甘菊DFL::EGFP高效融合蛋白表达载体的构建

增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP)是一种优化的突变型GFP,DFL是从甘菊中分离出的LFY基因的同源序列。为了研究DFL基因的功能和表达模式,研究利用小片段克隆法将linker序列插入到EGFP基因5′端启始密码子前面,在pBI121载体的CaMV35S启动子的3′端后面插入一段多克隆位点,成功地构建了pBI-DFL-EGFP表达载体。通过设计特异引物,利用PCR技术扩增得了到拟南芥LFY基因的启动子序列,用粘性末端PCR技术将pBI-DFL-EGFP表达载体中CaMV35S启动子替换成LFY基因启动子,构建成了pLFY-DFL-EGFP表达载体。用含有pBI-DFL-EGFP和pLFY-DFL-EGFP质粒的农杆菌侵染洋葱表皮细胞,在荧光显微镜下分别用蓝光激发,均观测到了荧光。这一结果表明,融合蛋白DFL∷EGFP表达载体构建成功,同时还证明了通过PCR技术克隆到的LFY启动子序列具有启动子功能。     

杧果LEAFY同源基因的分离及序列分析

分析在植物开花过程中起重要作用的LEAFY(LFY)基因的保守区序列,设计1对长度均为23bp的PCR引物,以杧果基因组DNA为模板,采用PCR方法扩增出长为822bp的DNA片段,克隆入pGEM-T Easy载体。测序和序列分析表明,获得了杧果LFY同源基因(miLFY)3’端的1个片段,该片段有1个415bp的内含子,编码区共编码135个氨基酸,其序列已经在GenBank中登记(登录号AY189684)。在GenBank中进行同源性检索,发现其氨基酸序列与其它植物LFY同源基因的氨基酸序列同源性高达74%~97%,推测它们具有相似的功能。     

IFITM1基因真核表达质粒的构建及鉴定

目的:获得IFITM1基因片段并构建真核表达质粒.方法:采用RT-PCR技术扩增IFITM1,将扩增产物连接至pcDNA3.1载体,对重组质粒进行测序验证,结果:构建了真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1-IFITM1,通过酶切、测序等方法验证完全正确.结论:成功构建了IFITM1基因的真核表达质粒,为下一步探讨IFITM1基因在子宫颈癌HeLa细胞中的作用提供了实验基础.     

新基因PRR11的克隆、原核表达及鉴定

克隆新基因PRR11的开放阅读框区,构建其原核表达载体,并进行表达检测及鉴定.以Hela细胞cDNA为模板,RT-PCR扩增PRR11基因,克隆入原核表达载体PET-28a中,酶切、测序鉴定确认获得PRR11基因的重组原核表达载体PET-28a-PRR11.然后把PET-28a-PRR11重组载体转化到BL21中,经IPTG诱导蛋白表达,提取细胞蛋白并采用SDS-PAGE和蛋白质免疫印迹法检测目的蛋白的表达情况.结果表明成功扩增了PRR11基因,双酶切、测序鉴定证实目的基因成功克隆到原核表达载体PET-28a中,目的蛋白成功表达.成功构建的PRR11基因的原核表达载体,及PRR11的重组蛋白表达产物,为进一步研究PRR11的基因功能奠定了基础.     

Alternative splicing of flowering regulatory gene LFY in Arabidopsis thaliana

为研究拟南芥成花调控基因LFY,我们采用RT-PCR方法分离克隆了三种选择性剪接的片段,分别命名为LFY1239,LFY1263和LFY1275.序列分析表明LFY1263包含一个大小为1 263 bp的开放阅读框,与之前报道的LFY基因片段大小相同,而LFY1239在第一外显子的3'端缺失了36 bp,LFY1275在第一内含子的3'末端插入了12 bp.对几种片段表达部位的分析显示,LFY1239只能在营养生长期的莲座叶中表达,而LFY1263和LFY1275在营养生长期和花期的花器官和莲座叶中都可以检测到,并且,LFY1263呈现出主导地位,LFY1275与LFY1263表达的比例表现为花器官高于莲座叶,该比例的变化可能预示着与成花调控有关.     

葫芦藓LEAFY基因和启动子的克隆及表达分析

本研究以孢子植葫芦藓为试验材料,采用Tail-PCR与RT-PCR相结合的方法克隆得到葫芦藓LFY基因(FhLFY)的完整片段,该基因DNA全长为2 527bp,包含4个外显子和3个内含子序列,有1个1 050 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码349个氨基酸.通过Tail-PCR技术克隆得到905 bp的FhLFY基因启动子序列,利用PlantCARE启动子在线预测工具分析表明该序列含有CAT-box、CATT-box等启动子的特定结构,还包含低温响应元件、光响应元件等.通过采用荧光定量PCR方法对葫芦藓不同发育时期与不同组织的LFY基因的表达进行检测,发现LFY基因表达量在葫芦藓孢子体世代的孢子体中最高,推测LFY基因可能与孢子发育有关.在脱水胁迫条件处理下,葫芦藓LFY基因随处理时间的增加其表达量也随之增加,在3.5 h时表达量达到最高,且表达量差异最显著,推测LFY基因的表达受干旱因子的调控.本研究为LFY基因在苔藓植物中的表达模式分析以及苔藓植物在系统演化等方面的研究提供了基础资料,同时也为探索内含子的起源与进化提供了有价值的研究线索.     

HIV-1辅受体配体的融合表达载体的构建及表达

应用PCR扩增RANTES-KDEL基因,鉴定后与真核表达载体pCMV-S/K连接,构建成HIV-1辅受体的配体、趋化因子RANTES和SDF-1的融合表达载体pCMV-R-K-S-K,酶切鉴定和测序证明成功构建了pCMV-R-K-S-K融合表达载体.脂质体介导pCMV-R-K-S-K转染HeLa细胞,间接免疫荧光证实RANTES和SDF-1可高效表达于HeLa细胞.结果表明构建的pCMV-R-K-S-K融合表达载体能在HeLa细胞中高效表达,可用于下一步的HIV-1感染实验.     

肥胖基因的分离及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

利用PCR技术自外周血白细胞染色体DNA中扩增获取了肥胖基因(ob基因)的外显子2和3序列.经过拼接,获得了全长的ob基因编码序列. 测序结果表明,获得的序列与文献报道完全一致.利用PCR技术扩增出成熟蛋白的编码序列,克隆至表达载体pBV220中获得了表达菌株,并对表达产物进行了初步纯化,为进一步研究ob基因产物的功能与应用奠定了基础.     

人色素域解旋酶DNA结合蛋白5的基因克隆及其真核表达载体的构建

目的:克隆人色素域解旋酶DNA结合蛋白5(chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 5,CHD5)基因并构建真核表达载体.方法:应用PCR扩增人CHD5基因的编码区,使用基因重组方法构建真核细胞表达载体peGFPc1-CHD5,实时定量PCR技术检测重组质粒peGFPc1-CHD5转染293T工具细胞后的过表达能力.结果:经过PCR方法,有效扩增了CHD5基因编码区,构建了peGFPc1-CHD5真核细胞表达质粒,测序分析表明所克隆的CHD5基因编码区序列无误.实时定量PCR检测结果表明重组质粒peGFPc1-CHD5能有效地过表达CHD5基因.结论:成功地构建了人CHD5的真核细胞表达载体peGFPc1-CHD5.并在293T工具细胞中实现过表达,为进一步研究奠定了实验基础.     

1．3倍体HBV YIDD变异株真核表达载体构建及鉴定

构建HBV YIDD拉米夫定耐药株1．3倍全基因真核表达载体,为进一步探讨乙肝病毒变异株的生物学特性及筛选抗病毒药物奠定基础。参考GenBankHBV序列设计并合成一系列引物,以临床证实为拉米夫定耐药的病人HBV DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增得到HBV全基因组并克隆至pGEM—T Easy载体中,经测序证实聚合酶基因存在YIDD变异,然后以该病人的HBV全基因组为模板构建1．3倍全基因HBV—YIDD变异真核表达载体pcDNA3．1（＋）-1．3HBV。通过PCR扩增,酶切及测序证明pcDNA3．1（＋）-1．3HBV表达载体构建成功,该表达载体的构建为后期建立稳定表达HBV—YIDD变异的细胞模型提供材料。     

花序分生组织特性基因TFL1的系统发育及其功能分析

TFL1同源基因在维持植物营养生长和花序分生组织特性方面起着非常重要的作用,其功能的丧失常导致植物提早开花,花序的正常发育受到抑制,最终茎端形成顶花。至今已经有28种植物的TFL1基因被克隆到,其中包括拟南芥、金鱼草和番茄等模式植物。TFL1 蛋白的系统发育树基本符合物种的亲缘关系。作为花序分生组织特性基因的TFL1与花分生组织特性基因LFY 和AP1相互作用,抑制花序分生组织向花分生组织的转变。TFL1和LFY等基因可用来培育早花新品种,也可用于培育无果的新品种,减少悬铃木、杨、柳等果毛的污染。     

Genetic Interactions That Regulate Inflorescence Development in Arabidopsis

In Arabidopsis, floral meristems arise in continuous succession directly on the flanks of the inflorescence meristem. Thus, the pathways that regulate inflorescence and floral meristem identity must operate both simultaneously and in close spatial proximity. The TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) gene of Arabidopsis is required for normal inflorescence meristem function, and the LEAFY (LFY), APETALA 1 (AP1), and APETALA 2 (AP2) genes are required for normal floral meristem function. We present evidence that inflorescence meristem identity is promoted by TFL1 and that floral meristem identity is promoted by parallel developmental pathways, one defined by LFY and the other defined by AP1/AP2. Our analysis suggests that the acquisition of meristem identity during inflorescence development is mediated by antagonistic interactions between TFL1 and LFY and between TFL1 and AP1/AP2. Based on this study, we propose a simple model for the genetic regulation of inflorescence development in Arabidopsis. This model is discussed in relation to the proposed interactions between the inflorescence and the floral meristem identity genes and in regard to other genes that are likely to be part of the genetic hierarchy regulating the establishment and maintenance of inflorescence and floral meristems.     

NFL1, a Nicotiana tabacum LEAFY-like gene, controls meristem initiation and floral structure.

The Arabidopsis LEAFY (LFY) gene product induces cells of the shoot apical meristem to differentiate into floral primordia by acting as a master regulator of downstream floral homeotic genes. Tobacco, an allotetraploid, possesses two homologous genes, NFL1 and NFL2, which are 97% identical in amino acid sequence and share 73% amino acid sequence identity with LFY. In order to test whether the highly conserved tobacco orthologue, NFL1, shares functional identity with LFY, we created transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants that constitutively express the NFL1 cDNA. Our results indicate that NFL1 plays a critical role in the allocation of meristematic cells that differentiate lateral structures such as leaves and branches, thereby determining the architecture of the wild-type tobacco shoot. NFL1 also regulates floral meristem development and does so through the control of cell proliferation as well as cell identity. Surprisingly, unlike ectopic LFY expression, which can act as a floral trigger, ectopic NFL1 expression does not promote severe precocious flowering in Nicotiana tabacum suggesting that variations in amino acid sequence among members of the LFY-like gene family have led to divergence in the functional roles of these genes.     

FALSIFLORA, the tomato orthologue of FLORICAULA and LEAFY, controls flowering time and floral meristem identity

Characterization of the tomato falsiflora mutant shows that fa mutation mainly alters the development of the inflorescence resulting in the replacement of flowers by secondary shoots, but also produces a late-flowering phenotype with an increased number of leaves below first and successive inflorescences. This pattern suggests that the FALSIFLORA (FA) locus regulates both floral meristem identity and flowering time in tomato in a similar way to the floral identity genes FLORICAULA (FLO) of Antirrhinum and LEAFY (LFY) of Arabidopsis. To analyse whether the fa phenotype is the result of a mutation in the tomato FLO/LFY gene, we have cloned and analysed the tomato FLO/LFY homologue (TOFL) in both wild-type and fa plants following a candidate gene strategy. The wild-type gene is predicted to encode a protein sharing 90% identity with NFL1 and ALF, the FLO/LFY-like proteins in Nicotiana and Petunia, and about 80 and 70% identity with either FLO or LFY. In the fa mutant, however, the gene showed a 16 bp deletion that results in a frameshift mutation and in a truncated protein. The co-segregation of this deletion with the fa phenotype in a total of 240 F2 plants analysed supports the idea that FA is the tomato orthologue to FLO and LFY. The gene is expressed in both vegetative and floral meristems, in leaf primordia and leaves, and in the four floral organs. The function of this gene in comparison with other FLO/LFY orthologues is analysed in tomato, a plant with a sympodial growth habit and a cymose inflorescence development.     

Determination of Arabidopsis floral meristem identity by AGAMOUS.

Determinate growth of floral meristems in Arabidopsis requires the function of the floral regulatory gene AGAMOUS (AG). Expression of AG mRNA in the central region of floral meristems relies on the partially overlapping functions of the LEAFY (LFY) and APETALA1 (AP1) genes, which promote initial floral meristem identity. Here, we provide evidence that AG function is required for the final definition of floral meristem identity and that constitutive AG function can promote, independent of LFY and AP1 functions, the determinate floral state in the center of reproductive meristems. Loss-of-function analysis showed that the indeterminate central region of the ag mutant floral meristem undergoes conversion to an inflorescence meristem when long-day-dependent flowering stimulus is removed. Furthermore, gain-of-function analysis demonstrated that ectopic AG function results in precocious flowering and the formation of terminal flowers at apices of both the primary inflorescence and axillary branches of transgenic Arabidopsis plants in which AG expression is under the control of the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus. Similar phenotypes were also observed in lfy ap1 double mutants carrying a 35S-AG transgene. Together, these results indicate that AG is a principal developmental switch that controls the transition of meristem activity from indeterminate to determinate.     

Regulatory networks that function to specify flower meristems require the function of homeobox genes PENNYWISE and POUND-FOOLISH in Arabidopsis

Flowering is a major developmental phase change that transforms the fate of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) from a leaf-bearing vegetative meristem to that of a flower-producing inflorescence meristem. In Arabidopsis, floral meristems are specified on the periphery of the inflorescence meristem by the combined activities of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)–FD complex and the flower meristem identity gene, LEAFY ( LFY ). Two redundant functioning homeobox genes, PENNYWISE ( PNY ) and POUND-FOOLISH ( PNF ), which are expressed in the vegetative and inflorescence SAM, regulate patterning events during reproductive development, including floral specification. To determine the role of PNY and PNF in the floral specification network, we characterized the genetic relationship of these homeobox genes with LFY and FT . Results from this study demonstrate that LFY functions downstream of PNY and PNF. Ectopic expression of LFY promotes flower formation in pny pnf plants, while the flower specification activity of ectopic FT is severely attenuated. Genetic analysis shows that when mutations in pny and pnf genes are combined with lfy , a synergistic phenotype is displayed that significantly reduces floral specification and alters inflorescence patterning events. In conclusion, results from this study support a model in which PNY and PNF promote LFY expression during reproductive development. At the same time, the flower formation activity of FT is dependent upon the function of PNY and PNF.     

LEAFY同源基因研究进展

LEAFY(LFY)同源基因存在于所有的陆生植物中,在植物花发育早期表达,并在花发育过程中抑制茎端分生组织的营养生长,调控花分生组织和花器官的形成,使转LFY基因植株提前开花,LFY同源基因与其上下游基因共同调控花发育过程.LFY同源基因的蛋白质结构在不同物种间保守性很高,但它们的表达部位差异很大.该文总结了近年来国内外已经克隆到的LFY同源基因的表达、功能及其在果树、花卉、粮食作物上的应用,以期为植物花发育的深入研究提供参考.