香菇多糖对急性弓形虫感染小鼠Th应答调节作用的实验研究

目的 探讨香菇多糖(Lentinan,Lent)对急性弓形虫感染小鼠BALB/c Th1/Th2免疫应答调节效应的影响.方法 对RH强毒株感染的BALB/c小鼠进行不同时间点的香菇多糖预处理,动态观察用药后各组感染小鼠的生存率;在感染后第0、3、5、8和10天提取小鼠的脾细胞,ELISA法检测脾细胞培养上清中IFN-γ和IL-10的分泌水平.结果 感染前6 d 1 mg/kg LNT用药组与药物未处理组相比显著提高了生存率;显著增强了Th1免疫应答中关键细胞因子IFN-γ和Th2免疫应答中关键细胞因子IL-10的分泌水平.结论 对急性弓形虫感染的BALB/c小鼠采用香菇多糖预处理之后能有效激发Th1/Th2型免疫应答的有效建立,对于抵抗弓形虫感染具有重要意义.     

TLR4激活剂对约氏疟原虫感染早期免疫应答的影响

通过外源性给予LPS,探讨TLR4在疟疾感染早期免疫应答的作用特点及其免疫调节作用。通过Plasmodium yoelii 17XL感染的BALB/c小鼠建立鼠疟模型并在感染前给予LPS,于感染第0、3和5天制备脾细胞悬液,通过流式细胞术检测脾细胞悬液中TLR4+DCs和Tregs百分含量;ELISA方法检测脾细胞培养上清中IFN-γ和IL-10水平。结果显示,LPS处理能够显著延长宿主生存期,降低原虫血症水平,同时显著提升脾上清中的IFN-γ水平,降低抑炎性细胞因子IL-10水平。在感染早期,LPS处理可诱导Th1型免疫应答的有效建立,明显遏制P.y 17XL红内期疟原虫的感染进程。     

左旋精氨酸上调约氏疟原虫感染DBA/2小鼠的抗体应答效应

探讨左旋精氨酸（L-Arginine,L-Arg）对约氏疟原虫（Plasmodium yoelii17XL,P.y17XL）感染DBA/2小鼠体液免疫应答的调节效应。于P.y17XL感染前7 d,连续每日给予DBA/2小鼠L-Arg（1.5 g/kg体重）灌胃预处理,动态观察各组感染小鼠原虫血症水平和生存率;于感染后第0、8和10天分别提取小鼠脾细胞,流式细胞术检测DBA/2小鼠浆细胞分泌IgG1和IgG2a的水平。与NC组比较,L-Arg能够显著降低感染小鼠的原虫血症水平,自愈时间提前。感染后8 d和10 d,L-Arg组CD138＋B220＋IgG1＋细胞数量出现有意义的增加,感染后10 d,L-Arg组CD138＋B220＋IgG2a＋细胞数量明显升高。L-Arg处理可诱导DBA/2小鼠建立更加有效的抗体免疫应答,明显加速DBA/2感染小鼠清除疟原虫。     

大蒜素对致死型约氏疟原虫鼠疟模型CD4+活化/凋亡T细胞的影响

探讨大蒜素对致死型约氏疟原虫(Plasmodium yoelii 17XL,P.y 17XL)感染BALB/c小鼠T细胞免疫应答的影响。P.y 17XL感染后第0~2天每日口服给予不同浓度大蒜素(3 mg/kg或9 mg/kg)处理;动态监测各组小鼠原虫血症水平和生存期;感染后第0天、第3天和第5天无菌提取小鼠脾细胞,FACS检测小鼠活化T细胞(CD4~+CD69~+)、凋亡CD4~+T细胞(7AAD~-Annexin V~+)数量变化;ELISA检测脾细胞培养上清中IFN-γ和TNF-α的水平。结果显示:与NC组相比,大蒜素处理组能降低感染小鼠的原虫血症水平,延长生存期。大蒜素处理能提高感染小鼠活化T细胞的数量,降低凋亡T细胞数量,并能提高脾细胞培养上清中IFN-γ和TNF-α的水平。大蒜素能在感染早期促使宿主建立有效的Th1免疫应答,从而抑制红内期P.y 17XL疟原虫感染进程。     

戊肝病毒Th表位肽免疫可增强其载体蛋白的体液免疫应答

戊型肝炎病毒衣壳蛋白内包含一个强H-2d限制性Th表位P34。以该表位肽免疫BALB/c鼠,其脾细胞能够在体外识别重组戊型肝炎病毒衣壳蛋白,剔除实验表明应答细胞几乎完全是CD4 T细胞,证明P34表位肽能有效诱导产生特异性Th细胞。以P34肽初免小鼠,再以包含该表位的重组戊型肝炎病毒抗原(E2)免疫,结果表明,10μg、20μgE2免疫组在免疫后第1周即有部分小鼠产生抗体,到第3周所有小鼠均能够产生抗体;而对照肽P18初免的小鼠,以20μgE2加强免疫亦无法诱导小鼠产生抗体。这表明,Th表位肽P34初免诱导产生的Th细胞能够有效促进小鼠对携带该表位的载体蛋白的体液免疫应答。     

夏氏疟原虫感染过程中调节性B细胞的表达变化

调节性B细胞(regulatory B cells,Bregs)是近年来发现的通过分泌IL-10发挥免疫调节作用的B细胞,其在疟疾免疫应答中的作用尚不清楚。利用血液阶段夏氏疟原虫(Plasmodium chabaudi AS,P.c AS)感染的BALB/c小鼠,观察了感染过程中Bregs数量变化及其表面分子表达情况。结果显示,BALB/c小鼠感染P.c AS后红细胞感染率逐渐升高,于感染后第9天达到30%,多数小鼠死亡。脾组织细胞因子IL-10 mRNA水平在感染后显著升高,感染后第5天达到高峰,感染后第8天仍为正常小鼠的10倍左右。CD4+细胞中IL-10+细胞百分比和绝对数量在感染后第5天达到峰值,于感染后第8天回落至正常水平;而CD19+细胞中IL-10+细胞(Bregs)百分比在感染后持续上升,在感染后第8天达到CD19+细胞的5%左右;感染后第5天,脾中CD4+IL-10+细胞绝对数量高于CD19+IL-10+细胞,至感染后第8天,CD19+IL-10+细胞绝对数量显著高于CD4+IL-10+细胞(P﹤0.01),约90%Bregs为CD5-细胞。结果提示,P.c AS感染过程中Bregs显著活化,是感染1周后IL-10的主要产生细胞。     

戊肝病毒Th表位肽免疫可增强其载体蛋白的体液免疫应答

戊型肝炎病毒衣壳蛋白内包含一个强H-2^d限制性Th表位P34。以该表位肽免疫BALB/c鼠,其脾细胞能够在体外识别重组戊型肝炎病毒衣壳蛋白,剔除实验表明应答细胞几乎完全是CD4⁺ T细胞,证明P34表位肽能有效诱导产生特异性Th细胞。以P34肽初免小鼠,再以包含该表位的重组戊型肝炎病毒抗原（E2）免疫,结果表明,10μg、 20μg E2免疫组在免疫后第1周即有部分小鼠产生抗体,到第3周所有小鼠均能够产生抗体;而对照肽P18初免的小鼠,以20μg E2加强免疫亦无法诱导小鼠产生抗体。这表明,Th表位肽P34初免诱导产生的Th细胞能够有效促进小鼠对携带该表位的载体蛋白的体液免疫应答。     

乳腺癌肺转移过程中Th1/Th2型细胞因子的动态变化

探究乳腺癌肺转移模型鼠肺组织内Th1/Th2型细胞因子的动态变化。利用皮下接种或尾静脉注射乳腺癌细胞系-4T1细胞的方式,建立乳腺癌肺转移模型。在4T1细胞接种后第7、14、21天分离模型鼠肺组织,通过HE染色、墨汁染色确认模型建立成功后,提取肺组织总RNA,采用Real-time RT-PCR方法,检测肺组织内IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-5、IL-13表达水平的变化。结果显示,尾静脉注射4T1细胞的BALB/c鼠,肺组织内Th1型细胞因子水平呈现先升高后逐渐下降的趋势;而皮下接种4T1细胞的BALB/c鼠,其肺组织内Th1型细胞因子水平一致处于较低水平。与Th1型细胞因子不同,肺组织内Th2型细胞因子水平无论在皮下接种鼠亦或是尾静脉注射鼠均表现为逐渐升高趋势。结果表明,乳腺癌肺转移过程中出现Th1/Th2型细胞因子失衡,并且由刚开始的Th1优势应答逐渐转变为Th2优势应答。     

香菇多糖对急性弓形虫感染过程中CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞的调节作用研究

目的 探讨香菇多糖(Lentinan,Lent)对急性弓形虫感染BALB/c小鼠CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+调节性T细胞(Tregs)数量和功能的调节作用.方法 对RH强毒株感染的BALB/c小鼠进行不同时间点的Lent预处理,动态观察用药后各组感染小鼠的生存率;在感染后第0、3、5、8和10天提取小鼠的脾细胞,FACS检测Tregs细胞数量的动态变化,ELISA法检测脾细胞培养上清中IL-10的分泌水平.结果 感染前6 d 1 mg/kg Lent用药组与药物未处理组相比显著提高了弓形虫感染小鼠的生存率;具有免疫抑制功能的Tregs数量于感染后8d达峰值,同时免疫应答中关键细胞因子IL-10的分泌水平也于感染后8d和10d显著增加.结论 对急性弓形虫感染的BALB/c小鼠采用Lent预处理之后能有效的调节Tregs的数量和功能,从而调控Th1/Th2之间的动态平衡达到治疗弓形虫的作用,为弓形虫病的临床治疗提供的新的理论依据.     

小鼠沙眼衣原体肺感染过程中Treg细胞与Th17反应关系

[目的]对沙眼衣原体在BALB/c小鼠肺部感染过程中CD4+ CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)与Th17反应关系进行初步探讨.[方法]取6-8周龄的BALB/c小鼠,鼻腔吸入25 μL含5×103 IFU的沙眼衣原体鼠肺炎菌株(Chlamydia muridarum,Cm),建立沙眼衣原体小鼠肺感染模型.监测感染后不同时期小鼠体重变化;检测肺组织衣原体包涵体形成单位( IFU)及肺组织病理改变;利用流式细胞术检测Cm感染后小鼠体内Treg细胞百分率;ELISA检测肺组织上清液IL-6、TGF-β、IL-17、IL-2细胞因子的的表达;qRT-PCR检测KC( keratinocyte derived chemokine) mRNA和MIP-2( macrophage inflammatory protein-2)mRNA的表达差异.[结果]用5xl03 IFU Cm经鼻腔吸人感染后小鼠发生沙眼衣原体肺炎,表现为体重下降、肺组织大量炎症细胞浸润并可检测到衣原体繁殖.Cm感染后第3天,小鼠体内Treg细胞占CD4 +T细胞的百分比明显降,随后开始恢复,第7天恢复原来水平,一直持续到衣原体清除.TGF-β、IL-2的表达与Treg细胞动态变化一致.与Th17相关细胞因子IL-6、IL-17和Th17相关趋化因子KC、MIP-2的表达于第3天开始升高,至第7天达到最高水平,随后逐渐减少.[结论]在衣原体感染BALB/c小鼠过程中,Treg可能通过提供TGF-β并在IL-6帮助下促进Th17应答产生.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.