风信子根尖预处理及核型分析

采用秋水仙素、8-羟基喹啉、放线菌酮3种试剂及秋水仙素与8-羟基喹啉的混合液、冰水混合物等,按不同时间梯度对风信子‘Pink Pearl’根尖进行预处理,以获得进行染色体分析的清晰制片,为风信子品种染色体分析及其微结构研究奠定基础。结果表明:‘Pink Pearl’根尖经5种预处理后,再经固定、解离、染色、压片均可获得分散良好、形态正常、易于计数并进行核型分析的高质量染色体制片。秋水仙素和8-羟基喹啉的最适预处理时间分别是12h、20h;放线菌酮、秋水仙素与8-羟基喹啉混合液、冰水混合物的最适预处理时间均是24h。染色体核型分析表明:风信子的核型公式为2n=2x=16=6m+4sm+2smsat+4st;核不对称系数为60.2%,为2C核型。     

高山榕染色体制片优化及核型分析

以高山榕种子的根尖为材料进行染色体常规压片,比较不同预处理方法和解离方法对高山榕染色体制片的影响,以选择最优的压片方法制片并进行核型分析。结果显示,预处理24 h的总体效果优于12 h;3种预处理液的总体作用效果为0.05%秋水仙素>混合液>0.002 mol.L-18-羟基喹啉,综合比较后认为混合液低温4℃处理24 h为最佳预处理方法。解离方法选择1 mol.L-1HCl中60℃水浴2~3 min较为适宜。首次报道了高山榕核型公式为2n=2x=30=22m(2SAT)+6sm+2T,核型不对称系数为61.54%,核型属于Stebbins核型分类中的2C类型。     

锦鸡儿属植物染色体制片与3个种的核型分析

对锦鸡儿属植物根尖染色体制片中的几种预处理、解离、染色方法进行了比较.结果表明,用0.002 m o l/L8-羟基喹啉和饱和对二氯苯混和液(1∶1)预处理,1 m o l/L HC l预热60℃解离,改良苯酚品红染色效果较好.对锦鸡儿属植物3个种的体细胞中期染色体制片,核型分析结果表明,小叶锦鸡儿(C arag ana m icrophy lla)为2n=2x=16=8m(2SAT) 4sm 4M,中间锦鸡儿(C.interm ed ia)为2n=2x=16=6m 8sm 2M,青海锦鸡儿(C.ch ing-ha iensis)为2n=2x=16=4m 8sm 4M 2B,核型不对称性为“2A”型.此外,还发现这3种植物的根尖细胞中均有内源有丝分裂现象.     

黄果龙葵和龙葵染色体制片优化及核型分析

该实验以黄果龙葵和龙葵的根尖为实验材料,进行不同的预处理、固定和解离,确定出各种材料适合于核型分析的制片方法。结果表明:龙葵于15℃条件下经0.05%秋水仙素预处理2.5h,固定后用1mol/L HCl酸解后,染色观察,得到的染色体分散,易于染色体计数和形态观察。用此方法对黄果龙葵和龙葵进行核型分析,结果发现:黄果龙葵和龙葵都属于小型染色体,黄果龙葵为四倍体,核型公式为K(4n)=48=4sm+44m,核型不对称系数为56.22%,属于2B核型。龙葵为六倍体,核型公式为K(6n)=72=72m,核型不对称系数为55.89%,属于1B核型。     

小水榕染色体数目及核型分析

以小水榕根尖为材料,通过取材时间,8-羟基喹啉、饱和对二氯苯2种药剂预处理,并以细胞中有丝分裂相的数目、染色体的清晰度、分散程度为指标,探索出适于小水榕染色体分析的方法.结果表明:小水榕有丝分裂中期在一天的16:00达到高峰期,取样时间确定在16:00.饱和对二氯苯水溶液预处理2 h,卡诺氏固定液固定2 h,1 mol/L盐酸60 ℃水浴中解离3 min～4 min,并以醋酸洋红染色效果较好.小水榕核型为2 n=2 x=30=12 m+14 sm+4 st,属于"2B"类型.     

橙花破布木染色体制片及核型分析

为了解橙花破布木的遗传背景,以其根尖为试验材料,采用体细胞染色体常规制片法着重探索取材和预处理两个实验环节,选取染色体分散较好的细胞进行数目确定及核型分析。结果表明:(1)橙花破布木最佳取材时间为9:30～10:00和14:00～14:30,最佳预处理试剂及时间为饱和对二氯苯预处理2h;(2)橙花破布木染色体数目为32条,共16对染色体,为二倍体植物;核型公式为2n=2X=32=32m,核型属于"1A"型;染色体组绝对长度变化范围为0.38～0.69μm,相对长度(%)变化范围为4.48～8.24,相对长度组成为2n=2L+14M1+14M2+2S;核型不对称系数(As.K%)为58.40%。研究结果为破布木属植物染色体制片技术及核型分析提供参考,也可为橙花破布木基因进行染色体定位等细胞遗传学及表观遗传学研究奠定基础。     

药用植物天门冬染色体核型分析

对天门冬根尖细胞进行染色体常规制片,并进行核型分析。结果表明,天门冬染色体数为2n=20,核型公式为K(2n)=2x=20=8 sm+128m,其中中部着丝粒染色体(m)为4对,近中部着丝粒染色体(sm)为5对。核型类型为2B。     

崇明水仙根尖体细胞染色体的观察和核型分析

以崇明水仙(Narcissus tazetta L.var.chinensis Roem.)根尖体细胞为实验材料,对适宜于崇明水仙细胞学研究的前处理液和前处理时间进行了筛选,在此基础上,应用根尖压片法对重瓣花型和单瓣花型崇明水仙体细胞染色体数、核型及倍性进行了比较分析.结果显示:适宜的前处理液是对二氯苯饱和溶液,适宜的前处理时间为12 h.重瓣花型和单瓣花型崇明水仙的染色体核型差异较小,相同点为:不对称二型核型,染色体基数x=10,三倍体,体细胞染色体数2n=3x=30,第7号染色体的短臂具随体,核型均属于"3B"型,臂比大于2的染色体比率为90%.不同点为:重瓣花型的第7号和第8号染色体分别为sm和st型,单瓣花型的第7号和第8号染色体分别为st和sm型;前者的核型不对称系数(76.48%)略小于后者(76.71%);前者的相对长度系数为12L+6M2+12S,后者的相对长度系数为12L+3M1+3M2+12S;前者的最长染色体与最短染色体长度的比值(3.10)略小于后者(3.19).重瓣花型的核型公式为2n=3x=30=15st+15sm(3SAT),单瓣花型的核型公式为2n=3x=30=15st(3SAT)+15sm,崇明水仙根尖体细胞染色体的平均核型公式为2n=3x=30=15st(3SAT)+15sm.根据研究结果初步推测崇明水仙为节段异源三倍体.     

硬枝黄蝉染色体计数与核型分析

以硬枝黄蝉Allamanda neriifolia幼胚为试验材料,对其体细胞染色体进行计数与核型分析。结果表明,硬枝黄蝉幼胚细胞含9对染色体,由中部或近中部着丝粒染色体构成。核型公式为2n=2x=6sm+12m。核型不对称系数为58.95%,核型分类属于2A型。     

华中五味子染色体制片优化及核型分析

比较不同预处理和解离方法对华中五味子染色体制片的影响,采用华中五味子的萌发芽、新枝茎尖、幼叶等不同部位进行染色体制片,观察500个细胞,比较不同部位中期细胞和适宜核型分析的中期细胞所占比例,结果显示,0.1%秋水仙素预处理1 h、1 mol/L盐酸常温解离12 min制片所得染色体分散效果最佳。5~15 mm幼叶侧边组织制片最适宜华中五味子核型分析。核型公式为2n=2x=28=26 m 2sm,核型不对称系数(As.k)为56.30%,属于1B类型,核型对称性程度高,表明华中五味子在进化中处于比较原始类型。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.