精料的蛋白质水平及能量浓度对亚成体大熊猫日粮消化率的影响

采用双因子交叉分组 (2× 2 )试验设计方案 ,选用 2只亚成体大熊猫进行 5期 (第 5期用常规日粮 )消化试验 ,考察精料的蛋白质水平与能量浓度对亚成体大熊猫日粮消化率的影响。结果表明 :精料蛋白质水平对粗蛋白、半纤维素、能量的消化率均产生显著影响 (P <0 0 5 ) ,对粗脂肪消化率产生极显著影响 (P <0 0 1) ,(相关系数分别为 0 7830、 0 76 18、 0 5 5 0 4、 0 6 72 3) ;精料能量浓度对无氮浸出物、中性洗涤纤维、能量的消化率产生显著影响 (P <0 0 5 ) ,对粗脂肪消化率产生极显著影响 (P <0 0 1) ,(相关系数分别为 0 5 5 6 9、0 6 0 4 7、0 5 0 5 2、 0 74 11)。对无氮浸出物、中性洗涤纤维、能量的消化率而言 ,该 2个因素互作效应显著 (P <0 0 5 )。1～ 4试验期 ,粗脂肪、半纤维素 ,1～ 5试验期 ,粗脂肪、半纤维素、中性洗涤纤维、纤维素、总能量等项消化率与 2个因素线性回归达到显著性水平 (α =0 0 5 ) (其中粗脂肪及 1～ 5期半纤维素达到极显著 ,α =0 0 1)。从多重比较结果看 ,除木质素外 ,各项消化率均以第 1期为最高 ,因此 ,日粮配方 1(CP2×GE2即CP 2 0 6 1%×GE 19 5 3MJ/kg)是优选配方     

摄食水平对中华鳖稚鳖生长、氮排泄和能量收支的影响

在 30℃水温下进行摄食 -生长实验 (实验周期为 5 6d) ,设饥饿、1%、2 %、4 %和饱食 5个摄食水平 ,研究了中华鳖稚鳖 (39 5 4— 4 4 2 2g)的生长和能量收支。结果表明 ,中华鳖稚鳖的特定生长率随摄食水平的增加 ,其湿重、干物质、蛋白质和能量的特定生长率均呈二次曲线增加 ,其中干物质的特定生长率 (SGRdr)与摄食率 (Rl)的关系式为 :SGRdr=- 1 8799 1 0 795Rl- 0 0 832Rl2 (r=0 90 6 ,n =2 5 ,P <0 0 1) ;除干物质转化效率外 ,湿重、蛋白质和能量的转化效率在 2 %组均达到最大 ,分别为 36 31%、2 1 4 7%和 2 8 10 % ;除能量转化效率外 ,4 %组湿重、干物质和蛋白质的转化效率与最大值均无显著差异 ;摄食水平对中华鳖稚鳖总氮排泄率、氨氮排泄率、尿素氮排泄率以及氨氮占总氮排泄率的比例均有显著影响 (P <0 0 1) ,除氨氮占总氮比例外其他指标均随摄食水平的增加而增加 ,氨氮比例在饥饿组最高为 5 5 83% ,由饥饿到饱食其变化范围是 4 4 5 0 %— 5 5 83% ;总氮排泄率、氨态氮排泄率和尿素氮排泄率的变动范围分别是 19 81%— 6 5 87%、9 4 4 %— 36 31%和 8 2 4 %— 2 9 5 6 % ,回归分析表明 ,幼鳖的总氮排泄率 (μmol/g·d) (G N)、氨氮排泄率 (μmol/g·d) (NH3 N)及尿素氮排泄率 (μmol/g·     

南方鲇的营养学研究:饲料中大豆蛋白水平对生长的影响

以初始体重为 2 3 .78± 0 .0 9g的南方鲇幼鱼为实验对象 ,在室内循环水养殖系统中进行为期 6周的生长实验。以大豆蛋白分别替代 0 %、1 3 %、2 6 %、3 9%、5 2 %和 6 5 %的鱼粉蛋白 ,配制成 6种等氮 (粗蛋白为 48%)、等能 (总能 2 0 KJ/ g)的饲料 ,用于探讨饲料中鱼粉蛋白与大豆蛋白的不同比例对南方鲇生长及饲料转化率的影响。实验在 2 7.5± 0 .2℃水温条件下进行 ,溶氧维持在 5 mg/ L以上 ,光照周期为 1 4L:1 0 D。实验结果表明 ,当大豆蛋白分别替代1 3 %、2 6 %和 3 9%的鱼粉蛋白时 ,3组之间的特定生长率 (SGR)的差异不显著 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,但均显著高于 5 2 %和 6 5 %替代水平 (P<0 .0 5 )。其中 1 3 %和 2 6 %的替代水平的特定生长率(SGR)显著高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;3 9%替代水平的特定生长率 (SGR)与对照组之间差异不显著 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;而 5 2 %和 6 5 %替代水平的特定生长率 (SGR)则显著低于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 )。饲料转化率 (FCE)、蛋白质效率 (PER)和蛋白质累积率 (PPV)分别在各处理组之间的差异关系与特定生长率 (SGR)在各组之间的变化相类似。因此 ,本文提出南方鲇饲料中大豆蛋白替代 3 9%的鱼粉蛋白是适宜的 ,过量的添加将影响南方鲇的生长及饲料转化率。通过分析认为大豆蛋白影响南方鲇生     

稚鳖蛋氨酸的营养需要量

将 90只中华稚鳖随机平均分为六组 ,分别饲喂含蛋氨酸 0 .82 %、1.12 %、1.32 %、1.5 2 %、1.72 %、2 .0 2 %的等能等氮半合成饵料 (胱氨酸为 0 .5 6 % )。结果表明 :蛋氨酸水平对特殊体重生长率 (SGR)、摄饵量 (FI)、饵料系数(FCR)、肝重 (LW)、肝重 /体重 (LW/BW)、体脂肪含量 (BFC)、体蛋氨酸含量 (BMC)、体蛋白沉积率 (PRR)、蛋氨酸沉积率 (MRR)有极显著或显著影响 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 ) ,但是对体蛋白含量 (BPC)没有显著影响 (P >0 .0 5 )。在饵料胱氨酸为 0 .5 6 %时 ,稚鳖蛋氨酸需要量为 1.2 8% (风干日粮基础 )或 3.0 7% (蛋白基础 )。     

环氧合酶-2在子宫内膜癌中上调表达的临床意义

目的　探讨环氧合酶 2与子宫内膜癌发生、发展中的关系。方法　研究对象分为 5组 ,增生期组 2 5例 ,分泌期组 2 5例 ,内膜炎组 2 5例 ,非典型性增生组 2 3例 ,子宫内膜癌组 34例 ,应用免疫组化和定量RT PCR方法 ,检测其中Cox 2蛋白和mRNA水平表达。结果　 6 7%的子宫内膜癌表达Cox 2 ,在转录和蛋白水平子宫内膜癌组的Cox 2表达强度明显高于其它四组 (免疫组化评分分别为 :增生期组 5 4 6± 0 12 3,分泌期组 3 2 0± 0 176 ,内膜炎组 4 78± 0 12 ,非典型性增生组 6 10±0 2 5 ,子宫内膜癌组 8 70± 0 93,相应mRNA含量依次为 92 8± 8 2 2fpg/ μg ,6 4 9± 11 0 8fpg/ μg ,79 4± 5 83fpg/ μg ,2 99 3± 10 6 8fpg/ μg ,4 93 0± 2 9 5 8fpg/ μg) ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,内膜癌中 ,高分化细胞Cox 2表达高于低分化细胞 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。非典型性增生组Cox 2表达显著高于正常内膜和内膜炎组 ,增殖期组Cox 2表达高于分泌期组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　Cox 2可能在子宫内膜癌发生发展中起重要作用 ,可为子宫内膜癌的化学预防和化疗的辅助治疗提供新靶点     

双歧杆菌对窒息新生儿红细胞免疫功能的影响

目的 :研究双歧杆菌活菌制剂对窒息新生儿红细胞免疫功能的影响。方法 :窒息新生儿 38例随机分为金双歧治疗组 (简称治疗组 ) 2 0例和非金双歧治疗组 (简称对照组 ) 1 8例。于生后 2 4h内采血检测红细胞C3b受体花环率 (E C3bRR)和红细胞免疫复合物花环率 (E ICR) ,随后予以脱水、止惊等常规治疗 ,治疗组加金双歧 (双歧杆菌活菌制剂 )口服 7d ,并于第 7～ 8天各组再次抽血进行上述检测。结果 :生后第 1天两组新生儿E C3bRR和E ICR差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5) ;7～ 8d时治疗组E C3bRR为 (1 9 2 0±4 1 2 ) %显著高于对照组 (1 2 2 7%± 3 63 % ,p <0 0 5) ,E ICR为 (1 1 53± 3 1 8) %显著低于对照组(1 5 40 %± 3 0 2 % ,p <0 0 5)。 结论 :双歧杆菌可使红细胞免疫功能上调 ,从而增强窒息新生儿的抗感染能力和减轻脑的缺血性损伤     

樟个木虱形态特征及生物学特性

樟个木虱Triozacamphorae是近年来上海地区香樟上发生的一种新害虫。作者对其形态和生物学特性进行了研究。樟个木虱在上海以 1年发生 2代为主 ,偶发 3代。樟个木虱以低龄若虫在叶片上越冬 ,3月下旬至 4月上旬越冬代羽化 ;第 1代开始于 3月下旬 ,羽化高峰在 6月份 ;第 2代开始于 5月下旬 ,并主要以该代若虫越冬 ;第 3代若虫偶发 ,开始于 7月上旬 ,以若虫越冬。樟个木虱第 1代若虫的平均发育历期为 5 0 72d,1～ 5龄若虫的历期分别为 :1 8 .3 1± 2 .2 1d ,1 4. 90± 9. 92d,6 .1 1± 2 . 2 0d,5 .80±3 . 61d ,5 60± 1 5 1d。成虫的寿命为 3～ 1 1d ,平均寿命为 6 41d。樟个木虱的产卵量为 3 9. 1粒 雌虫。2 4℃下 ,卵历期 5～ 7d不等 ,平均为 5. 3 4± 0 . 5 7d ,卵平均孵化率为 83 . 7%。樟个木虱低龄若虫中 3龄若虫最耐高温 ,其次为 2龄若虫 ,1龄若虫最不耐高温。     

华芬酶-1600对长颈鹿日粮营养物质消化率的影响

在长颈鹿日粮中添加精料量的 0 0‰、 0 8‰、 1 0‰、 1 2‰剂量华芬酶 - 16 0 0 ,采用分期试验法对 3只成年健康长颈鹿进行 4期消化试验。结果表明 ,添加外源酶后 ,长颈鹿对日粮干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维的消化率均明显提高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,尤其是粗纤维的消化率 ,以第Ⅳ期 (添加 1 2‰ )最为显著 (P <0 0 5 )。因此 ,推荐添加量为 1 2‰。     

分别阻断β 1 和β 2 -AR对小鼠胰岛素低血糖休克的影响

分别阻断小鼠 β1 和 β2 AR后进行了加速胰岛素低血糖休克的研究。结果表明 ,对照组的休克率为 4 7 3 % ,潜伏期为 (1 64 8± 3 1 9)min ;阻断 β1 AR组的休克率增加到 74 % (P <0 0 0 5 ) ,潜伏期减少到(1 4 3 8± 4 5 6)min (P <0 0 5 ) ;阻断 β2 AR组的休克率降低到 1 5 3 % (P <0 0 0 5 ) ,潜伏期为 (1 4 9 3±4 9 1 )min (P >0 2 )。证明阻断 β1 AR可加速小鼠的胰岛素低血糖休克 ,而阻断 β2 AR反而延缓了小鼠的胰岛素低血糖休克     

家兔供体卵裂球细胞周期对核移植胚胎发育的影响

通过化学药物处理使家兔桑椹胚卵裂球的细胞周期分别同期化于G1、S或G2期 ,然后分别移入去核的MⅡ期卵母细胞中 ,以研究供体核细胞周期对家兔胚胎细胞核移植效率的影响。试验结果表明供体核细胞周期对家兔核移植胚胎的发育潜力有明显影响 ,以G1期卵裂球为供体的核移植重组胚的激活率、卵裂率、桑椹胚、囊胚和孵化囊胚率及囊胚平均细胞数分别为 87 3% (32 2 / 36 9)、 84 9% (2 99/ 35 2 )、 71 5 % (193/ 2 70 )、5 8 0 % (76 / 131)、 35 1% (4 6 / 131)和 12 6± 4 8,显著高于S期 [79 6 % (10 9/ 137)、 74 4% (93/ 12 5 )、30 3% (33/ 10 9)、19 3% (17/ 88)、 6 8% (6 / 88)和 118 8± 3 5 ]、G2期 [6 3 6 % (70 / 110 )、6 0 % (6 0 / 10 0 )、16 9% (11/ 6 5 )、 16 3% (7/ 43)、 4 7% (2 / 43)和 110 6± 5 8]和未经同期化处理的卵裂球 [78 1% (185 /2 37)、 73 2 % (15 8/ 2 16 )、 49 4% (4 3/ 87)、 32 2 % (2 8/ 87)、 12 6 % (11/ 87)和 12 0 5± 4 4](P <0 0 5 )。来源于G1期卵裂球的 144枚克隆胚胎移植到 12只受体中 ,6只妊娠并产下 19只活仔 ,产仔率为 13 2 % ,显著高于来源于S期 (5 8% ,7/ 12 0 )、G2期 (0 ,0 / 12 6 )或未同期化卵裂球的克隆胚胎 (5 3% ,8/ 15 0 ) (P <0     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.