东北地区粘虫的季节性迁飞行为(英文)

粘虫Mythimna separata是我国农业生产上的重要害虫, 为了明确其季节性迁飞行为参数, 本研究采用垂直监测昆虫雷达（vertical-looking radar, VLR）及相关辅助设备的长期自动观测, 结合基于GIS的大区环流和轨迹模拟, 调查分析了2005年东北地区粘虫季节性迁飞行为。结果表明： 粘虫在不同季节和夜间不同时间空中飞行高度具有明显差异, 空中飞行行为受气象条件尤其是空中风场影响较大; 春季和秋季主要借助气流运载进行大规模长距离迁飞, 夜间持续飞行时间可达9 h, 多数个体能完成整夜飞行, 春季迁飞高度主要在300~600 m, 秋季飞行高度相对较低主要在300 m以下和400~500 m。夏季雷达回波有明显的成层现象, 最高可达1 000 m, 主要集中在500 m和700 m两个高度层。轨迹分析显示： 5月29日由山东潍坊、 临沂等虫源地起飞的黏虫, 顺西南气流越海迁飞, 6月1日在气旋天气影响下, 在吉林省白城等地降落; 7月中旬主要为当地黏虫受对流天气影响进行短距离迁飞扩散; 9月11日虫源来自内蒙古呼伦贝尔, 顺西北气流向吉林省东南方向迁飞。研究结果为东北地区粘虫的有效防控提供了技术支撑。     

基于两种轨迹模型的褐飞虱迁飞轨迹比较研究

异地预测是迁飞性害虫发生预测的重要内容,迁飞轨迹模拟和预测是能较好地反映害虫迁飞时空动态的一种异地预测方法。褐飞虱作为我国水稻生产上的一种重要迁飞性害虫,其迁飞轨迹的准确预报,可为其灾变预警和有效防控提供科学依据。为了比较选择一些准确性好、分辨率高、易于推广应用的害虫迁飞轨迹模型,选取2006年7月初发生在湖南省洪江市的一次褐飞虱重大北迁过程作为典型个例,运用中尺度天气研究和预报模式WRF,结合NCEP气象再分析数据,利用HYSPLIT和FLEXPART两种轨迹计算模式对褐飞虱迁飞轨迹进行模拟,并验证模型模拟和计算的准确度和精确度。研究结果表明:(1)WRF-HYSPLIT和WRF-FLEXPART两种轨迹计算模式在虫源地、迁飞路径(迁飞方位角和走向)、迁飞高度、迁飞速率和迁飞距离计算上总体趋势一致,但存在一定的差异,后者的起伏变化大于前者。(2)尽管两种耦合模式在调用WRF模式输出的预报场物理变量方面有很多相同之处,但WRF-FLEXPART耦合模式在运行计算过程中比WRF-HYSPLIT耦合模式多考虑了对流参数、地表胁迫和各种地形参数,因而能更全面地反映中尺度天气过程(特别是对流性天气过程)对昆虫起飞、空中飞行和降落的动力作用,也能更真实地反映地表物理过程、大气湍流结构和地形起伏对褐飞虱种群迁飞的影响。(3)从褐飞虱种群对生境和取食条件选择上看,两种模式模拟的各高度迁入种群的虫源区、迁飞路径和降落地都是合理的、准确的。但从褐飞虱迁出、空中飞行和降落所处的三维流场来看,WRF-FLEXPART模式轨迹走向与盛行气流方向的吻合度要明显高于WRF-HYSPLIT模式。(4)两种模式均可作为业务工具在迁飞性害虫测报中推广应用。     

昆虫迁飞轨迹的数值模拟(英文)

国内外目前应用的迁飞轨迹模型都是大气扩散模型,其时空分辨率难以满足昆虫迁飞轨迹分析的要求,且均未考虑迁飞昆虫自身的行为反应。本文通过将昆虫迁飞行为参数化,并选用一维ＴＫＥ模式,以国家气象局的常规气象资料为基础,以Ｅ－ε闭合求其数值解,模拟出边界层内任意迁飞高度上的风温要素值,从而建立起以边界层气象学和昆虫迁飞行为生态学为基础的昆虫迁飞轨迹分析的数值模型,为昆虫迁飞行为研究和迁飞性害虫的异地预测提供了一个有效的工具,并以国内粘虫、草地螟和小地老虎的标放回收试验结果,进行了个例分析和检验。     

草地螟2007年越冬代成虫迁飞行为研究与虫源分析

草地螟 Loxostege sticticalis L.是危害我国北方农牧业的一种重要迁飞性害虫,明确草地螟的虫源地及迁飞路线对其早期预警具有重要意义。本文利用垂直监测昆虫雷达的长期观测,迁飞高峰期雌虫卵巢解剖、大区环流分析、各地虫情信息收集和利用Hysplit_4模型进行轨迹分析,研究了2007年越冬代草地螟的空中迁飞行为和东北地区严重暴发的草地螟虫源。结果表明：6月7–9日,雷达观测点诱虫灯内草地螟具有典型迁飞昆虫生理特征;草地螟主要在夜间迁飞,飞行高度集中在300～500 m,400 m是主要飞行高度,迁飞高峰期夜间迁移可持续9 h。东北地区严重发生的草地螟虫源,一部分来自内蒙古乌盟地区,一部分来自蒙古共和国中东部及中俄边境地区。据此推测我国与国外草地螟存在虫源交流。     

异色瓢虫若虫的限域搜索行为

在Ｎａｋａｍｕｔａ装置中,通过对两种我照照条件下（强光照３６８０－４６２０ｌｘ,弱光照１３０－２２０ｌｘ）异色标虫若虫搜索麦蚜行为轨迹的研究,得出摄食麦蚜前后０－１５ｓ搜索行为轨这弯曲角度总和之间差异均显著,摄食后大于摄前;摄食麦蚜前后０－１５ｓ、１５－３０ｓ、３０－４５ｓ、４５－６０ｓ内的各对应停点间距离差异均显著,摄食前大于摄食后;其搜索速度,摄食前显著大于摄食后。     

2016年华北南部二代二点委夜蛾成虫迁飞的雷达观测

【目的】为了明确玉米新发害虫二点委夜蛾Athetis lepigone的迁飞行为,为该虫的区域性监测预警提供依据。【方法】2016年7月在华北南部的新乡市原阳县,利用旋转极化垂直昆虫雷达和高空诱虫灯观测了2代二点委夜蛾成虫在空中的迁飞行为,利用轨迹分析软件HYSPLIT分析该虫的迁飞范围。【结果】2代二点委夜蛾成虫在日落后(19:00左右)开始起飞,2 h后达到最大值,二点委夜蛾成虫最大高峰时间主要出现在前半夜,次日凌晨虫量逐渐降低,至7:00左右迁飞活动停止,整个迁移活动持续12 h。二点委夜蛾成虫在空中成层分布,其最髙飞行高度低于1 200 m,但虫量最大处位于600-700 m。第2代二点委夜蛾成虫每晚的平均最长飞行时间为7.972 h,平均位移速度为9.12 m/s,每晚平均最远距离大约为261.74 km。结合风场和轨迹模拟分析表明,7月份二点委夜蛾以北迁为主,河南中部的漯河及许昌等地区是雷达观测点二点委夜蛾峰值时的直接虫源区,其余来自邻近区域。【结论】本研究明确了华北南部地区2016年2代二点委夜蛾在空中的迁飞参数及迁飞范围。     

2009年我国小菜蛾迁飞路径典型案例分析

小菜蛾Plutella xylostella Linnaeus是一种世界性的十字花科蔬菜重要害虫,具有远距离迁飞的特性,明确小菜蛾在我国的种群发生动态及迁飞路径对其早期预警具有重要意义.本文调查了2009年5月我国南京、故城、安阳、大连、公主岭、沈阳6个地区小菜蛾成虫种群的发生动态,并首次利用HYSPLIT平台对不同地区小菜蛾种群的迁飞峰次进行了轨迹分析.结果表明,2009年5月我国6个地区的小菜蛾成虫种群存在显著地“突增”或“突减”现象,符合迁飞昆虫在迁飞期的种群动态的典型特征;5月14日南京地区起飞的小菜蛾种群可迁飞至大连,5月19日故城地区起飞的小菜蛾种群可迁飞至公主岭,5月20日安阳地区起飞的小菜蛾种群可迁飞至沈阳;首次明确了小菜蛾轨迹分析的设定参数,800-1200 m为小菜蛾适宜迁飞的飞行高度,飞行持续时间一般为2-3d.     

不同日龄及交配前后小菜蛾飞行能力

国内外研究表明小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)具有迁飞现象。飞行能力的测定是了解其迁飞规律的重要基础。本研究利用飞行磨对不同日龄以及交配前后的小菜蛾飞行能力进行了研究。结果表明,不同日龄的小菜蛾雌虫飞行能力有差异,第1日龄飞行能力最弱,第3日龄飞行能力最强,12 h内最大飞行距离为10 546 m,最长飞行时间为11.613 h;不同日龄的雄虫的飞行能力差异不明显,最大飞行距离为13 191 m,最长飞行时间为12h;交配与否对雌雄虫的飞行能力的影响不明显。吊飞对小菜蛾的寿命及繁殖能力有较大的影响,吊飞后的寿命缩短,产卵量减少;吊飞前交配与否对存活及繁殖能力的影响不显著。     

华北地区昆虫秋季迁飞的雷达观测

1999年9－10月利用昆虫雷达对华北地区昆虫秋季回迁的观测表明,秋季迁飞主要发生于19：00－05：00时,飞行高度一般在300－2000m。迁飞方向与风向一致,多为从东北向西南方向迁飞。运行速度和飞行高度成正相关,迁飞个体的平均运行速度由392m高度的4.8m/s增加到2000m处的27.8m/s。空中灯光诱捕表明,甜菜夜蛾和棉铃虫为优势迁飞种类。     

珠海市水岸线生态敏感性评价

水岸线对生态环境保护具有重要作用,但过度及不当的利用已造成部分岸线出现侵蚀甚至破坏,如何合理开发与利用水岸线已成为一个十分关注的问题。鉴于此,本研究以珠海市为研究区,选取水岸线500 m范围内影响水岸线功能的坡度、归一化植被指数、生物多样性保护重要性、距离基本农田距离和距离脆弱生态系统距离为评价指标,进行单因子和综合生态敏感性评价,以缓冲区内最大敏感性等级赋值水岸线的综合生态敏感性,使用叠加排序法识别不同敏感区的主要影响因子,并据此提出不同敏感性岸线的开发利用建议。结果表明:(1)研究区水岸线综合敏感性与岸线缓冲区内各单因子和综合敏感性空间分布类似,整体以不敏感和轻度敏感为主,中度和高度敏感相对较少且多集中在香洲区和斗门区;(2)缓冲区内各单因子在不同变化范围内,不同生态敏感性等级的面积百分比不同:在坡度为25°~45°、归一化指数0.45、生物多样性保护中等重要、距离基本农田距离300~500 m和距离脆弱生态系统距离100 m时,中高度敏感区的面积百分比最大;(3)缓冲区内轻度、中度和高度敏感区的关键影响因子分别为:距离基本农田距离、距离基本农田距离与生物多样性保护重要性、距离脆弱生态系统距离与生物多样性保护重要性;(4)针对高度敏感、中度敏感以及轻度和不敏感岸段,建议分别采取严格控制、限制开发建设以及协调保护的开发利用措施。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.