. The heavy metal resistance assay showed that the transgenic tobacco seedlings with the PvSR2 coding sequence exhibited higher tolerance to Cd compared with wild-type (WT) under Cd exposure. The Cd content accumulated in root between transgenic and WT seedlings had no obvious difference at lower Cd external concentration (0.05-0.075 mmol/L CdCl2), whereas transgenic plant showed a lower root Cd content than the control at higher external Cd concentration (0.1 mmol/L CdCl2). These results suggested that the expression of PvSR2 can enhance the Cd tolerance, and PvSR2 may be involved in Cd transportation and accumulation at the test concentration of 0.1 mmol/L Cd.