甘肃碌曲发现黄眉鹀

我国分布的宽耳蝠包括北京宽耳蝠(Barbastella beijingensis)和东方宽耳蝠(B. darjelingensis)2个物种。东方宽耳蝠在我国分布于内蒙古、新疆、青海、陕西、甘肃、河南、湖南、江西、四川、重庆、云南、贵州、台湾等省(自治区、直辖市),但北京宽耳蝠仅记录于北京。2022年7月于山西省祁县昌源河湿地公园林道中(37°19′15″ N,112°26′18″ E,海拔812 m),采集到1只雄性宽耳蝠。该蝠体型中等,前臂长43.7 mm。双耳在额部相连,外耳廓近方形,横嵴明显,耳廓中部外缘具有较小的耳突,其第三掌骨长大于第四掌骨长大于第五掌骨长。颅全长为14.6 mm,具有强壮的上前臼齿和下前臼齿。以上特征均与北京宽耳蝠相符。头骨特征中,与北京宽耳蝠相比其具有较小的颅基长和颅宽,其余头骨测量参数值均与北京宽耳蝠相近。基于Cyt b和ND1基因序列的系统发育学证据亦支持形态鉴定结果。结合外部形态、头骨参数及分子数据,将山西样本鉴定为北京宽耳蝠,为山西省翼手目分布新记录种。     

河南济源发现亚洲宽耳蝠

2016年2月于河南省济源市邵原镇引水渠黄背角村段(35°15′8.4″N,112°6′34.5″E,海拔658 m),采集到1只冬眠的雄性宽耳蝠。其前臂长40.4 mm,外耳廓近方形,具明显横嵴,并在额部相连,无耳突,耳屏呈三角形;头骨较扁平,颅全长为14.9 mm;齿式为2.1.2.3/3.1.2.3=34。通过外部形态、头骨参数、分子数据(Cyt b和ND1基因)比对,鉴定为亚洲宽耳蝠(Barbastella leucomelas),是河南省翼手目分布新纪录,标本现保存于河南理工大学资源环境学院。     

湖南省衡东县发现长指鼠耳蝠

2016年8月27日在湖南省衡阳市衡东县四方山林场仙妃洞（26°58′25″N,113°3′23″E,海拔463 m）采到1只鼠耳蝠标本（1♂）;同年8月29日在金觉峰（26°58′24.4″N,113°3′23.1″E,海拔311 m）采到9只鼠耳蝠标本（4♀,5♂）。上述鼠耳蝠标本形态较小,前臂长33.3 ~ 36.1 mm,其后足长（不包括爪长）长于胫长之半,胫外缘有毛;颅全长13.57 ~ 14.35 mm,头骨粗壮,脑颅圆且较高,明显高过上颌骨。经形态和线粒体Cyt b序列鉴定,确认这10只蝙蝠均为蝙蝠科（Vespertilionidac）鼠耳蝠属（Myotis）的长指鼠耳蝠（M. longipes）,该种为湖南省翼手目分布新记录种,标本（编号,4♀为HUNNU16JJ28、HUNNU16JJ42、HUNNU16JJ43、HUNNU16JJ52,6♂为HUNNU16SF25、HUNNU16JJ05、HUNNU16JJ08、HUNNU16JJ51、HUNNU16JJ58、HUNNU16JJ60）保存于湖南师范大学动物标本室。     

江西南昌及浙江衢州发现东亚水鼠耳蝠

2020年5至9月,在江西省南昌市向塘机场七里港火车桥底、高访立交桥底、横岗铁路桥底和浙江省衢州市衢州机场西山村涵洞分别捕获到1号(雌性)、4号(2雄性、2雌性)、2号(2雄性)和1号(雌性)鼠耳蝠。上述鼠耳蝠体型较小,头体长42.89 ~ 51.41 mm,前臂长40.18 ~ 42.22 mm;头骨较小,脑颅略低,顶部平缓,矢状脊不明显,吻长较短,吻宽较长,超过眶间宽,颧弓纤细且发达,宽度明显超过后头宽,明显区别于该地区已报道的鼠耳蝠物种。通过外部形态鉴定以及Cyt b、COI序列比对和系统发育关系结果,鉴定上述标本为东亚水鼠耳蝠(Myotis petax),且该种是在江西省和浙江省翼手目分布新记录种。上述标本保存于广东省科学院动物研究所。     

甘肃省卓尼县发现宽耳犬吻蝠

2020年10月17日,在甘肃省卓尼县（103°30′37″ E,34°35′00″ N,海拔2 540 m）用手网采集到1只雌性蝙蝠;该个体前臂长59.98 mm;两耳宽大,耳缘具毛,双耳前缘基部在额顶相联;吻部突出,上唇肥厚有褶皱;尾从尾膜后缘伸出一半;足掌具明显可见肉垫;各脚趾缘具有白色硬毛;背毛呈土褐色,毛基苍白色。头骨狭长,颅全长24.05 mm;颧弓平直;上门齿与上犬齿大,下门齿小,齿式为1.1.2.3/3.1.2.3 = 32。以上形态特征均与宽耳犬吻蝠（Tadarida insignis）相符;基于细胞色素b基因（Cyt b）系统发育学证据也支持上述结果,故将此标本鉴定为宽耳犬吻蝠。此为该种在甘肃省翼手目分布新记录。     

湖北省和江苏省发现尼泊尔鼠耳蝠

2013年4月在湖北省十堰市房县野人洞(31°55'8.3″N,110°43'56.5″E,海拔282 m)捕捉到11号鼠耳蝠标本(5雄6雌),同时在江苏省宜兴市灵谷洞(31°13'20.9″N,119°44'23.3″E,海拔123 m)捕捉到5号鼠耳蝠标本(1雄4雌)。上述鼠耳蝠标本体型较小,前臂长33.6～37.5 mm,颅全长11.2～13.8 mm;后足长不及胫骨长之半;背毛基部黑色,毛尖棕色有时更多显现浅红灰色,腹毛基部黑色但毛尖淡灰白;上颌前臼齿(P3)位于齿列之中。经鉴定均为尼泊尔鼠耳蝠(Myotis nipalensis),分别为湖北省和江苏省翼手目新纪录。本文给出了尼泊尔鼠耳蝠的外形和头骨特征及其相关测量数据,并与来自青海、尼泊尔的标本进行了对比;同时对其回声定位信号进行室内录制及分析;此外对其分类地位和分布状况进行了讨论。标本保存于广东省昆虫研究所。     

陕西宝鸡发现喜山鼠耳蝠

2011年4和8月及2014年4月在陕西省宝鸡市太白县分别采集到2只、1只和1只共4只蝙蝠个体,标本保存于陕西省动物研究所标本馆(标本编号为TB0001、TB0002、TB0017和TB0042)。其主要形态特征为：体型小,头体长34.59 ~ 43.86 mm(n = 4);耳较小,黑色;耳前缘近凸圆,耳后缘在基部有一浅的缺刻;耳屏细长,约为耳长的一半;后足不及胫长的一半;背部毛基黑色,毛尖为赤褐色;腹部毛基为黑色,毛尖为灰褐色;翼膜起始于后足外趾的基部。以上特征均与喜山鼠耳蝠moupinensis亚种(Myotis muricola moupinensis)相符。结合线粒体Cyt b基因序列,构建其系统发生关系,与基因库中宽吻蝠属未定种(Submyotodon sp.)序列聚为较高支持度的一支。综合形态与系统发育证据,参考目前最新的中国兽类物种分类和分布信息,将采集到的标本初步鉴定为喜山鼠耳蝠moupinensis亚种,此次发现是陕西省境内该物种的首次记录,拓展了对其在我国分布范围的认识。     

湖南衡东发现东亚水鼠耳蝠

2016年8月27日晚间在湖南省衡东县四方山国有林场仙妃洞(26°58′25″N,113°3′23″E,海拔463m)利用雾网采集到2号鼠耳蝠标本(HUNNU16SF16雄性、HUNNU16SF38雌性)。通过外部形态以及Cyt b序列比对,确认这两只鼠耳蝠为东亚水鼠耳蝠(Myotis petax)。此2个体体型较小,头体长分别为49.76 mm与49.93 mm,前臂长分别为40.73 mm和42.40 mm;头骨较小、略低而不显圆滑,上颌向上中等弯曲约30°,脑颅较低,顶部平缓,矢状脊不明显,吻较发达,宽度超过眶间宽,颧弓纤细,宽度明显超过后头宽,头骨后部略显浑圆而稍外凸;阴茎骨较长,1.088 mm,宽度为0.742 mm。此记录为湖南省翼手目分布新记录,标本保存于湖南师范大学脊椎动物标本馆。     

贵州省发现翼手目动物——高颅鼠耳蝠

2015年7~9月在贵州省兴仁县、平坝县和兴义市的五屯镇及敬南镇捕获鼠耳蝠33只,鉴定为高颅鼠耳蝠(Myotis siligorensis),为贵州省新纪录物种。标本保存于贵州师范大学生命科学学院生态实验室。主要特征:体型较小,前臂长(36.03±1.50)mm(32.66~38.98 mm,n=33);耳狭长;耳屏直而细长;第Ⅲ掌骨最长,第Ⅴ掌骨最短;阴茎长(4.52±0.84)mm(2.85~5.75 mm,n=21);头骨狭长,颅骨凸显;颅全长(13.87±0.74)mm(13.00~14.88 mm,n=8),颅高(6.36±0.24)mm(6.03~6.74 mm,n=8);听泡较小;矢状脊细弱;上颌第1、2门齿向中央倾斜,上颌第1门齿有1个主尖和1个附尖;上颌第2门齿较第1门齿小,且与犬齿分离;上颌第2前臼齿(P3)位于齿列中。基于Cyt b基因(1 141 bp)序列进行的分子系统学分析显示,此次捕获鼠耳蝠物种与高颅鼠耳蝠聚在一起,二者遗传距离最近(仅为0.03),进一步确认所采集物种为高颅鼠耳蝠。     

江西省翼手目新记录—绯鼠耳蝠

绯鼠耳蝠(Myotis formosus)采自江西吉安井冈山市梨坪村石燕洞(26°35′99″N,114°12′46″E)。该地区年平均气温14℃,年均降雨量1865mm,属中亚热带湿润性气候。当地日落时间19∶20。该地植被覆盖率高达70%以上,生物资源丰富,主要以毛竹(Phyllostachys hterocycla)、杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)和木荷(SchimaSuperba)为主,其中毛竹为优势种群。在江西发现绯鼠耳蝠的分布,丰富了该物种在中国的分布,为进一步的研究和保护提供基本依据。1研究方法1·1样本采集和鉴定傍晚19∶00左右,在石燕洞洞口张网捕捉蝙蝠,然后进行体形和头骨测量。…     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.