城市污泥处理处置技术及资源化利用研究

城市污泥的产量巨大并且成分复杂,如何对城市污泥处置与利用已成为人们所关注的问题.污泥是有用的生物资源,如能合理利用则不仅能变废为宝,还能增加经济效益,所以,探讨适合我国国情的有效处理处置和利用污泥的技术具有重要的现实意义.本文对城市污泥的特性、国内外处理、处置技术和污泥资源化技术的现状进行了分析,认为对污泥进行资源化利用是符合我国国情的一种经济、有效的途径,污泥的资源化利用尤其是农业利用不但可以节省大量的污泥终端处置费用,更可以为肥力低下的农田增添有机质、提高肥力,促进农业生产发展、实现农业生态环境的良性循环.     

草坪修复污泥中重金属的研究与应用

植物修复凭借低成本和环境友好的优点,在土壤修复中担任着至关重要的角色。将营养成分高且产量巨大的市政污泥用于园林栽培基质,不仅可以降低其处置成本,还可通过植物修复降低其重金属风险。本文对污泥中重金属的含量地域分布与形态特征、草坪草的生长特性及其对重金属的富集特征进行了论述,探讨了草坪富集重金属的影响因素,为污泥资源化以及后期草坪草修复土壤重金属提供技术支撑,对深入研究污泥中重金属修复及污泥的资源化利用具有指导意义。     

城市污泥农用对植物-土壤系统的影响

城市污泥的合理处置是目前资源与环境科学研究领域中的重要课题之一.城市污泥因富含大量的有机质和有效营养成分,对农业土壤肥力、土壤物理结构和农业生产均有一定的积极促进作用,使得污泥农用成为可能.但城市污泥中含有的重金属、有机污染物等有害物质尤其是重金属,成为污泥农用处置的瓶颈.为提高我国城市污泥的农业资源化利用效率和减少污染物造成的负面效应,本文就国内外施用城市污泥对植物-土壤互作系统的影响及过程进行了综述,为进一步提高污泥利用效率提供理论依据和科学指导.     

剩余污泥资源化利用新工艺研究进展

随着城市化进程加速, 污水处理厂剩余污泥大量产生, 如何对其进行处理并有效资源化利用成为广泛关注的问题。文章在综述我国城市污水处理厂剩余污泥特征、相应处理与综合利用方法的基础上, 进一步综述了污泥干化芦苇床、人工湿地、微生物燃料电池以及相关组合工艺等剩余污泥资源化利用新工艺。总结了各种新工艺的优势以及当前尚未解决的关键问题, 对未来新工艺的潜在应用进行了展望, 以期开发出低能耗、低成本、高效率、绿色生态的技术, 真正实现剩余污泥的减量化、无害化、稳定化和资源化。     

利用混合厌氧堆肥进行污水处理的研究

目的：采用堆肥技术处理城市污泥以实现城市污泥的农用资源化进行了研究。方法：重点分析了污泥与粉煤灰混合厌氧堆肥过程中重金属铜稳定化的效果,分别按照污泥与粉煤灰质量比为1∶1;3∶1和4∶1进行混合,在常温下进行厌氧堆肥17d。结果：实验表明污泥与粉煤灰3∶1混合堆肥过程中铜的稳定化效果最佳。结论：堆肥过程有利于污泥的资源化利用。     

论城市污泥农用资源化与可持续发展

根据可持续发展观的基本思想，在对城市污泥的特征、处理现状及其对农业和城市发展的影响进行分析的基础上，认为城市污泥的农用资源化对于城市和农业的可持续发展具有重要意义和紧迫性，也是未来城市污泥处置的根本出路，关键在于控制污泥中毒性污染物的含量，科学合理地施用。     

生物强化污泥厌氧发酵产酸研究进展*

污泥厌氧发酵生产挥发性脂肪酸相较产甲烷,是更具应用价值的污泥稳定途径及资源化利用方式,得到国内外学者的普遍重视。考虑到产酸量低和产酸过程的不稳定性是限制污泥发酵产酸的主要问题,采用生物强化方法实现挥发性脂肪酸的大量积累,与物理和化学方法相比,具有成本低、无二次污染等优点。根据生物强化制剂的类型,归纳了微生物纯培养物、微生物混合培养物及生物酶强化对污泥厌氧发酵产酸的影响,并在此基础上对生物强化技术控制污泥定向产酸、调控奇偶数碳比率等方面的应用进行讨论。此外,分析了影响挥发性脂肪酸产量和组分的因素,如pH、温度、底物、水力停留时间和污泥龄等。最后对生物强化技术的发展方向进行了展望,以期为深入探究污泥资源化利用提供借鉴。     

污泥的农林处置与利用

1　污泥处置与农林利用现状污泥处置与利用 ,乃当前环境科学中的重要课题。一些污水处理的专家认为 ,污泥处置是污水处理厂当前迫切要解决的难度最大的问题。污泥的处置主要包括农用、填埋、焚烧、排海等。据1 996年资料报道 ,世界上 1 2个发达国家对污泥的处置方式 (表 1 ) ,45.3%为农用 ,38%为填埋 ,1 0 .5%为焚烧 ,6.0 %为排海。西欧、美国和英国的污泥处置 ,西欧以填埋为主 ,美国和英国以农用为主 ,加拿大以焚烧为主 (占 40 % ) [1 ] 。 1 991年和1 998年 ,美国和欧盟已规定禁止向海洋倾倒污泥[1 1 ] ,并且一些发达国家已经明令禁止焚烧…     

基于热水解的高效污泥厌氧消化技术研究进展

污水处理厂产生的大量剩余污泥,是目前困扰市政工程的主要问题之一,对其进行减量化、稳定化、无害化和资源化是污泥处理处置的核心任务。厌氧消化技术是目前最广泛使用的污泥处理工艺之一,但厌氧消化技术受到污泥低水解速率的制约。基于热水解的高效污泥厌氧消化技术不仅打破传统厌氧消化的水解限速,还在改善污泥流变特性和化学特性、提高污泥厌氧消化效率和新兴污染物的去除等方面有着明显的优势。综述了热水解预处理对污泥特性和对系统中新兴污染物去除特性的影响,总结了目前的研究成果并展望了发展前景,指出工艺运行条件的进一步优化和经济可行性的系统评价是其推广使用的重要支撑。     

利用剩余活性污泥合成聚羟基脂肪酸酯的研究进展

利用单一微生物发酵是现阶段获得聚羟基脂肪酸酯 (PHA) 的主要方式,但过高的生产成本限制了其大规模应用。近年来利用活性污泥菌群混合培养合成PHA被广泛研究。将剩余污泥处理与PHA合成相结合,不仅可以省去纯培养所必需的灭菌环节,同时可以实现剩余污泥的资源化利用。剩余污泥的水解酸化、菌群富集驯化及PHA合成受环境因素影响,深入的生物合成机制研究有助于混合培养合成PHA的推广应用。文中主要介绍利用剩余污泥合成PHA的可行性、影响剩余污泥水解酸化的因素、污泥菌群富集驯化合成PHA及其机制等方面的研究进展。     

污水处理综合系统环境经济效益评估

污水处理、处理水处理和污泥处理是污水处理综合系统的3个基本单元.本文运用能值分析和新构建的能值指标评估了处理水回用与排放、污泥填埋与堆肥对系统整体性能的影响.该系统的价值包括环境收益和产品输出两方面.前者可通过污水处理前后的环境服务差值计算.由于系统内部物质和能量的转化数据难以获知,产品价值通过新提出的替代价值核算.结果表明： “污水处理+处理水回用+污泥填埋”的竞争力最高,“污水处理+处理水回用+蚯蚓堆肥”的可持续性能最高;处理水回用和蚯蚓堆肥均有助于提高系统可持续性;处理水回用与否应综合考虑处理水水质和当地条件;污泥蚯蚓堆肥的资源化效率还有待提高;改进的能值指标更适宜于污水处理综合系统效益评估.     

城市污泥土地利用研究

通过培养试验、盆栽试验和田间试验系统地研究了污泥的组分特征、性质及其农地和城市园林绿化地利用对作物或绿化灌木、土壤肥力及其环境的影响,结果表明,污泥富含有机质和氮磷养分,且养分当季有效性介于化肥农家肥之间。施用污泥将明显提高土壤肥力,表现改善土壤物理性质;增加土壤肥机质和氮磷水平,并增加土壤生物活性,因此施用污泥的处理作物产量较高,并有利于后茬作物的稳健生长。但污泥施用也存在重金属、病原物等污染     

Study of microbial community structures in UASB sludge treating municipal wastewater by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA

The structures of microbial communities in lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors for treating municipal wastewater with different ratios of COD soluble/COD total were studied using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA genes.The microbial structure of the inoculum sludge obtained from a full-scale UASB reactor of treating potato processing wastewater was compared with the structures of sludges collected from three lab-scale UASB reactors after eight months feeding with raw municipal wastewater, with CEPS (chemically enhanced primary sedimentation) pretreated municipal wastewater, and with a synthetic municipal sewage, respectively. Computer-aided numerical analysis of the DGGE fingerprints showed that the bacterial community underwent major changes. The sludges for treating raw and CEPS pretreated wastewater had very similar bacterial and archaeal communities (82%and 96% similarity) but were different from that for treating the synthetic sewage. Hence, despite similar % COD in the particulate form in the synthetic and the real wastewater, the two wastewaters were selected for different microbial communities. Prominent DGGE bands of Bacteria and Archaea were purified and sequenced. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the dominant archaeal bands found in the inoculum, and UASB sludge fed with raw sewage, CEPS pretreated wastewater, and synthetic sewage were closely associated with Methanosaeta concilii. In the UASB sludge fed with synthetic sewage, another dominant band associated with an uncultured archaeon 39-2 was found together with M. concilii.     

Study of microbial community structures in UASB sludge treating municipal wastewater by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA

The structures of microbial communities in lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors for treating municipal wastewater with different ratios of COD soluble/ COD total were studied using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA genes. The microbial structure of the inoculum sludge obtained from a full-scale UASB reactor of treating potato processing wastewater was compared with the structures of sludges collected from three lab-scale UASB reactors after eight months feeding with raw municipal wastewater, with CEPS (chemically enhanced primary sedimentation) pretreated municipal wastewater, and with a synthetic municipal sewage, respectively. Computer-aided numerical analysis of the DGGE fingerprints showed that the bacterial community underwent major changes. The sludges for treating raw and CEPS pretreated wastewater had very similar bacterial and archaeal communities (82% and 96% similarity) but were different from that for treating the synthetic sewage. Hence, despite     

Study of microbial community structures in UASB sludge treating municipal wastewater by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA

The structures of microbial communities in lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors for treating municipal wastewater with different ratios of COD_soluble/ COD_total were studied using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA genes. The microbial structure of the inoculum sludge obtained from a full-scale UASB reactor of treating potato processing wastewater was compared with the structures of sludges collected from three lab-scale UASB reactors after eight months feeding with raw municipal wastewater, with CEPS (chemically enhanced primary sedimentation) pretreated municipal wastewater, and with a synthetic municipal sewage, respectively. Computer-aided numerical analysis of the DGGE fingerprints showed that the bacterial community underwent major changes. The sludges for treating raw and CEPS pretreated wastewater had very similar bacterial and archaeal communities (82% and 96% similarity) but were different from that for treating the synthetic sewage. Hence, despite similar % COD in the particulate form in the synthetic and the real wastewater, the two wastewaters were selected for different microbial communities. Prominent DGGE bands of Bacteria and Archaea were purified and sequenced. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the dominant archaeal bands found in the inoculum, and UASB sludge fed with raw sewage, CEPS pretreated wastewater, and synthetic sewage were closely associated withMethanosaeta concilii. In the UASB sludge fed with synthetic sewage, another dominant band associated with an uncultured archaeon 39-2 was found together withM. concilii.     

Methanogenic toxicity in anaerobic digesters treating municipal wastewater

In upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) digesters treating raw sewage at low temperatures, the sludge progressively lost methanogenic activity, indicating the possibility of methanogenic activity inhibition caused by wastewater constituents. To check this fact, batch and semi-continuous methanogenic toxicity assays were carried out with raw and centrifuged sewage. Permanent methanogenic toxicity on anaerobic sludge of approximately 50% was found when the sludge exposure to wastewater was renewed in a semi-continuous way. A stronger methanogenic inhibition of about 70-100% was observed when an active anaerobic sludge was exposed to mixed liquor from the UASB digester treating municipal wastewater. Suspended solids removal from sewage slightly reduced methanogenic toxicity. Effective concentration of municipal wastewater that caused a 50% reduction in methanogenic activity was estimated to be in the range of 150-200 mg CODl(-1). As methanogenic inhibition appeared to be related to remaining COD, higher methanogenic toxicity in digesters operating with low conversion efficiency will be expected.     

Near-Bottom Pelagic Bacteria at a Deep-Water Sewage Sludge Disposal Site

The epibenthic bacterial community at deep-ocean sewage sludge disposal site DWD-106, located approximately 106 miles (ca. 196 km) off the coast of New Jersey, was assessed for changes associated with the introduction of large amounts of sewage sludge. Mixed cultures and bacterial isolates obtained from water overlying sediment core samples collected at the deep-water (2,500 m) municipal sewage disposal site were tested for the ability to grow under in situ conditions of temperature and pressure. The responses of cultures collected at a DWD-106 station heavily impacted by sewage sludge were compared with those of samples collected from a station at the same depth which was not contaminated by sewage sludge. Significant differences were observed in the ability of mixed bacterial cultures and isolates from the two sites to grow under deep-sea pressure and temperature conditions. The levels of sludge contamination were established by enumerating Clostridium perfringens, a sewage indicator bacterium, in sediment samples from the two sites. The results of hybridization experiments in which DNAs extracted directly from the water overlying sediment core samples were used indicate that the reference site epibenthic community, the disposal site epibenthic community, and the community in a surface sludge plume share many members. Decreased culturability of reference site mixed cultures in the presence of sewage sludge was observed. Thus, the culturable portions of both the autochthonous and allochthonous bacterial communities at the disposal site may be inhibited in situ, the former by sewage sludge and the latter by high pressure and low temperature.     

Minimization of excess sludge production by in-situ activated sludge treatment processes — A comprehensive review

The widespread application of conventional activated sludge treatment process has been employed to deal with a variety of municipal and industrial sewage. While the generation of waste activated sludge (WAS) was considerably huge, the management and disposal expenses were substantially costly. A promising process aimed for WAS reduction during the operation process is urgently needed. Thus, increasing attentions emphasizing on the improved or novel sludge reduction processes should be intensively recommended in the future. This review presents the current and emerging technologies for excess sludge minimization within the process of sewage treatment. The ultimate purpose of this paper is to guide or inspire researchers who are seeking feasible and promising technologies (or processes) to tackle the severe WAS problem.     

Bacterial perspectives on the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes in domestic wastewater bio-treatment systems: beneficiary to victim

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - Domestic wastes, ranging from sewage and sludge to municipal solid waste, are usually treated in bioprocessing systems. These systems are regarded as main...