观赏南瓜及葫芦种质资源遗传多样性分子评价

利用RAPD和ISSR标记对28份观赏南瓜及葫芦种质资源进行遗传多样性分子评价。结果表明:12个RAPD引物和13个ISSR引物分别扩增出89条和93条清晰谱带,平均每个引物分别扩增出6.1条和6.2条多态性谱带,多态性比率分别为82%和86%。RAPD和ISSR标记检测供试材料的遗传相似性系数(GS)范围分别为0.31～0.99和0.33～0.99,ISSR(平均GS值0.68)检测多态性效果高于RAPD(平均GS值0.73)。利用UPGMA法基于RAPD与ISSR混合聚类,将28份观赏南瓜及葫芦种质分为3类,类群的划分与果实形状明显相关:第Ⅰ类群包括15份种质,为扁圆形、卵圆形、圆球形或圆筒状的早熟或晚熟果实;第Ⅱ类群包括11份种质,为汤匙形、梨形、扁球形或皇冠形的早中熟果实;第Ⅲ类群包括2份种质,为葫芦形的晚熟果实。     

苦瓜种质遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR分析

采用RAPD和ISSR分子标记技术对38份苦瓜种质进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:10个RAPD和10个ISSR引物分别扩增出93条和81条带,多态性比率分别为50.54%和61.29%;RAPD和ISSR标记检测供试材料的遗传相似性系数(GS)范围,分别为0.287~1和0.221~1,ISSR(平均GS值0.672)检测多态性效果高于RAPD(平均GS值0.694)。RAPD标记聚类分析将供试种质分为3个类群6组,分类结果与苦瓜瓜瘤的表型分类比较相似;ISSR标记聚类分析将供试种质分为3个类群7组,ISSR标记划分类群与形态上以颜色分类比较接近。RAPD和ISSR标记的遗传相似性系数呈显著相关(r=0.550)。两个标记整合后聚类分析可检测到更大的遗传变异,结果与苦瓜的农艺性状分类和地理分布有一定的相关性。     

乌塌菜种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR技术对48份乌塌菜种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。从60条随机引物中筛选出稳定性强、条带清晰且多态性丰富的9条引物进行PCR扩增,共扩增出103条谱带,平均每个引物扩增出11.4条带,其中多态性带85条,多态性位点百分率为82.68%。不同乌塌菜种质间遗传相似系数变幅为0.59~0.97,说明ISSR标记能够揭示材料间较高的遗传多样性。利用UPGMA聚类分析,ISSR标记能将48份乌塌菜品种完全区分开,48份乌塌菜种质被划分为4个类群,聚类结果与叶片颜色相关,为乌塌菜品种资源的研究利用提供参考。     

叶子花种质资源遗传多样性及亲缘关系的RAPD和ISSR分析

利用RAPD和ISSR标记对48份叶子花种质进行遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析。结果显示:(1)筛选出具有多态性的RAPD引物7条、ISSR引物11条,RAPD引物共扩增97条多态性条带,ISSR引物共扩增140条多态性带,多态性百分率均达100%。(2)根据两种标记的扩增结果,用UPGMA法对48份叶子花种质的聚类分析显示,48份供试材料间具有较丰富的遗传多样性,其品种间遗传相似系数RAPD为0.318 8～0.955 6,ISSR为0.349 5～0.900 0;两种分子标记均能清楚地将48份种质材料区分开来,对种质类群的划分结果基本一致,仅有些许差异。(3)聚类分析结果显示,48份种质可分为两大种系:1)B.glabra种系,其品种大多以其种内来源为主;2)涵盖了B.spectabilis、B.peruviana、B.×buttiana和B.×spectoglabra等4个种的种系,种质构成较为复杂。(4)两种标记聚类结果呈显著相关关系,相关系数为0.752 3。研究表明,对一些形态上无法细分的叶子花种质(类群),RAPD和ISSR分子标记是可靠的鉴别方法。     

绿豆种质资源的ISSR遗传多样性分析

利用ISSR标记对33份绿豆种质进行了遗传差异和亲缘关系分析。 结果表明,从46条ISSR引物中筛选出10条扩增条带清晰、多态性高的引物,利用这10条引物从33份绿豆种质中共扩增出118条条带,其中多态性条带115条,多态性位点比例98.18%。遗传相似性与聚类分析结果表明,供试绿豆种质间的遗传相似系数范围为0.50～0.98之间,平均0.68。当遗传相似性系数为0.682时,供试33份绿豆种质资源分为4个ISSR类群( ISSR Groups,IGs),第Ⅰ类群包括产地为黑龙江、吉林共9份和河北的1份绿豆种质资源,第二类群包括河南、山西和陕西的所有和河北的4份绿豆种质资源,第三类群为来自泰国的5份绿豆抗虫资源,第四类群包括山东和内蒙各2份绿豆资源;当遗传相似系数为0.98时,供试的33份绿豆种质资源可被全部区分开。 ISSR分析结果表明, ISSR类群划分与绿豆的地理来源存在一定相关性;而同一类群中,地理来源相同的绿豆种质间也存在一定的遗传差异。     

云南黑籽南瓜种质遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR分析

摘要: 采用RAPD和ISSR分子标记技术对来源于云南省6个地州13份的黑籽南瓜种质进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明：6个RAPD和6个ISSR引物分别扩增出43条和41条带,多态性比率分别为90.70%和51.21%;RAPD和ISSR标记检测供试材的遗传相似性系数(Gs)范围,分别为0.340-0.895和0.162-0.941,ISSR(平均GS值0.698)检测多态性效果高于RAPD(平均GS值0.481)。RAPD标记聚类分析将供试种质分为3个类群5组;ISSR标记聚类分析将供试种质分为4个类群6组,RAPD和ISSR标记的遗传相似性系数呈显著相关(r=0.536)。基于UPGMA聚类结果,可为黑籽南瓜的引种栽培或品种改良提供参考。     

福建省野牡丹属种质资源的ISSR分析

为探讨福建省野牡丹属(Melastoma L.)植物的亲缘关系,运用ISSR分子标记技术对源自福建省的野牡丹属野生种质及部分实生后代共34份材料进行分析。结果表明,11条多态性引物对34份种质DNA进行扩增,共获得112条完整、清晰的谱带,其中多态性条带104条,多态性比率为92.9%,表明野牡丹属种质资源具有较高的遗传多样性。34份种质材料的相似系数为0.55~0.93,平均相似系数为0.71,表明这些材料间的亲缘关系较近。聚类分析表明34份材料可划分为3个类群5个亚类,主坐标散点分析可分为4个类群,这与亲缘关系分析的结果基本一致。这从分子水平上揭示了福建省野牡丹属野生种质及部分具备优良园艺性状实生后代的亲缘关系,为该属植物的良种选育工作提供了理论依据。     

小苍兰种质遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR(Inter Simple Sequence Repeat)分子标记对12份小苍兰(Freesia refracta)种质进行了遗传多样性分析研究。从34条ISSR引物中筛选出了12条适宜的引物。这12条引物中每条引物可扩增出5~11条DNA片段,共扩增了96个条带,其中多态性片段62条,平均每条引物可产生5.2条多态性片段,多态性条带比率(PPB)为64.6%。经NTSYS-pc分析,12份小苍兰种质间的遗传距离(GD)的变化范围为0.123~0.907,平均为0.442。根据Nei’s相似系数建立了UPGMA聚类图,在相似系数为0.56时,可将紫色花系的小苍兰种质与其它种质分开,形成两个组。结果表明,ISSR分子标记可有效地分析小苍兰种质资源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,为小苍兰的杂交育种和新品种保护提供理论基础。     

不同生态类型龙眼种质亲缘关系的ISSR分析

利用ISSR分子标记技术对不同生态类型的39份龙眼种质进行亲缘关系分析。研究结果表明,从100条ISSR引物中筛选出12条重复性好、条带清晰的引物,对39份龙眼种质基因组DNA进行扩增,得到152个位点,其中多态性位点117个,多态性比例为76.97%。供试龙眼种质间遗传相似系数变幅为0.57～0.92,说明ISSR标记能够揭示材料间较高的遗传多样性。UPGMA聚类结果表明,在0.65相似水平可以将39份龙眼种质分为3个类群,类群Ⅰ均为来自中国的南亚热带生态型龙眼;类群Ⅱ包括石硖和大乌圆2个南亚热带生态型龙眼品种,以及热带生态型龙眼四季蜜类型的品种和单株;类群Ⅲ包括来自越南和泰国的龙眼种质。不同生态类型对龙眼的亲缘关系影响不大,热带生态型和南亚热带生态型龙眼相互聚在一起,说明两种不同生态类型龙眼具有较多相同的遗传背景。本试验结果将有助于进一步开展龙眼的分类、遗传与进化研究。     

用ISSR标记分析红麻种质资源的遗传多样性

为明确红麻种质资源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,以20个国家的32份红麻(Hibiscus cannabinus L.)种质资源为材料,从90个ISSR引物中筛选出22个多态性引物对供试材料进行PCR扩增,最终选用条带最清晰、多态性明显的13个引物的扩增数据进行统计分析.结果表明:(1)13条ISSR多态性引物共扩增出谱带总数59条,多态性条带总数为47条,多态性条带比率达79.66%,其遗传多样性较丰富;(2)在切割线L1取值为0.73时,可将供试材料分为一个由22份栽培品种构成的L1-1大类群,以及由8份野生材料和2份古老地方品种构成的3个独立的个类和3个不同小类群.(3)当切割线L2取值为0.77时,又可将第1个大类群L1-1中22份栽培品种根据其亲缘关系,重新划分为I1、I2、I3、I4 4个不同的亚类群,各亚类群表现出明显的地域性特点.(4)聚类结果显示,红麻多数栽培品种之间的遗传差异较小,亲缘关系较近,其遗传多样性比野生材料明显狭窄.     

烟草种质资源遗传多样性的IRAP和ISSR标记比较分析

采用IRAP和ISSR两种分子标记方法,对国内外28份烟草种质资源进行聚类分析,并对两种方法的结果予以比较。结果如下：（1）用IRAP方法对供试材料进行PCR扩增,共得到214条条带,其中187条具有多态性,多态性比率达87．4％。当L1取值0．495时,可将28份材料划分为3个类群;L2取值0．34时,又可将第3类群划分为3个亚类群和3个单一品种组成的独立个类;（2）用ISSR方法进行PCR扩增时,共得到334条条带,其中250条有多态性,多态性比率为75％。当L1取值0．41时,可将28份烟草种质划分为2个类群和2个独立个类Coker176、BaSmaUovina,第一类群（Ⅰ）为来自美国的两个品种RG11和K730,其它24个品种为第二类群（Ⅱ）;（3）IRAP和ISSR两种方法的相关系数为0．823（r0．01=0．478）,说明这两种方法的结果高度相关,均可用来进行烟草种质资源遗传多样性的分析。用IRAP方法得到的品种间遗传相异系数（GD）平均为0．423,高于ISSR方法,而且条带更稳定、多态性比率更高,更易揭示不同品种材料的遗传差异。     

ISSR-based clustering of cultivated flax germplasm is statistically correlated to thousand seed mass

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) polymorphism was generated to provide useful markers for assessment of genetic diversity within flax germplasm collections. We used nine previously selected anchored ISSR primers for fingerprinting of 53 flax cultivars or genotypes and obtained 62 scorable bands, from which 45 bands (72.6%) were polymorphic. An efficient separation of 53 flax accessions into four groups and eight subgroups was achieved using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) clustering procedure based on genetic similarity expressed by the Jaccard similarity coefficient (JSC). Clustering procedure within both groups and subgroups successfully produced smaller homogenous clusters, whereas clustering between the main four groups of flax accessions displayed only a continuous decrease of similarity with a weak clustering effect. Statistical significance of grouping and subgrouping within a cluster dendrogram was estimated by calculation of the error flag and cophenetic correlation parameter for each branch. Principal coordinates (PCO) analysis mostly confirmed the separation by UPGMA clustering. We observed a statistically significant correlation between the number of total vs polymorphic bands in ISSR patterns. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test confirmed statistically significant differences in the average thousand seed mass (TSM) between eight subclusters of flax accessions from an ISSR-PCR-based UPGMA dendrogram, which indicate statistical correlation between flax ISSR polymorphism (the structure of ISSR-based clustering) TSM.     

Population structure and genetic diversity in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] germplasm from India assessed by ISSR markers

Genetic diversity analysis was undertaken in 42 geographically distant genotypes accessions of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) from India northeastern (14) and northern region (28) using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. A total of 209 amplified bands were obtained from 20 ISSR primers used in this study, of which 186 were polymorphic with 89.00 % band polymorphism. Various parameters namely, observed number of alleles, effective number of alleles, Nei’s gene diversity/heterozygosity, resolving power, Shannon’s information index and gene flow were estimated under experiment. Jaccard’s similarity coefficient matrix was generated for pairwise comparisons between individual ISSR profiles and UPGMA cluster analysis based on this matrix showed clustering into six groups. Jaccard’s coefficient of similarity values ranged from 0.409 to 0.847, with a mean of 0.628 revealing a moderate level of genetic diversity. The Bayesian model-based approach to infer hidden genetic population structures using the multilocus ISSR markers revealed two populations among the 42 genotypes. This is the first report on the assessment of genetic variation using ISSR markers in this medicinal vegetable plant, and this study of diversity analysis will be helpful in analyzing future hybrid breeding strategy and devising effective germplasm exploration and conservation strategy.     

Genetic variation of the genus Kengyilia by ISSR markers

We investigated the genetic variation within 32 accessions distributed to 14 species and one variety by using ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) markers.The results showed that genetic variation was relatively higher among the accessions.A total of 593 bands were amplified by 12 ISSR primers,of which 535 bands (90.2%) were polymorphic.Eleven to 80 polymorphie bands were amplified from each prime,with an average of 44.6 bands.The interspecies GS (genetic similarity)value ranged from 0.430 to 0.866,and the average was 0.620.Cluster analysis showed that all accessions could be classified into 4 groups by ISSR markers.The different accessions in a species were clustered together,but they had genetic variation in molecular levels.There was obvious interspecies genetic variation.Species with similar morphological characteristics and from the same areas or neighboring geographical regions were clustered together and had close relationships.ISSR markers are useful in analyzing interspecies variation in Kengyilia.     

Genetic variation of the genus Kengyilia by ISSR markers

We investigated the genetic variation within 32 accessions distributed to 14 species and one variety by using ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) markers. The results showed that genetic variation was relatively higher among the accessions. A total of 593 bands were amplified by 12 ISSR primers, of which 535 bands (90.2%) were polymorphic. Eleven to 80 polymorphic bands were amplified from each prime, with an average of 44.6 bands. The interspecies GS (genetic similarity) value ranged from 0.430 to 0.866, and the average was 0.620. Cluster analysis showed that all accessions could be classified into 4 groups by ISSR markers. The different accessions in a species were clustered together, but they had genetic variation in molecular levels. There was obvious interspecies genetic variation. Species with similar morphological characteristics and from the same areas or neighboring geographical regions were clustered together and had close relationships. ISSR markers are useful in analyzing interspecies variation in Kengyilia. __________ Translated from Guihaia, 2006, 26 (4): 375–380 [译自: 广西植物]     

茄子耐盐种质资源遗传多样性的SRAP和ISSR分析

利用SRAP和ISSR分子标记,研究了14份耐盐茄子种质资源的遗传多样性,结果表明,2种标记均能揭示材料间较高的遗传多样性,其中ISSR标记多态性略高于SRAP标记。在SRAP分析中,每对引物组合可扩增出8-15条DNA片段,平均为12．12条：26对SRAP引物组合共扩增出315条DNA片段,其中263条具有多态性,多态性比率为83．49％;材料间遗传相似系数变化范围为0．212～0．923,平均值为0．755。在ISSR分析中,每个引物可获得5～16条DNA片段,平均为10．87条;15个ISSR引物共扩增出163条DNA片段,其中141条具有多态性,多态性比率为86．50％;材料间遗传相似系数变幅为0．333-0．957,平均值为0．736。聚类分析表明,2种标记都能将供试材料完全区分开来,聚类结果具有一定的相似性,但也存在明显差异。Mantel相关分析表明,SRAP分析与ISSR分析的相关性达到极显著性水平（r=0．904,P〈0．01）。     

应用ISSR标记研究仲彬草属植物的遗传变异

利用ISSR标记对仲彬草属14个种和1个变种共32份材料进行了研究。结果表明:仲彬草属材料间ISSR标记多态性较高,变异较大。12个引物共扩增出593条带,其中535条(90.2%)具有多态性,每个引物可扩增出11~80条多态性带,平均44.6条。ISSR标记遗传相似系数在种间变化范围为0.430~0.866,平均值为0.620。从聚类分析得知,ISSR标记能将32份仲彬草属材料完全分开,32份材料聚为4类。同种不同居群的材料分别聚在一起,亲缘关系较近,同时,在分子水平上种内不同居群间也存在分化;种间存在明显的遗传差异;形态相似、地理分布一致的物种倾向于聚类在一起,有一定的亲缘关系。因此,ISSR分子标记能有效地评价仲彬草属物种的亲缘关系。     

黄独遗传多样性研究

采用ISSR标记技术研究了我国14个黄独样品的遗传多样性.从55条简单重复序列引物中筛选出9条多态性引物,共扩增出70条带,其中67条多态性带,多态性比率为95.71%,平均每条引物扩增出7.8条带.黄独原变种内Nei s基因多样性(h)为0.294 9,有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.491 1,Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.444 8.种水平h为0.326 3,Ne为1.552 9,I为0.488 3.基因分化系数(Gst)为0.782 1,基因流(Nm)为0.139 3.聚类分析表明来自海南省和台湾省的样品与我国内陆的样品较早分离.据此可将来自我国内陆的样品分为5组.ISSR聚类分析基本上支持依据形态特征对黄独变种的划分.同时实验结果也表明,云南可能是黄独在我国的分化中心.