棉铃虫细胞色素P450 CYP9A12基因5''''-上游区的克隆及序列分析

细胞色素P450基因CYP9A12的过量表达已被证实与棉铃虫Heliocverpa armigera 对拟除虫菊酯的抗性相关.为探明棉铃虫CYP9A12基因的表达调控机理,根据棉铃虫CYP9A12基因cDNA全长的5'-末端核苷酸序列,采用基因组步移方法,获得CYP9A12的5'-上游区序列(总长为3 575 bp).与cDNA序列进行比对,表明在起始密码子上游3 bp处有一长为2 124 bp的内含子.利用NNPP分析软件预测出转录起始位点,与根据CYP9A12全长cDNA序列推测的结果是一致的.TFSEARCH 1.3软件分析转录因子结合位点的结果显示,该序列不仅包含启动子的核心结构序列--TATA-box和CAAT-box,亦包含多个转录因子结合位点,如GATA-1,CdxA,Dfd等.本研究结果为深入研究棉铃虫CYP9A12的表达调控机制及其参与杀虫剂抗性的分子机理奠定了一定基础.     

棉铃虫细胞色素P450 CYP9A12基因5′-上游区的克隆及序列分析

细胞色素P450基因CYP9A12的过量表达已被证实与棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera对拟除虫菊酯的抗性相关。为探明棉铃虫CYP9A12基因的表达调控机理,根据棉铃虫CYP9A12基因cDNA全长的5′-末端核苷酸序列,采用基因组步移方法,获得CYP9A12的5′-上游区序列（总长为3 575 bp）。与cDNA序列进行比对,表明在起始密码子上游3 bp处有一长为2 124 bp的内含子。利用NNPP分析软件预测出转录起始位点,与根据CYP9A12全长cDNA序列推测的结果是一致的。TFSEARCH 1.3软件分析转录因子结合位点的结果显示,该序列不仅包含启动子的核心结构序列——TATA-box和CAAT-box,亦包含多个转录因子结合位点,如GATA-1,CdxA,Dfd等。本研究结果为深入研究棉铃虫CYP9A12的表达调控机制及其参与杀虫剂抗性的分子机理奠定了一定基础。     

柑橘青霉菌CYP51B基因和上游调控区克隆及生物信息学分析

【目的】克隆柑橘青霉菌(意大利青霉菌,Penicillium italicum)CYP51的同源基因,并对基因序列进行生物信息学分析。【方法】通过PCR及染色体步移技术得到基因的完整序列及上下游调控序列。通过生物信息学手段对基因的结构进行分析:使用NNPP分析软件预测转录起始位点,并利用TFSEARCH1.3软件分析转录因子结合位点。利用SWISS-MODEL在线软件对蛋白进行同源模建。【结果】克隆得到了意大利青霉菌CYP51的同源基因,命名为Pi CYP51B。获得的Pi CYP51B及上下游调控区序列总长为3 496 bp,包括上游910 bp和下游834 bp的序列。Pi CYP51B基因的开放阅读框全长1 575 bp,编码524个氨基酸。该基因含有3个分别为74、51、52 bp的内含子,分别位于247 bp与320 bp之间,519 bp与569 bp之间,1 635 bp与1 686 bp之间。Pi CYP51B 5′上游调控区序列的总长为579 bp。生物信息学分析结果显示:转录起始位点位于上游458 bp处;上游调控区不仅包含启动子的核心结构序列TATA盒(位于-25 bp处),也包含多个转录因子结合位点,如Abd-B、ADR1、AP-4、GATA-1、Cdx A、Clox和Oct-1等。在上游调控序列中嘌呤含量高,而且从+387 bp处开始存在4个连续高嘌呤含量的热激转录因子特异性结合位点(HSF);在+106 bp处开始存在3个连续的Cdx A转录因子结合位点。选用人CYP51晶体结构(PDB ID:3LD6)为模板,利用SWISS-MODEL在线软件构建了意大利青霉菌CYP51B蛋白的结构模型。【结论】克隆了意大利青霉Pi CYP51B基因,其上游含有多个热激应答转录因子特异性结合位点(HSF)表明其参与逆境应答。该基因作为意大利青霉菌CYP51的同源基因,可能与青霉菌对真菌药物的抗药性密切相关。     

人G6PD基因启动子区结合蛋白的生物信息学分析

目的:对人G6PD基因启动子区结合蛋白进行生物信息学分析。方法:从Gene Bank数据库中获取人G6PD基因5’调控区,使用在线软件JASPAR对该序列可能存在的转录因子结合位点进行预测。结果:获得人G6PD基因5’调控区序列2200 bp(-2000~+200 bp)。Relative profile score threshold在85%、90%、95%和100%时,该序列存在805、258、66和17个可能的转录因子结合位点,包含Maf G、Pdx1、Prrx2、MZF1、SPIB、KLF5和SP1等因子。结论:人G6PD基因5’调控区存在多种转录因子的结合位点,这些转录因子大多与胰腺发育、肿瘤发生和氧化应激有关。     

按蚊防御素基因家族转录模式和启动子的生物信息学分析

运用生物信息学方法分析冈比亚按（Anopheles gambiae）中防御素基因家族的表达模式和启动子保守区。在ENSEMBL数据库中搜索防御素基因家族序列,然后将基因编号输入angaGEDUCI数据库中进行分析。结果在冈比亚按蚊中存在有4个防御素基因的异构体分子,其中DEF1基因表达模式与其它3个基因存在明显差异。4个防御素基因启动子序列都存在AP-1、GATA-1、GCN4、GR、HNF-3B、TFIID6个转录因子的识别结合位点,表明这6个转录因子是冈比亚按蚊防御素基因家族表达调控所必需的。值得注意的是,DEF1基因启动子序列中存在与性别决定翦关的SOXproteins转录因子的结合位点,暗示DEF1基因的转录调控可能与性别分化有关;而在DEF2基因启动子序列中存在有热激因子（HSTF）的识别结合位点,表明热刺激会调控DEF2基因的表达。     

人Sirt6基因启动子区结合蛋白的生物信息学分析

目的:对人Sirt6基因启动子区结合蛋白进行生物信息学分析。方法:从Gene Bank数据库中获取人Sirt6基因5’调控区,使用在线软件JASPAR对该序列可能存在的转录因子结合位点进行预测。结果:Relative profile score threshold在85%、90%、95%和100%时,该序列存在939、276、70和9个可能的转录因子结合位点,包含Ahr、SPIB、Pdx1、Prrx2、MZF1、Mafb和KLF5等。结论:人Sirt6基因5’调控区存在多种转录因子的结合位点,这些转录因子大多与免疫系统调节、肿瘤发生和代谢调节等有关。     

肺癌细胞中调控ezrin基因基本转录活性的顺式作用元件及转录因子的鉴定

研究发现,质膜-细胞骨架连接蛋白Ezrin在多种肿瘤细胞中异常表达,而且Ezrin的表达上调与肿瘤细胞的移动侵袭相关,但是调控ezrin基因转录的分子机制却不清楚.为了探明ezrin基因的转录调控机制,以肺癌细胞A549为材料,首先采用双荧光素酶报告基因分析系统检测ezrin基因5′侧翼嵌套缺失序列和位点突变序列的转录活性,鉴定肺癌细胞中ezrin基因的基本启动子区以及关键的顺式作用元件Sp1结合位点(-75/-69)和AP-1结合位点(-64/-58).其次,利用凝胶电泳迁移率变动分析证明,肺癌细胞核蛋白提取物能够与ezrin基因含有关键顺式作用元件的DNA序列结合,形成DNA-核蛋白复合物,而且Sp1结合位点和AP-1结合位点与重组蛋白rhSp1和rhAP-1的结合具有位点特异性.最后,利用瞬时转染实验证实,转录因子Sp1和AP-1(由c-Jun和c-Fos组成的异源二聚体)分别通过Sp1结合位点和AP-1结合位点,增强ezrin基因基本转录活性,而且,过表达转录因子Sp1、c-Jun或c-Fos上调了Ezrin蛋白表达.研究确定,肺癌细胞中调控ezrin基因基本转录活性的关键顺式作用元件是Sp1结合位点(-75/-69)和AP-1结合位点(-64/-58),与之作用的转录因子Sp1和AP-1对于ezrin基因的转录激活作用至关重要.     

牦牛BLG基因5'调控成分的克隆及序列分析

目的:克隆牦牛β-乳球蛋白(BLG)基因5'调控成分(3.5kb).方法:利用PCR方法克隆了牦牛BLG基因5'侧翼区,并进行生物信息学分析表明.结论:获得了3.5kb的BLG基因5'调控成分,其中包括5'侧翼区(2 472bp),第一外显子及第一内含子(1 066bp).该序列与牛、绵羊和山羊的同源性分别为98.42%、89.61%和84.41%;平均GC含量为49.3%;存在一个CpG岛;可能存在一个启动子位点,位于起始密码子前-83bp处;AliBaba2.1分析发现该区域有47种潜在的转录因子结合位点,其中包括乳蛋白结合因子(MPBF)、乳腺活化因子(MAF)、糖皮质激素受体(GR)、雌激素受体(ER)、核因子1(NF-1)等结合位点,提示该调控成分可用于构建乳腺特异性表达载体.结果:成功克隆出BLG基因5'侧翼区,为构建转基因牦牛乳腺生物反应器的特异性表达载体奠定基础.     

人类基因组miRNA转录调控区保守性DNA序列生物信息学分析

MicroRNA(miPNA)的表达调控方式一直是一个有争议的问题,为了研究miRNA潜在的转录调控特点,本文通过Sanger网站miRNA数据库获得人类miRNA的信息,并建立miRNA相关信息数据库,用MEME和Wordspy两个软件对其上游2 000 bp序列进行保守性分析,得到保守性的DNA序YU(motif),用TESS软件分析保守性DNA序列,预测其转录因子结合情况.通过比较位于基因间、反义链和内含子中的三类不同miRNA转录调控区的保守性和自主转录能力的差异,结果发现位于基因间、反义链上的miRNA上游调控区的保守性比位于内含子的miRNA高,在miRNA的转录调控区存在RNA聚合酶Ⅱ类型的转录因子结合位点,miRNA还表现出自身独特的转录调控方式.通过分析,我们还得到了miRNA表达调控中一些重要的转录因子以及独特的调控序列.本研究结果为miRNA转录调控机制的进一步研究提供了理论依据.     

Preparation of 6-deoxy-6-fluorocellulose

6-Deoxy-6-fluorocellulose was prepared from cellulose 2,3-diacetate (1) or cellulose 2,3-dibenzoate (2) in various solvents, and was characterized by ¹⁹F and ¹³C NMR measurements. The best product, having ds of 0.95 at C-6 and 0.04 at C-3, was prepared from cellulose 2,3-dibenzoate in nitrobenzene. Other combinations of starting material and solvent gave a lower (≈ 0.8) ds of fluorine at C-6 and higher (≈ 0.12) at C-2 or C-3. Substitution at C-2 was observed when the combination of 1 and 1,4-dioxane, or 2 and chloroform was used. The products substituted at C-2 by fluorine were relatively resistant to acid hydrolysis.     

Facile synthesis of 6-amino-6-deoxycellulose

6-Amino-6-deoxycellulose (4) was synthesized from cellulose by three reaction steps, namely bromination at C-6, displacement of bromine by azide ion, and reduction of the azide group to amino group, in 67% overall yield. The 13C NMR spectrum of compound 4 supports the expected structure for 6-amino-6-deoxycellulose. The degree of substitution of compound 4 was 0.96.     

New 6-butylamino-6-deoxycellulose and 6-deoxy-6-pyridiniumcellulose derivatives with highest regioselectivity and completeness of reaction

This paper investigates the nucleophilic substitution (S(N)) reactions of tosylcellulose with butylamine and pyridine, respectively. The S(N) reactions of tosylcellulose 1 (DS(Total) 2.02; DS(C-6) 1.0) with butylamine carried out at 25, 50, 75 and 100 degrees C in both dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and pure butylamine showed that the regioselectivity of substitution at C-6 of cellulose is temperature dependent: the highest regioselectivity at C-6 can be reached at 25 and 50 degrees C; substitution at C-2 also occurred at 75 and 100 degrees C. The substitution speed in pure butylamine is greater than that in the presence of DMSO. A complete and regioselective substitution at C-6 with a DS of 1.0 was obtained under the conditions of 50 degrees C, 40 h in butylamine. The substitution reactions of 1 with pyridine carried out at 25, 50, 75 and 100 degrees C for 24h in DMSO did not occur. In contrast to this the S(N) reactions done in pure pyridine showed that a temperature- and steric-dependent, regioselective substitution took place at C-6 at temperatures from 25 to 145 degrees C. The highest regioselectivity and completeness at C-6 can be obtained at 100 degrees C for 90 h, whereas at 145 degrees C substitution also occurs at C-2. The results were proved by 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy.     

Syntheses of stable isotope-labeled 6 beta-hydroxycortisol, 6 beta-hydroxycortisone,and 6 beta-hydroxytestosterone

A method is described for the preparation of two types of multi-labeled 6 beta-hydroxycortisol containing either five deuterium atoms at C-19 methyl and C-1 methylene or four 13C atoms at C-1, C-2, C-4, and C-19 in addition to the five deuterium atoms for use as analytical internal standards for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). BMD derivatives of [1,1,19,19,19-2H(5)]cortisone and [1,2,4,19-13C(4),1,1,19,19,19-2H(5)]cortisone (cortisone-2H(5)-BMD and cortisone-13C(4),2H(5)-BMD) were first synthesized via indan synthon method starting from optical active 11-oxoindanylpropionic acid and labeled isopropenyl anion ([1,1,3,3,3-2H(5)]- or [1,3-13C(2),1,1,3,3,3-2H(5)]isopropenyl anion). The labeled isopropenyl anion was prepared from commercially available [1,1,1,3,3,3-2H(6)]- or [1,3-13C(2),1,1,1,3,3,3-2H(6)]acetone. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiated autoxidation at C-6 position of 3-ethyl-3,5-dienol ether derivatives of the labeled cortisone-BMDs gave 6 beta-hydroxy-[1,1,19,19,19-2H(5)]cortisone-BMD and 6 beta-hydroxy-[1,2,4,19-13C(4),1,1,19,19,19-2H(5)]cortisone-BMD, respectively, as a mixture of 6 beta- and 6 alpha-epimers in a ratio of 4:1. Separation of 6 beta- and 6 alpha-epimers by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and subsequent hydrolysis of the BMD group at C-17 gave pure labeled 6 beta-hydroxycortisone. After protecting the keto group at C-3 of the labeled 6 beta-hydroxycortisone-BMD as semicarbazone, reduction of 11-keto group with NaBH(4) and subsequent removal of the C-3 and C-17 protecting groups gave 6beta-hydroxy-[1,1,19,19,19-2H(5)]cortisol (6 beta-hydroxycortisol-2H(5)) and 6 beta-hydroxy-[1,2,4,19-13C(4),1,1,19,19,19-2H(5)]cortisol (6 beta-hydroxycortisol-13C(4),2H(5)), respectively, as a mixture of 6 beta- and 6 alpha-epimers (6 beta:6 alpha=4.4:1). The isotopic compositions of 6 beta-hydroxycortisol-2H(5) and 6 beta-hydroxycortisol-13C(4),2H(5) were 90.9 and 92.1 at.%, respectively. Furthermore, 6 beta-hydroxy-[1 alpha,16,16,17 alpha-2H(4)]testosterone was synthesized by the UV irradiated autoxidation at C-6 position of 3-ethyl-3,5-dienol ether derivative of deuterium-labeled testosterone ([1 alpha,16,16,17 alpha-2H(4)]testosterone) obtained by using catalytic deuteration and hydrogen-deuterium exchange reactions.     

Synthesis and Properties of 6-Deoxy-6-mercapto-d-glucosamine

6-Deoxy-6-mcrcapto-α-d-glucosamine hydrochloride was synthesized from N-anisylidene-1,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-6-O-tosyl-β-d-glucosamine, and some of its properties were compared with those of α-d-glucosamine hydrochloride.     

Preparation of 6-azafulleroid-6-deoxy-2,3-di-O-myristoylcellulose

6-Azafulleroid-6-deoxy-2,3-di-O-myristoylcellulose (3) was synthesized from 6-azido-6-deoxycellulose (1) by two reaction steps. The myristoylation of compound 1 with myristoyl chloride/pyridine proceeded smoothly to give 6-azido-6-deoxy-2,3-di-O-myristoylcellulose (2) in 97.0% yield. The reaction of compound 2 with fullerene (C₆₀) was carried out by microwave heating to afford compound 3 in high yield. It was found from FT-IR, ¹³C NMR, UV–vis, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), SEC analyses that compound 3 was the expected C₆₀-containing polymer. Consequently, maximum degree of substitution of C₆₀ (DS_C60) of compound 3 was 0.33.     

Cytotoxic activity of 6-alkynyl- and 6-alkenylpurines

6-Alkynyl- and 6-alkenylpurines have been screened for cytotoxic activity against a human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line; K-562 cells using a [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation assay. Most alkynes displayed cytotoxicity comparable to, or better than, the known anticancer drugs 6-mercaptopurine and fludarabine. The 6-alkenylpurines, which are promising plant growth stimulators and 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors, exhibited only low toxicity.     

Syntheses of (+/-)-methyl 6'alpha-demethyl-6'alpha-cyanoabscisate and (+/-)-methyl 6'alpha-demethyl-6'alpha-methoxycarbonylabscisate

New abscisic acid analogs possessing a cyano or methoxycarbonyl group at the 6'alpha-position of methyl abscisate were synthesized by regioselective hydrocyanation. These compounds had weak activity in the rice second leaf sheath elongation test.