高山榕染色体制片优化及核型分析

以高山榕种子的根尖为材料进行染色体常规压片,比较不同预处理方法和解离方法对高山榕染色体制片的影响,以选择最优的压片方法制片并进行核型分析。结果显示,预处理24 h的总体效果优于12 h;3种预处理液的总体作用效果为0.05%秋水仙素>混合液>0.002 mol.L-18-羟基喹啉,综合比较后认为混合液低温4℃处理24 h为最佳预处理方法。解离方法选择1 mol.L-1HCl中60℃水浴2~3 min较为适宜。首次报道了高山榕核型公式为2n=2x=30=22m(2SAT)+6sm+2T,核型不对称系数为61.54%,核型属于Stebbins核型分类中的2C类型。

Optimization of Chromosome Sectioning and Karyotype Analysis of Ficus altissima

For picking out the best root tip squash method of Ficus altissima and analyzing karyotype,we compared the different methods of the pretreatment and dissociation.The result showed that pretreatment time lasted for 24 h is better than that with 12 h.The general effects of three pretreatments is 0.05% colchicine>mixture>0.002 mol·L-1 8-hydroxyquinoline.After comprehensively compared,the best pretreatment method is mixture(0.05% colchicine and 0.002 mol·L-1 8-hydroxyquinoline by volume ratio 1∶1) with lower temperature at 4℃ lasted 24 h.The best dissociation method is 1 mol·L-1 HCl with 60℃ lasted for 2～3 min.It was the first report that the karyotype formulae of F.altissima is 2n=2x=30=22m(2SAT)+6sm+2T,belonging to 2C type.Its index of Asymmetric is 61.54%.