中国大鲵营养成分和功能因子研究进展

主要介绍了中国大鲵各种营养成分和功能因子的营养和保健功能,中国大鲵含有蛋白质、脂类、氨基酸、微量元素等营养成分和金属硫蛋白、胶原蛋白、表皮活性变白因子和多聚糖肽等多种保健功能因子,并对中华大鲵资源的开发进行了分析,为大鲵的保护和资源利用提供参考。     

银杏细胞悬浮培养及其银杏内酯产生的研究

对银杏细胞悬浮培养及其次生代谢产物银杏内酯的产生进行了研究。考察了各种理化因子对细胞生长及银杏内酯产生的影响;对培养物中银杏内酯进行了定性及定量测定。HPLC测定结果显示,银杏悬浮细胞培养物中银杏内酯的含量可达0.0099%。     

银杏对果蝇寿命的影响

银杏对果蝇寿命的影响赵伯涛,张卫明（内贸部南京野生植物综合利用研究所）银杏作为古老的保健珍品,其滋补强壮及抗衰老作用历来引入注目,各国对银杏的研究方兴未艾,各种银杏食品和药品纷纷推向市场。我们在开发银杏食品的同时,用银杏浆汁对果蝇进行了实验研究,以探...     

海岸带不同复合农林业系统的小气候特征

对海岸带银杏（Ginkgo biloba Linn.)－农作物在种复合经营模式（A.4年生叶用银杏＋农作物;B.6年生果用银杏＋4年生叶用银杏＋农作物;C.6年生材用银杏＋农作物）进行了小气候的同步测定和因子分析。结果表明：太阳辐射的吸收率、空气相对湿度、防风效应都随模式内植被的立体空间层次增加而增加,而气温、地温的日较差和水面蒸发量却随之降低。各模式中影响小气候的主导因子主要是植被结构层次和地表温度,其因子负荷量分别为－0.971和0.9997。三种模式中,果用银杏－叶用银可－农作物复合模式具有更适宜而又稳定的小气候特征。     

银杏双黄酮和银杏内酯B与人体肠道菌群体外互作研究

【目的】银杏提取物在防治心血管系统和神经系统疾病方面发挥重要功能。鉴于肠道菌群已被认定为一个新兴的药物作用靶标,研究银杏双黄酮和银杏内酯与人体肠道菌群之间的相互作用具有非常重要的意义,这将为进一步理解银杏提取物的功能和作用机制奠定基础。【方法】本研究使用人体肠道菌群体外批量发酵、细菌总量测定、细菌16S rDNA高通量测序、气相色谱和液相色谱检测等方法,对银杏双黄酮和银杏内酯B单独或复合在体外与人体肠道菌群的相互作用进行研究。【结果】银杏双黄酮和银杏内酯B单独添加对人体肠道菌群总量、肠道菌群结构组成和短链脂肪酸产量没有显著影响。但有意思的是,复合添加银杏双黄酮和银杏内酯B后,Coriobacteriaceae科和Cupriavidus属细菌的比例显著升高,Gemella菌细菌比例显著降低。功能基因预测分析发现,编码K00076、K12143、K07716和K00220的基因在复合添加银杏双黄酮和银杏内酯B后显著富集。K00076和K00220是氧化还原酶,催化CH-OH供体基团的电子转移,可能参与银杏双黄酮和银杏内酯B的代谢和修饰。HPLC检测发现,人体肠道菌群体外对银杏双黄酮和银杏内脂B的降解修饰率分别为70%和35%左右。【结论】体外复合添加银杏双黄酮和银杏内酯B可显著改变肠道某些细菌的丰度。同时,体外研究表明肠道菌群具有代谢修饰银杏双黄酮和银杏内酯B的功能。     

银杏植物各部位及银杏组织培养细胞中银杏内酯B和白果内酯含量的初步研究

用高压液相色谱法对五年生扦插银杏各部位及银杏组织培养细胞中银杏内酯B和白果内酯的含量进行了测定.结果表明银杏内酯B和白果内酯在银杏植物各部位的含量差异很大.银杏内酯B在银杏叶中含量最高,白果内酯在银杏侧根中含量最高.在6,7-v培养基下银杏组织培养细胞中同时测出银杏内酯B和白果内酯,提示用植物组织培养方法有可能同时产生银杏内酯B和白果内酯.     

银杏愈伤组织培养及其代谢产物银杏内酯的研究

筛选出了愈伤组织生长的最佳培养基;考察了各种理化因子对培养细胞生长及银杏内酯产生的影响;应用生物法和HPLC对愈伤组织中的银杏内酯A和B进行了成功的测试。结果显示,银杏愈伤组织培养物中银杏内酯的含量可达0.01%,属国际领先水平。     

银杏系列饮品的加工技术及质量控制

银杏系列饮品的加工技术及质量控制赵伯涛，王玉成（内贸部南京野生植物研究所）（扬州市银杏保健食品厂）银杏果仁营养丰富，具许多生理活性物质，有重要的药用和保健价值。我国银杏资源量大，果实产量约占世界的四分之三，但各产区大部分以原料销售或出口为主，其商品价...     

银杏药用物质的开发利用现状及其发展设想

本文概述了银杏叶的药理作用及其开发利用现状。目前,银杏药用物质的获取仍然是通过叶片提取这一途径,这同时存在地理环境、季节等诸多限制因素。而通过银杏组织、细胞培养获得其药用物质的技术研究刚刚起步,距离实际应用仍有相当的距离,但随着这项技术的不断发展,它不仅可用于生产银杏黄酮类和银杏内酯,而且有助于进一步研究银杏所含的特殊化学成分及其相关的代谢途径。     

沈阳市区不同环境下银杏水力特征和非结构性碳水化合物含量

银杏为重要的城市绿化树种,但在城市环境中常出现生长不良和受害的现象,作为行道树时该树种衰退死亡现象尤为多发,相关生理机制还有待深入研究.本研究选取生长在沈阳市区行道和公园两个不同生境的银杏,对其受胁迫伤害程度、水力功能性状及非结构性碳水化合物含量(NSC)等进行了对比分析.结果表明:行道银杏枝条及叶片相比公园中的银杏受...     

对九种天然产物清除自由基活性的理论评价

用量子化学方法计算了源自灯盏花、丹参、银杏和红花的九种天然产物--灯盏花乙素、焦袂康酸、3,5-二咖啡酰氧基奎宁酸、飞蓬酯B、丹酚酸B、丹参素、银杏双黄酮、银杏苦内酯B和羟基红花黄色素A的O-H键解离焓和电离势,并以此为理论指标评价了其清除自由基活性.结果发现,在非极性溶剂中3,5-二咖啡酰氧基奎宁酸、飞蓬酯B、丹酚酸B、丹参素等均具有较高的活性;而在极性溶剂中,相比其它八种化合物,灯盏花乙素显示出优良的清除自由基活性,提示这些化合物有望作为药物的有效成分治疗自由基引起的心、脑血管疾病.     

银杏中种皮化学成分的分离及鉴定

银杏（Ginkgo biloba Linn．）在中国种植广泛,其产量占全世界总产量的70％[1]。中药白果仁是银杏种子去除肉质外种皮和骨质中种皮后得到的,具有敛肺定喘、止带缩尿的功效。目前,有关银杏种子的研究主要集中在具有药食同源的白果仁[2]及具有潜在应用价值的外种皮[3]上,鲜见对银杏种子中种皮的研究报道。生产中大量的银杏中种皮被废弃,因此,开展银杏中种皮的相关研究对于充分利用该类资源非常必要。鉴于此,作者对银杏中种皮的化学成分进行了系统分析,以期为其开发应用提供参考依据。     

Fingerprint profile of Ginkgo biloba nutritional supplements by LC/ESI-MS/MS

Ginkgo biloba is one of the most popular herb nutrition supplements, with terpene lactones and flavonoids being the two major active components. A fingerprint profile method was developed using a capillary HPLC/MS method which can identify more than 70 components from the G. biloba product. The method allows the flavonoids and terpene lactones to be detected simultaneously and information of both the parent ion and its fragmentation can be obtained in just one HPLC/MS run. Targeted post-acquisition analysis allows mass spectrometric information regarding the identification of flavonoid components to be easily distinguished from other data, however the same approach for terpene lactones was less successful due to dimer formation and requires further development. The fingerprint profiles of five commercial G. biloba nutritional supplements were obtained and compared; variation of some components among the samples was observed and fortification could be detected. In the quality control analysis of the G. biloba product this method could be viewed as complementary to specific quantitative analysis of some bioactive components of the herb.     

高压静电场对银杏愈伤组织生长的影响

银杏愈伤组织经１ ．０ｋＶ／ ｃｍ 强度的高压静电处理后, 愈伤组织生长速率提高, 超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ） 活性和蛋白质及糖含量增加,过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ） 和吲哚乙酸（ＩＡＡ） 氧化酶活性下降。实验表明,正高压静电场促进银杏愈伤组织细胞的生长,与ＨＶＥＦ 影响体内ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ 和ＩＡＡ 氧化酶活性以及蛋白质和糖含量的变化相关     

银杏叶黄酮的乙醇提取方法研究

研究了银杏叶总黄酮含量的季节悸变化规律及利用乙醇提取银杏叶黄酮的方法,结果表明,根据银杏叶在一年生长间总黄酮含量确定银杏叶最佳采收时间为8－9月份,通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定乙醇提取银杏叶总黄酮的最佳条件为：银可中粉碎至50－60目,以70％乙醇按照液固比6：1的比例,于80℃条件下提取2次,每次1h,银杏叶总黄酮提取率可达87．6％。     

银杏种实发育过程中营养成分的动态变化研究

以银杏良种桂 G86 - 1为试材 ,对种实发育过程中种仁和种皮的维生素 C、 N、 P、 K、灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、蔗糖、还原糖、粗纤维、淀粉等 11种营养成分的含量和积累的变化动态进行系统研究。结果表明 ,在种仁发育过程中 ,蔗糖、粗纤维、淀粉的含量和积累均随生长发育期的变化而递增 ,呈极显著相关关系 ;还原糖、粗脂肪、 N、 P、 K、灰分等养分在幼果期含量较高 ,但随发育期的变化而降低 ,呈显著相关关系 ,除还原糖外 ,这些养分的积累逐渐增加 ,呈极显著相关关系 ,还原糖的积累在盛花后 110 d前明显增加 ,随后逐渐下降 ;维生素 C在种实发育初期含量较高 ,至盛花后 80 d达到最高 ,随后逐渐下降。在种皮发育过程中 ,除还原糖、维生素 C外 ,其它营养成分的含量和积累的变化动态规律与种仁相一致 ;维生素 C在种皮的含量和积累均逐渐上升 ,呈显著相关关系 ;还原糖的含量变化没有明显的规律 ,呈上升趋势 ,积累逐渐增加 ,呈极显著相关关系。     

Effects of herbal components on cDNA-expressed cytochrome P450 enzyme catalytic activity

We evaluated the effects of 25 purified components of commonly used herbal products on the catalytic activity of cDNA-expressed cytochrome P450 isoforms in in vitro experiments. Increasing concentrations of the compounds were incubated with a panel of recombinant human CYP isoforms (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4) and their effects on the conversion of specific surrogate substrates measured fluorometrically in a 96-well plate format. For each test substance, the IC50 (the concentration required to inhibit metabolism of surrogate substrates by 50%) was estimated and compared with IC50's for the positive control inhibitory drugs furafylline, sulfaphenazole, tranylcypromine, quinidine, and ketoconazole. Constituents of Ginkgo biloba (ginkgolic acids I and II), kava (desmethoxyyangonin, dihydromethysticin, and methysticin), garlic (allicin), evening primrose oil (cis-linoleic acid), and St. John's wort (hyperforin and quercetin) significantly inhibited one or more of the cDNA human P450 isoforms at concentrations of less than 10 uM. Some of the test compounds (components of Ginkgo biloba, kava, and St. John's wort) were more potent inhibitors of the isoforms 1A2, 2C19, and 2C19 than the positive controls used in each assay (furafylline, sulfaphenazole, and tranylcypromine, respectively), which are known to produce clinically significant drug interactions. The enzyme most sensitive to the inhibitory of effects of these compounds was CYP2C19, while the isoform least effected was CYP2D6. These data suggest that herbal products containing evening primrose oil, Ginkgo biloba, kava, and St. John's Wort could potentially inhibit the metabolism of co-administered medications whose primary route of elimination is via cytochrome P450.     

银杏外种皮中银杏酚酸的分离和抑菌试验

本文介绍了用薄层层析分离银杏外种皮中银杏酚酸的方法,分离得到白果酸和氢化白果酸,经抑菌试验表明,两种物质都有较强的抑制真菌的效果,并且白果酸比氢化白果酸的抑菌效果好。     

Ginkgo biloba extract ameliorates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

The effect of Ginkgo biloba (EGb), a plant extract with an antioxidant effect, has been studied on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male wistar rats. Ginkgo biloba extract (300 mg/kg BW) was administered orally 2 days before and 8 days concurrently with gentamicin (80 mg/kg BW). Saline treated animals served as control. Estimations of urine creatinine, glucose, blood urea, serum creatinine, plasma and kidney tissue MDA were carried out after 8 days of gentamicin treatment. Kidneys were examined using histological techniques. Blood urea and serum creatinine were increased by 896% and 461% respectively, with gentamicin, compared to saline treated group. Creatinine clearance was significantly decreased with gentamicin. Ginkgo biloba extract protected rats from gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Changes in blood urea, serum creatinine and creatinine clearance induced by gentamicin were significantly prevented by Ginkgo biloba extract. There was a 177% and 374% rise in plasma and kidney tissue MDA with gentamicin, which were significantly reduced to normal with Ginkgo biloba extract. Histomorphology showed necrosis and desquamation of tubular epithelial cells in renal cortex with gentamicin, while it was normal and comparable to control with Ginkgo biloba extract. These data suggest that supplementation of Ginkgo biloba extract may be helpful to reduce gentamicin nephrotoxicity.