菜豆多聚泛肽基因在重金属胁迫下的表达

差别筛选HgCl2胁迫的菜豆(PhaseolusvulgarisL.)幼苗叶片cDNA库,分离出两个重金属胁迫相应基因PvSR5和PvSR51(Phaseolusvulgarisstress_relatedgene)片段。cDNA和氨基酸序列分析表明PvSR5和PvSR51分别编码一种多聚泛肽。Northernblot分析表明多聚泛肽是组成性表达蛋白,主要在根中表达,叶片和茎中表达较少;Hg、Cd、Cu和Zn等重金属、高温和水杨酸能强烈地刺激其在叶片中的表达,而受伤几乎没有影响。推测多聚泛肽在抵抗重金属胁迫和提高植物的抗逆性方面有重要作用。     

菜豆泛肽基因在生物和非生物胁迫下的表达

差别筛选HgCl2胁迫处理的菜豆（Phaseolus vulgaris L.）幼苗叶片cDNA库,分离出1个重金属胁迫响应基因PvSR52克隆,其cDNA长度为281bp。cDNA和氨基酸序列同源性分析表明PvSR52编码一种多聚泛肽。Southern blot结果表明菜豆泛肽可能由少数基因编码。Northern blot分析表明多聚泛肽叶片中表达较少;重金属Hg、Cd和As等、过量的Zn和Cu及高温、病毒侵染和水杨酸等环境胁迫均能强烈地刺激其在叶片中的表达。推测泛肽水解系统在提高植物的抗塑性方面有重要作用。     

苎麻谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶基因BnGSTU1的克隆和表达分析

谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GSTs,Glutathione-S-transferases)是一类存在于动植物中的多功能蛋白,对植物抵御逆境胁迫和解除细胞毒素具有重要作用。为探讨GST基因在苎麻耐镉机制中的作用,本研究在苎麻镉胁迫转录组的基础上,采用RACE方法从苎麻(Boehmeria nivea(L.) Gaudich.)品种中苎一号中克隆到BnGSTU1基因(Gen Bank登录号为MG941011)的全长c DNA序列,该基因开放读码框为636 bp,编码211个氨基酸,蛋白质分子量为24. 07 k D,等电点为5. 29。保守结构域分析表明,BnGSTU1蛋白属于GST家族中的Tau类,具有GST蛋白所特有的H位点和G位点,以及N端和C端保守结构域。系统进化树分析表明,BnGSTU1蛋白与拟南芥、橡胶树等物种Tau类GST蛋白的亲缘关系最近。组织表达特异性分析表明,BnGSTU1在苎麻的叶片中相对表达量最高,其次为茎,根中相对表达量最低,存在明显的组织特异性。胁迫诱导表达分析表明,BnGSTU1的表达显著受镉的诱导,且相对表达量随着镉浓度的升高表现出不断增加的趋势。以上结果表明,BnGSTU1是一个镉应答基因,可能在植物对镉胁迫的适应中发挥重要作用。     

甘蔗小分子量热激蛋白(sHSP)基因克隆及水分胁迫下的表达分析

为甘蔗抗逆胁迫机制研究提供依据,以甘蔗叶片总RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR扩甘蔗小分子量热激蛋白(sHSP)基因的cDNA,采用生物信息学软件分析所克隆基因的编码蛋白特性,并用荧光定量PCR分析该基因的表达情况。结果表明,克隆得到的c DNA片段长度为659 bp,包括1个459 bp的开放阅读框,编码132个氨基酸。同源性分析表明,sHSP基因在14个不同植物中的一致性为69%-96%。甘蔗sHSP具有典型的HSP结构域,并且非常保守。实时荧光定量分析结果表明,随着甘蔗干旱胁迫时间的延长,sHSP基因表达量缓慢下降后明显增加,干旱胁迫加硅处理的甘蔗叶片sHSP基因表达量峰值出现比干旱处理推迟48 h。说明sHSP受到了干旱胁迫的诱导表达,同时硅能提高甘蔗抗旱性。     

玉米JAZ家族基因ZmJAZ4的克隆及功能分析

JAZ(Jasmonate ZIM-domain)蛋白是植物特有的一类转录因子,通过抑制茉莉素调控基因的表达,在植物的生长发育及非生物胁迫等方面发挥重要的功能。从玉米B73自交系中克隆到一个新的JAZ家族基因Zm JAZ4,该基因c DNA全长为651bp,编码蛋白含有216个氨基酸,分子量约为23.1 k D,p I为10.78,属于碱性蛋白。Real-time RT-PCR结果表明,Zm JAZ4主要在茎端分生组织、雄穗、发育早期的种子以及胚乳中表达。系统进化分析显示,Zm JAZ4与At JAZ10转录因子相似性较高。亚细胞定位试验表明,Zm JAZ4定位于细胞核内。Zm JAZ4在酵母细胞中不具有转录激活活性。激素及胁迫处理表明,Zm JAZ4在地上部的表达受PEG、Na Cl、SA、GA和ABA诱导,而在地下部的表达受到ABA和GA诱导。结果分析表明,Zm JAZ4可能是一个重要的转录调控因子,参与调控多种激素信号通路及非生物胁迫响应。     

木薯MeASR基因克隆及表达分析

脱落酸-胁迫-成熟诱导蛋白(Abscisic acid-stress-ripening,ASR)在植物对非生物逆境胁迫的应答过程中发挥着重要作用。利用PCR技术从木薯中克隆了第一个ASR基因Me ASR,序列分析表明该基因开放阅读框(ORF)330 bp,编码109个氨基酸。多序列比对和进化树分析表明该基因所编码的蛋白具有ASR家族蛋白的保守结构域,与番茄ASR家族蛋白Sl ASR4具有较近的亲缘关系。亚细胞定位分析表明Me ASR定位在细胞核,实时荧光定量PCR分析表明该基因的表达显著受渗透胁迫和ABA诱导。结果表明,Me ASR可能作为转录因子参与木薯对干旱逆境胁迫应答及ABA信号调节。     

植物抗旱和耐重金属基因工程研究进展

干旱和重金属污染严重影响植物的生长发育.植物耐逆相关基因的克隆和功能鉴定研究,为通过基因工程途径提高植物的抗逆性奠定了理论基础.水分亏缺、高盐、低温和重金属胁迫都能诱导LEA(late embryogenesis abundant protein)基因的表达.转基因研究表明,LEA蛋白具有抗旱保护作用、离子结合特性以及抗氧化活性;水孔蛋白存在于细胞膜和液泡膜上,在细胞乃至整个植物体水分吸收和运输过程中发挥重要作用.干旱和盐胁迫促进水孔蛋白基因转录物的积累.过量表达水孔蛋白可增强水分吸收和运输,提高植物的抗旱能力.金属转运蛋白参与重金属离子的吸收、运输和累积等过程.这些蛋白基因在改良草坪草植物的抗旱节水和耐重金属能力等方面具有潜在的应用价值.     

盐角草高亲和钾离子转运蛋白SeHKT1基因的克隆及表达分析

利用RACR技术从盐生植物盐角草中克隆Se HKT1基因,Gen Bank登录号为KP739261,用生物信息学方法对获得的基因序列进行分析,利用q RT-PCR方法研究Se HKT1基因在不同组织和不同盐胁迫下的表达特性。结果表明,该基因c DNA序列含有1个1 761 bp的完整ORF,编码550个氨基酸,Blast分析表明该蛋白与毕氏海篷子Sb HKT1蛋白亲缘关系较近。q RT-PCR分析表明Se HKT1基因在Na Cl处理下地上部和地下部均诱导上调表达,主要在盐角草根部表达,在地上部表达相对较低,200mmol/L Na Cl处理6 h后在根部表达量达到最高,随后逐渐降低;在钾饥饿条件下,该基因在根部和地上部的相对表达量均高于对照。说明Se HKT1不仅能响应N a Cl胁迫,还能在缺钾条件下提高表达,发挥高亲和钾离子载体功能。     

不结球白菜BcDF1.2基因克隆与诱导表达

利用RACE技术,获得了不结球白菜防卫素基因全长序列,命名为BcDF1.2(DDBJ登录号AB302891).序列分析发现,BcDF1.2全长532 bp包含1个长度为96 bp的内含子区域,该基因编码79个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质,与其他植物的防卫素基因和抗真菌蛋白基因有较高的同源性.系统进化树分析表明,该基因在不同植物间具有高度保守性.基因组DNA杂交表明BcDF1.2属于较小的多基因家族.水杨酸和霜霉病原菌诱导后,该mRNA不仅在诱导的叶片中转录表达增加,而且在未诱导的系统叶片中表达增加.BcDF1.2在不结球白菜叶片中的转录表达特点表明可能参与对霜霉病的抗性反应.     

油茶柠檬酸合成酶(CS)基因的克隆和表达分析

采用RT-PCR技术从油茶中分离出一个柠檬酸合成酶基因,该基因的c DNA全长1 416 bp,编码471个氨基酸,推导的蛋白分子量为52.74 k D,理论等电点(PI)为6.95。同源比对显示其与其他植物的CS蛋白序列高度同源,将该基因命名为Co CS(Gen Bank登录号:KU161147)。系统进化树分析表明油茶Co CS与杜鹃和葡萄的CS蛋白的亲缘关系较近。荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,油茶受到低磷胁迫后根系Co CS基因的表达受到低磷诱导,表达量呈现先升高后降低的趋势;不同油茶品种不同组织(根、茎、叶)中的Co CS基因在不用磷处理下的表达模式不同。     

DnaJ—like基因在不同环境胁迫下的表达研究

ＰｖＳＲ６（Ｐｈａｓｅｏｌｕｓ ｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ ｓｔｒｅｓｓ－ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ）基因编码一种菜豆ＤｎａＪ－ｌｉｋｅ蛋白。Ｎｏｒｔｈ－ｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ结果表明：ＰｖＳＲ６基因在未处理的菜豆叶片中表达较少,重金属（Ｈｇ＾２＋和Ｃｄ＾２＋）、机械损伤、ＵＶ、高温和水杨酸等环境胁迫能强烈地促进其基因的转录,推测ＤｎａＪ－ｌｉｋｅ蛋白在保护细胞膜和酶蛋白的结构和功能及提高植物的抗逆性方面有重要作用。     

Cloning and expression analysis of SKn-type dehydrin gene from bean in response to heavy metals

A heavy metal responsive gene PvSR3 (GenBank accession number U54703) encoding an acid dehydrin was isolated from a mercuric chloride-treated bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) leaf cDNA library by differential screening using cDNAs derived from treated and untreated plants. The PvSR3 cDNA is 981-bp long and has a 606-bp open-reading frame with a 202-residue-deduced amino acid sequence. The PvSR3 sequence contains two conserved repeats of the characteristic lysine-rich K segment (EKKGIMDKIKEKLPG) preceded by an 8-serine residue stretch, whereas the Y segment (DEYGNP) conserved motif is absent. The deduced protein has a calculated molecular weight of 23 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.2. Sequence similarity and comparative analysis showed that PvSR3 shares 70 and 73% similarity with the dehydrin of poplar and pepper, respectively. Southern hybridizations indicated that PvSR3 was a low copy-number gene. Northern blot analysis revealed that PvSR3 mRNA was weakly detected in seedling leaves. However, the gene expression was strongly stimulated by heavy metals, such as mercury, cadmium, arsenic, and copper, whereas virus infection and salt had little effect on it. In contrast, PvSR3 was not responsive to drought or abscisic acid (ABA), and was downregulated by UV radiation. Furthermore, PvSR3 was upregulated by the exogenous signaling molecules, including salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). It is suggested that PvSR3 is extremely related to heavy metal stress, and might play an important role in metal detoxification and resistance to the damage caused by heavy metals.     

Cloning and expression analysis of SKn-type dehydrin gene from bean in response to heavy metals

A heavy metal responsive gene PvSR3 (GenBank accession number U54703) encoding an acid dehydrin was isolated from a mercuric chloride-treated bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) leaf cDNA library by differential screening using cDNAs derived from treated and untreated plants. The PvSR3 cDNA is 981-bp long and has a 606-bp open-reading frame with a 202-residue-deduced amino acid sequence. The PvSR3 sequence contains two conserved repeats of the characteristic lysine-rich K segment (EKKGIMDKIKEKLPG) preceded by an 8-serine residue stretch, whereas the Y segment (DEYGNP) conserved motif is absent. The deduced protein has a calculated molecular weight of 23 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.2. Sequence similarity and comparative analysis showed that PvSR3 shares 70 and 73% similarity with the dehydrin of poplar and pepper, respectively. Southern hybridizations indicated that PvSR3 was a low copy-number gene. Northern blot analysis revealed that PvSR3 mRNA was weakly detected in seedling leaves. However, the gene expression was strongly stimulated by heavy metals, such as mercury, cadmium, arsenic, and coppper, whereas virus infection and salt had little effect on it. In contrast, PvSR3 was not responsive to drought or abscisic acid (ABA), and was downregulated by UV radiation. Furthermore, PvSR3 was upregulated by the exogenous signaling molecules, including salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). It is suggested that PvSR3 is extremely related to heavy metal stress, and might play an important role in metal detoxification and resistance to the damage caused by heavy metals.     

菜豆重金属胁迫响应基因:cDNA克隆及其表达分析

通过差别筛选HgCl2胁迫下的菜豆叶片cDNA库,分离出7组不同的cDNA克隆（Phaseolusvulgarisstress-relatedprotein,PvSR1～7）。cDNA序列和同源性分析结果表明：PvSR1编码富含脯氨酸细胞壁蛋白（PRP）,PvSR2和PvSR7编码新的HgCl2胁迫相关蛋白,PvSR3编码脱水蛋白（dehydrin）,PvSR4编码病原相关（PR）蛋白,PvSB5编码polyubiqui－tin,PvSR6编码DuaJ－like蛋白。HgCl2胁迫可强烈地请导PvSR2和PR蛋白基因的表达,并能提高PRP,、dehydrinlike和polyubiq－uitin基因的转录水平。这些蛋白质共同作用可能对维持细胞的正常代谢和抵抗重金属胁迫方面有重要作用。     

Cadmium resistance in transgenic tobacco plants enhanced by expressing bean heavy metal-responsive gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">PvSR2</Emphasis>

PvSR2 (Phaseolus vulgaris stress-related gene) has been cloned from French bean and shown to be expressed specifically upon heavy metal treatment. In order to investigate the role of PvSR2 in plant, PvSR2 gene under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was introduced into tobacco mediated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404. The regenerated plantlets were selected on medium with 100 mg/L kanamycin. PCR and Southern blot analysis showed PvSR2 gene was integrated in tobacco genome. Gus and Northern blot analysis indicated PvSR2 gene was expressed in transgenic seedling. The heavy metal resistance assay showed that the transgenic tobacco seedlings with the PvSR2 coding sequence exhibited higher tolerance to Cd compared with wild-type (WT) under Cd exposure. The Cd content accumulated in root between transgenic and WT seedlings had no obvious difference at lower Cd external concentration (0.05-0.075 mmol/L CdCl2), whereas transgenic plant showed a lower root Cd content than the control at higher external Cd concentration (0.1 mmol/L CdCl2). These results suggested that the expression of PvSR2 can enhance the Cd tolerance, and PvSR2 may be involved in Cd transportation and accumulation at the test concentration of 0.1 mmol/L Cd.     

Cadmium resistance in transgenic tobacco plants enhanced by expressing bean heavy metal-responsive gene PvSR2

Heavy metal pollution such as Cd, Hg, Pb, As and Se is an increasing environment problem worldwide. These metals and metalloids have toxic effect on both plants and animals, which are strongly poisonous to metal-sensitive enzymes, resulting in growth inhibition and death of the organism[1]. Contamination of soils with heavy metals, either by natural causes or due to pollution, often has pronounced effects on the vegetation, resulting in the appearance of metallophytes, and heavy-metal tolera…