一类有投放率系统的控制策略

使用微分方程理论研究了有投放率时一类云杉蚜虫与其天敌模型在相互作用过程中所呈现的动态性质,通过对反馈增益值的选取,得到了系统达到稳定平衡状态的条件,同时保证了实际中蚜虫的密度相对小．     

在杀虫剂作用下的一类具有Allee效应的天敌-害虫模型

对一类具有Allee效应的天敌-害虫模型作了理论分析,同时对在杀虫剂作用下的此系统又作了理论分析,比较了二者之间的区别,从而从理论上获知利用杀虫剂控制虫害的利弊．     

寄主植物一蚜虫-天敌三重营养关系的化学生态学研究进展

综述了寄主植物-蚜虫-天敌三重营养关系的化学生态学研究.重点阐述了3个研究热点①植物挥发性物质在蚜虫及其天敌选择奇主行为过程中的作用;②蚜虫信息素和蜜露对蚜虫天敌寄主选择行为的影响;③植物挥发性物质对蚜虫信息素作用的影响.对寄主植物-蚜虫-天敌三重营养关系的全面了解,将为蚜虫的综合治理提供新思维.     

含三种群的植物病虫害模型的稳定性

考虑植物、害虫和害虫天敌三种群之间的关系,在人工喷洒杀虫剂作用下,建立一类新的三种群的植物病虫害模型.给出了模型无天敌病虫害平衡点和有天敌病虫害平衡点,利用Hurwitz定理和稳定性第一近似方法讨论了平衡点的稳定性,得到了两类平衡点渐近稳定的充分条件,并用Matlab进行了数值模拟,验证了结论的正确性.     

环境生态下一个新的捕食者-食饵-共生者系统的动力学分析（英文）

本文建立了一个新的捕食者-食饵-者模型,研究了瓢虫、蚜虫和蚂蚁之间的关系.对该模型,我们做了持久性分析,并对特征方程多了分析和研究.最后利用李雅普诺夫函数对该系统的正平衡点的全局稳定性做了研究.     

害虫综合治理模型及其最优控制

针对最优害虫综合治理问题,首先建立农作物药效模型,与害虫-天敌动态模型结合起来,建立喷洒杀虫剂和释放天敌的脉冲控制模型,并分析周期解的稳定性.然后利用最优控制理论,求出最适杀虫剂药量和喷洒时间间隔,使得杀虫剂药量在农作物的残留最少,同时使害虫数量控制在经济危害阈值以下,给出一个利用杀虫剂控制农业害虫的最佳方案.最后,通过数值模拟解释这一方案的执行.     

具有年龄结构的食蚜蝇-蚜虫捕食模型

现有的具有年龄结构的捕食-食饵模型总是假设只有成年捕食者捕食猎物,这与实际情况不符。建立了一个幼年捕食者捕食食饵的具有年龄结构的食蚜蝇-蚜虫模型,应用微分方程定性理论,讨论了系统平衡点及其稳定性:其中平衡点E1(0,0,0)为不稳定的;满足一定条件时,边界平衡点E2(K,0,0)及正平衡点E3(x*,y1*,y2*)为局部渐近稳定的;且应用一致持续生存理论得到了系统永久持续生存的条件,为有害生物综合治理提供了理论依据。     

三种杀虫剂对麦田蚜虫和天敌的影响

通过对施用杀虫剂吡虫啉、抗蚜威、广谱性杀虫剂氧化乐果对麦田蚜虫和天敌的影响进行分析 ,结果表明 ,施用杀虫剂对麦田蚜虫防效高 ,对其天敌有保护作用 ,且瓢蚜比降低。使用 1 0 %吡虫啉( 1 0g 667m2 )后 5～ 2 5天瓢蚜比为 1∶34～ 1∶1 70 ;用 50 %抗蚜威 ( 5g 667m2 )后 1 0～ 2 0天瓢蚜比为 1∶31～1∶1 95;而广谱性杀虫剂氧化乐果 ( 50mL 667m2 )对麦田蚜虫防效好 ,对天敌杀伤力大 ,药后 1 5天瓢蚜比为1∶2 65。施用化学农药可使蚜茧蜂寄生率提高。     

寄主植物-蚜虫-天敌三重营养关系的化学生态学研究进展

综述了寄主植物－蚜虫－天敌三重营养关系的化学生态学研究,重点阐述了3个研究热点：①植物挥发性物质在蚜虫及其天敌选择寄主行为过程中的作用;②蚜虫信息素和蜜露对蚜虫天敌寄主选择行为的影响;③植物挥发性物质对蚜虫信息系作用的影响。对寄主植物－蚜虫－天敌三重营养关系的全面了解,将为蚜虫的综合治疗提供新思维。     

基于脉冲扰动作用下的一个捕食者-食饵模型的动力学性质

基于害虫的生物控制和化学控制策略,考虑到化学杀虫剂对天敌的影响,利用脉冲微分方程建立了在不同的固定时刻分别喷洒杀虫剂和释放天敌的具有依氏(Ivlev)功能性反应的捕食者-食饵脉冲动力系统．证明了当脉冲周期小于某个临界值时,系统存在一个渐近稳定的害虫根除周期解,否则系统是持续生存的．通过分析表明如果采取有效的化学控制策略,那么这种综害虫合控制策略更有效．     

土壤农药污染与细菌农药-抗生素交叉抗性研究进展

土壤农药污染和细菌耐药性是环境领域研究的热点问题。近年来,越来越多的研究表明土壤农药污染与细菌农药-抗生素交叉抗性的形成有关。本文依据近年来国内外研究进展,阐述了国内外土壤中农药(杀虫剂、除草剂和杀菌剂)的污染现状,并介绍了细菌对农药的降解及抗性、细菌对抗生素的抗性以及农药-抗生素交叉抗性等问题。最后,对未来有关农药-抗生素交叉抗性的研究重点进行了展望。     

Analysis of a laboratory method to test the effects of pesticides on adult females of Opius concolor (Hym., Braconidae), a parasitoid of the olive fruit fly,Bactrocera oleae (Dip., Tephritidae)

The laboratory test described in the present paper assesses pesticide effects on the ‘most exposed’ life stage of the parasitic wasp Opius concolor, and it has been developed and interpreted according to the guidelines of the IOBC/WPRS Working Group ‘Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms ‘. The evaluation of results is based on longevity and parasitism of adult females exposed to afresh residue of pesticide on a glass surface. Longevity measurements were based on the time of exposure required to cause 50% mortality (LT₅₀) and were compared to a standard control LT₅₀ in order to calculate the reduction caused by the pesticide. Parasitism was surveyed by means of three sequential determinations: the number of days that females were seen parasitizing, the mean number of attacked hosts and the progeny size per female. These determinations were also compared to a control to calculate the impact of pesticides. Using this ‘worst case’ situation, pesticides reducing the beneficial capacity of O. concolor below the IOBC threshold for harmlessness may be recommended for field use in combination with this wasp.     

农药残留定量预测的数学方法研究

目前国内外关于农药降解规律的数学模型研究中,均是用一元函数来描述农药的降解规律,即把农药的残留量只看作是时间的函数,而农药降解还与初始用药量、光照时间、温度、降雨量等因素有密切关系,因此描述农药的降解规律的数学模型应是多元函数,本文应用函数逼近理论给出了农药降解规律的二元函数模型。应用这种函数模型揭示农药的降解规律是有一定实际意义的。     

定量结构-生物降解性能关系模型在21世纪农药发展中的应用

简要概述农药的概念、环保型农药的主要特点、农药的主要生产和设计途径以及农药在粮食增产的同时给环境带来的负面影响。定量结构一生物降解性能关系（QSBR）能够定量预测有机物的生物降解性能,可作为一种预测有机物降解过程和性能的模型。本文提出将其应用于环保型农药的设计和筛选中,从而减少由于农药生物降解给环境带来的影响。     

Adaptive Release of Natural Enemies in a Pest-Natural Enemy System with Pesticide Resistance

Integrated pest management options such as combining chemical and biological control are optimal for combating pesticide resistance, but pose questions if a pest is to be controlled to extinction. These questions include (i) what is the relationship between the evolution of pesticide resistance and the number of natural enemies released? (ii) How does the cumulative number of natural enemies dying affect the number of natural enemies to be released? To address these questions, we developed two novel pest-natural enemy interaction models incorporating the evolution of pesticide resistance. We investigated the number of natural enemies to be released when threshold conditions for the extinction of the pest population in two different control tactics are reached. Our results show that the number of natural enemies to be released to ensure pest eradication in the presence of increasing pesticide resistance can be determined analytically and depends on the cumulative number of dead natural enemies before the next scheduled release time.     

彗星试验在环境毒理与农药遗传毒性研究中的应用展望

主要综述了彗星试验的原理、研究方法及应用 ,并就其在农药环境毒理及安全性评价方面的应用进行了展望。     

从植物中寻找农药活性物质

从植物中寻找农药活性物质,判明结构,使之成为创新类型农药有效母体,是创制新农药品种的重要途径之一,受到当今全世界农药界的广泛重视。本文综合性介绍植物与农药的关系,该交叉学科研究的一般程序和方法以及通过对有效母体的结构改造,构一效关系的研究,创制新农药的研究过程。     

Pesticides in the Cagayan valley (Philippines): usage, drift patterns and the exposure of farmers differing in income and market access

Over the past ten years, the amount and number of different types of pesticides have increased significantly, which led to a growing concern about the possible adverse effects on human health and the environment. This is particularly true for countries where regulations are not strictly implemented and farmers' knowledge of safe handling is often inadequate. This paper discusses the results of a series of spray experiments to determine drift patterns along field boundaries and the exposure of farmers during their usual spraying exercises. Moreover, farmers' pesticide usage and methods of application will be described, and the effects of income and market accessibility on pesticide use patterns will be investigated. It is based on a study conducted in four villages located at increasing distance from the national highway leading to regional markets and connecting the Cagayan Valley in Northeast Luzon with Manila. The 20 pesticides encountered in this study cover 18 different active ingredients, 9 of which are classified by the WHO as 'highly hazardous' or 'moderately hazardous'. The EPA has classified at least 6 of the encountered pesticide formulations as Restricted Use Pesticides. Nevertheless, all pesticides are freely sold in stores or on markets and applied by farmers without personal protection in an unsafe manner. The farmers living nearest to the highway have the highest income and largest farms. Yet they are most at risk, having easiest access to pesticides and spraying the largest quantities of pesticides per hectare, compared to the farmers living at greater distance from the highway. It is recommended to review the list of pesticides approved for use in the Philippines and discern between Restricted and General Use Pesticides. Several recommendations for improving the implementation of pesticide policies and the IPM program are given.     

农药残留检测关键用酶固定化研究进展

为保障消费者食用安全,迫切需要研发农产品和食品中的农药残留快速检测技术.酶抑制法检测是目前农药残留快速检测技术中的主要研究方向之一,而酶的固定化是用基于酶抑制法原理对农药残留检测研究中的重要步骤.通过物理或化学的方法高效地将酶固定于载体上,同时保持酶的催化活性是开发各类基于酶抑制法检测农药残留传感器的关键.本文将从固定...