低剂量CO2激光对茄子,青椒叶绿体超微结构影响的初步观察

本试验用功率密度为825mw/cm~2的CO_2激光照射茄子干种子(含水量8.33％)13s、青椒干种子(含水量5.4％)3s,分别以Os为对照(ck)。照射后播于生长箱内,出苗10天分苗于玻璃温室内,于四叶期取样观察成熟叶片叶绿体的超微结构。发现激光照射处理的茄子、青椒的叶绿体的基质片层、基粒片层有明显的吸胀现象。     

模拟动物取食子叶对辽东栎种子萌发和幼苗早期生长的影响

在实验室人工气候箱和玻璃温室盆播条件下,研究了不同程度子叶切除处理(切除1/4、1/2和3/4子叶,以不切除子叶为对照)对辽东栎(Quercus wutaishanica)种子萌发和幼苗早期生长的影响。结果表明:在人工气候箱培养条件下,子叶切除处理后种子的萌发率均高于对照,其中切除1/4子叶处理与对照间差异显著;子叶切除处理加快了种子萌发进程,即萌发速率系数减小,各处理及其与对照间差异不显著;萌发指数在切除1/4子叶处理显著大于对照,其他切除处理与对照间无显著差异;子叶切除处理对活力指数无显著影响。在玻璃温室盆播条件下,尽管不同程度子叶切除处理种子的萌发率无显著提高,但子叶切除后,种子的萌发进程加快,萌发指数增大;活力指数在切除1/4子叶处理略高于对照,而切除1/2和3/4子叶处理均大幅减小。切除子叶处理的幼苗株高、基径、主根长、侧根数、最大侧根长、叶片数、单株叶面积和总干质量等生长参数均不同程度的减小,其中株高在各处理及其与对照间均差异显著,其他生长参数在2个重度子叶切除处理(切除1/2和3/4子叶)均显著小于对照;幼苗根冠比受子叶切除处理的影响较小,各处理及与对照间均差异不显著;切除子叶处理增大了幼苗的比叶面积、比枝长和比根长,其中比叶面积在切除1/2子叶处理显著大于对照,比枝长在各切除处理均显著大于对照,切除1/2子叶和切除3/4子叶处理幼苗的比根长显著大于切除1/4子叶处理和对照幼苗。     

辽东栎幼苗生长对种子大小和子叶去除处理的响应

该文在温室内盆播条件下,设置不去除子叶(对照)、去除1/4子叶(轻度子叶去除)、1/2子叶(中度子叶去除)和3/4子叶(重度子叶去除) 4个处理,研究了种子大小和子叶去除处理对辽东栎幼苗生长及其形态学可塑性的影响。结果表明:(1)大种子幼苗株高、基茎、叶片数、单株叶面积、总干质量和根冠比在所有处理均大于小种子幼苗,除株高外,上述其他参数在轻度子叶去除处理的不同大小种子幼苗间均差异显著(P0.05),前者总干质量在中度子叶去除处理与后者差异也显著(P0.05)。大种子幼苗比叶面积和比根长在各处理均大于小种子幼苗,比枝长则相反。(2)随着子叶去除强度增大,大、小种子幼苗株高、基茎、叶片数、单株叶面积和总干质量等均呈减小趋势,株高、基径、叶片数和单株叶面积在重度子叶去除处理均显著小于对照和轻度子叶去除处理;小种子幼苗对子叶损失反应更为敏感,其株高、叶片数、单株叶面积和总干质量在中度子叶去除处理也显著小于对照(P0.05);小种子幼苗根冠比随子叶去除强度增大而增大,在中度和重度子叶去除处理显著大于对照和轻度子叶去除处理(P0.05)。(3)随着子叶去除强度增大,大小种子幼苗的比叶面积和比根长均逐渐增大,但大种子幼苗比枝长持续减小,轻度子叶去除处理的小种子幼苗比枝长最大。     

刺毛碱蓬种子多型性及其对极端盐渍环境的适应

采用盆栽和生长箱培养方法,对真盐生植物刺毛碱蓬2种形态种子的发育形态特点和萌发过程中对盐度响应的特征进行研究,以了解其对极端盐渍环境的适应.结果表明:(1)在施加0.2%～0.6% NaCl条件下刺毛碱蓬种子产量对盐度增加存在正响应,且在不同生长时期产生形态特征完全不同的2种形态种子,其中一种体积较大、种皮较软且脱水子叶为深绿色(简称软皮种子),软皮种子成熟、干燥脱水后的子叶中有叶绿素存在;另一种体积较小、种皮坚硬且子叶为白色(简称硬皮种子).(2)对2种形态成熟的脱水种子分别在去离子水和700 mmol·L-1 NaCl溶液中浸泡0、12、24 h后测定其种子萌发率、子叶叶绿素含量及光合作用能力的变化,结果发现,无论是否有盐胁迫,软皮种子吸水后的总萌发率均显著高于硬皮种子;软皮种子吸水3 h后即能检测到光合放氧,但经盐处理的种子与去离子水处理的种子其光合放氧能力无显著差别.(3)刺毛碱蓬2种形态的种子在高盐度条件下具有分批次萌发的特征;软皮种子子叶含有叶绿素在吸水后不久进行光合作用并形成幼苗,而硬皮种子萌发迟,但传播扩散远,这些特征在种子萌发和种群建成过程中起到了分摊萌发风险的作用,使刺毛碱蓬具有对更大范围盐渍环境的适应特性.     

激光辐照花生种子的细胞学效应

本试验考察了用Ar (488 nm)激光辐照对花生种子胚轴细胞形态结构以及根尖细胞染色体的影响。研究结果表明:在辐照功率密度为5.12 W/cm2,时间为10 s、25 s、55 s情况下,胚轴细胞均有不同程度的损伤;且均能诱发根尖细胞染色体畸变。处理时间延长,细胞破坏加剧,主要表现在细胞中膜系统、脂体、蛋白体和细胞核,出现了异形、合并或结构混乱等现象。染色体畸变类型也随之增加。各激光处理剂量均对花生种子萌发产生抑制作用。     

小金海棠子叶培养和植株再生

植物名称:小金海棠(molus xiaojinensis)材料类别:小金海棠的种子,用冷水浸泡吸胀,经0.1％升汞消毒15分钟后,无菌水冲洗干净,接种子琼脂培养基上,2～3周后发芽(发芽率只有20～30％左右),然后切取子叶进行离体培养。培养条件:每升MS基本培养基,附加6-BAI～2mg/L(单位下同),NAA0.1～0.2,LH100,肌醇100,蔗糖3％,琼脂粉0.5％,培养温度26±2℃,每天光照8～10小时,光照强度2000 lx。生长与分化情况:子叶接种子培养基上4～5周后,子叶长大变厚呈绿色,近轴面诱导出绿色芽点,逐渐分化成丛生芽,每片子叶可得3～10个绿色     

He-Ne激光和KT对小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响

以冬小麦为实验材料,研究了单纯He-Ne激光处理、单纯激动素处理和He-Ne激光与激动素复合处理对小麦种子发芽率、生长势及叶绿素、可溶性蛋品质和可溶性糖合成的影响。结果表明：（1）三种处理均能提高种子的活力,促进种子萌发,相比之下He-Ne激光处理效果最好。（2）三种处理对幼苗生长、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖以及叶绿素的合成具有显著的促进作用,从而加快了光合作用的进程。提高了幼苗干物质的含量,其中He-Ne激光与激动素复合处理效果最好,单纯He-Ne激光处理效果次之。     

外源激素对福建青冈种子易萌性和抗氧化酶活性的影响

为解决珍贵用材树种福建青冈种子易萌和人工育苗困难等问题,以成熟健康未发芽的福建青冈种子为试验材料,以不施外源激素为对照处理,分别利用5个浓度(0、10、20、30、40 mmol·L~(-1))的赤霉素和脱落酸对种子进行处理,并于激素处理后3、5、7、9和13 d测定种子胚根和子叶内抗氧化酶系统的活性。结果表明:2种外源激素处理对福建青冈种子萌发率的影响存在明显差异。随赤霉素浓度增加,种子萌发率呈逐渐增高的趋势,但处理间差异不显著(P0.05)。低浓度(10~20 mmol·L~(-1))脱落酸处理可明显提高种子萌发率,高浓度(30~40 mmol·L~(-1))则呈抑制作用。随着外源激素处理时间的延长,胚根与子叶过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均呈先增强后不规则的变化趋势。在不同赤霉素浓度处理下,胚根过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性随时间的延长逐渐增强,子叶CAT活性呈倒"N"型变化趋势。施加40 mmol·L~(-1)脱落酸处理后,福建青冈种子胚根与子叶多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性明显低于对照处理,显著抑制种子萌发,可有效解决种子易萌性问题。     

鹭兰种子无菌繁殖球根

为建立鹭兰（Habenaria radiata）种子繁殖法,对无菌培养条件下的种子发芽和幼苗生长进行了观测,并对无菌繁殖获得的球根进行了种植试验。结果表明,鹭兰种子不进行处理难以无菌培养发芽,种子通过75%乙醇10 s+1% NaClO 10 min处理,或者40 kHz超声波2.5 min+1% NaClO 10 min处理,在1/2MS培养基的发芽率可达58%以上;在1/2MS培养基中,添加GA-3 1 mg·L^-1对叶片生长有促进作用,添加IAA 1 mg·L^-1对根生长和球根形成有促进作用,球根形成率达55%;无菌繁殖的球根贮存至春季盆栽,成苗率约72%。     

薯蓣皂素对油菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

薯蓣皂素对油菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的作用随处理浓度的不同而有差别。0．5mg／L对种子萌发和幼苗生长有明显的促进作用,处理后的油菜幼苗下胚轴伸长,干鲜重增加,并且子叶中可溶性蛋白、可溶性总糖、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶、Ca2 -ATP酶的活性都高于对照,这表明适度的薯蓣皂素有利于油菜生长和代谢。     

Cyclic somatic embryogenesis and efficient plant regeneration from callus of safflower

Efficient plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis was established for safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cv. NARI-6. Embryogenic calli were induced from 10 to 17-d-old cotyledon and leaf explants from in vitro seedlings. High frequency (94.3 %) embryogenic callus was obtained from cotyledon explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s germination (MSG) basal medium supplemented with thidiazuron, 2-isopentenyladenine and indole-3-butyric acid. Primary, secondary and cyclic somatic embryos were formed from embryogenic calli in a different media free of plant growth regulators, however, 100 % cyclic somatic embryogenesis was obtained from cotyledon derived embryogenic calli cultured on MSG. Somatic embryos matured and germinated in quarter-strength MSG medium supplemented with gibberellic acid. Cotyledons with root poles or non root poles were converted to normal plantlets and produced adventitious roots in rooting medium. Rooted plants were acclimatized and successfully transferred to the field.     

茄子幼苗耐低温性生理机制研究

选择耐低温性不同的6份茄子高代自交系幼苗为材料,进行白天10℃/夜间7℃低温处理10d,调查其耐低温性、生长指标(株高、茎粗、鲜重、干重)、生理指标(POD、SOD、APX活性及脯氨酸含量),以探讨低温对茄子幼苗生长过程中的生长和生理指标的影响.结果显示:(1)各材料的上述性状在常温下均差异不显著,而在低温处理下差异极显著;与对照相比较,幼苗株高、茎粗、鲜重和干重下降,而POD、SOD、APX活性及脯氨酸含量上升.(2)各材料指标的升降幅度与其低温耐受性密切相关,耐低温性强的材料生长指标下降幅度较小,而生理指标提高幅度较大,耐低温性弱的材料则表现相反.(3)各指标间相比较,茄子耐低温性与株高、茎粗、干重、POD活性、SOD活性呈显著正相关,与其余性状的相关未达显著水平.研究表明,低温使茄子幼苗的生长受到一定程度的抑制,但耐低温材料能够通过调节自身的保护酶系统活性来减轻低温的伤害,维持植物体的正常生长及生理代谢功能.     

棕榈蓟马在茄子上的种群增长、分布和抽样技术研究

棕榈蓟马在茄子上的种群增长,用种群增长模型来分析,露地栽培的成虫、若虫种群增长率ｒ分别为０．０６３０和０．０８０１,设施栽培分别为０．０９８３和０．１０３６。设施栽培的逻辑斯蒂曲线的Ｋ值为３３．９０,明显大于露地栽培的Ｋ值２３．５０。棕榈蓟马种群在茄子上空间分布调查结果,成、若虫的Ｍ＾＊－Ｍ回归式分别为Ｍ＝０．６０１１＋１．４６８Ｍ和Ｍ＾＊＝７．２５１５＋２．０６４０Ｍ。成虫＋若虫的Ｍ－Ｍ回归式为     

The interaction of light irradiance with ethylene in regulating growth of Helianthus annuus shoot tissues

Shade light found in ecological niches where plants are growing under a canopy or in proximity of taller neighbouring vegetation consist mainly of two separate light signals: low red to far-red ratio and low photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The effect of the latter on the growth of 7-day old sunflower shoots was examined by assessing hypocotyl, cotyledon and leaf tissue growth under three varying PAR levels: near-normal of 1,000 μmol m^?2 s^?1, low of 100 μmol m^?2 s^?1 and very low of 10 μmol m^?2 s^?1. Then, the possible interaction between PAR signaling and ethylene in regulating growth of these sunflower tissues was investigated. The results showed that gradual decrease in PAR level increases hypocotyl elongation and decreases ethylene evolution. However, gradual decrease in PAR level decreases cotyledon and leaf growth and increases ethylene evolution. Thus it seems possible that PAR regulation of shoot growth is mediated by changes in ethylene evolution in tissue specific manner. This hypothesis was supported by experiments with the ethylene releasing factor, ethephon, and the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, AVG, as well as by transfer experiments where sunflower seedlings were transferred from one PAR regime to another with subsequent growth and ethylene measurements.     

Callus induction and culture from explants of Erysimum scoparium in a growth regulator-free medium

Calli from cotyledon, hypocotyl and radicle explants of Erysimum scoparium (Brassicaceae) were induced and cultured using a MS medium without growth regulators. Calli obtained from cotyledon or hypocotyl explants showed a higher growth rate while radicle-derived calli exhibited poor growth. Cotyledon-derived calli were compact and green-colored while hypocotyl- and radicle-derived calli were friable and with creamy-green pigmentation. Histological analysis was carried out during culture and the development of abundant vascular elements and meristematic nodules were found. Subculture on a growth regulator-free medium during 10 months did not ecrease callus growth.     

The role of gibberellins and cytokinins in the growth correlative effect of cotyledons in flax and pea

It is wellknown that following the amputation, or darkening of one cotyledon in decapitated flax seedlings, the opposite remaining, or illuminated, cotyledon exerts a stimulatory effect on the growth of its axillary bud. For the induction of this stimulating effect a 21–72 h continuous darkening of the cotyledon is sufficient. Endogenous gibberellins take part in the stimulation effect of the illuminated cotyledon, since their level in the illuminated cotyledon increases as early as 12–48 h following the darkening of the opposite cotyledon. The apical part of the cotyledon has a higher growth stimulatory effect on the growth of the cotyledonary axillary bud than the basal half. This again is associated with endogenous gibberellins the level of which is higher in the apical half of the cotyledon than in the basal one. Upon removal of the root and hypocotyl base in decapitated flax seedlings deprived of one cotyledon, the remaining cotyledon loses its stimulatory influence, so that the bud of the amputated cotyledon grows more vigorously (Dostál 1955). In this growth correlative phenomenon the root may be substituted by cytokinin BA applied in the form of a 0.1–1.0 per cent paste onto the remaining cotyledon, for again in this case the bud of the preserved cotyledon grows more vigorously. Following the decapitation of the axillary of the amputated cotyledon in decapitated pea seedlings with an intact root and deprived of one cotyledon, the axillary of the remaining cotyledon grows more intensively than the serial of the removed one. If the plants operated on in the same way are deprived of the root, the serial of the removed cotyledon gains a correlative growth predominance. If the plants deprived of root are cultivated at the same time in a solution of BA (10–20 mg 1⁻¹), the correlative predominance is acquired by the axillary of the remaining cotyledon. In growth correlations between cotyledons and their axillary buds in pea seedlings the root may thus be substituted by exogenous cytokinin, as well.     

抗菌肽基因转化厚皮甜瓜的研究

以厚皮甜瓜FY1的子叶为试材,研究不同激素组合和配比对甜瓜植株再生的影响,并用农杆菌介导法将银杏抗菌肽基因Gnk2-1转化甜瓜。结果表明:(1)甜瓜子叶的最佳愈伤组织及不定芽诱导培养基为MS+2.0mg.L-1 6-BA+0.1mg.L-1 IAA,出愈率和出芽率均达95%以上;最佳芽伸长培养基为MS+0.2mg.L-1 KT;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+0.1mg.L-1 IAA。(2)卡那霉素对甜瓜外植体的生长和分化有明显的抑制作用,适宜的筛选压力为100mg.L-1。(3)将子叶预培养2d,在农杆菌菌液浓度OD600值为0.5左右时,侵染外植体10min左右,共培养3d,转化效率最高。(4)经PCR鉴定获得了抗性植株,抗病性鉴定显示,转基因植株对枯萎病的抗性有所增强,发病迟缓。     

Effect of Microwave and He-Ne Laser on Enzyme Activity and Biophoton Emission of Isatis indigotica Fort

The seed embryos of Isatis indigotica Fort were exposed to He-Ne laser (5.23 mW/mm2, radiated for 5 min) and microwave (1.26 mW/mm2, radiated for 8 s) irradiation to determine the effects of microwave and He-Ne laser pretreatment on enzyme activities, and biophoton emission of cotyledon. Then: (i) changes in the activities of enzymes in I. indigotica cotyledon (such as amylase, transaminase, and proteinase) were measured to investigate the effects of He-Ne laser and microwave pretreatment; and (ii) biophoton emission was measured to determine the speed of cell division and metabolism. Results from these experiments indicated that: (i) the activities of amylase, transaminase, and proteinase of the cotyledon pretreated by HeNe laser and microwave were significantly increased; and (ii) the intensity of biophoton emission was enhanced significantly by He-Ne laser and microwave irradiation. These changes suggest that He-Ne laser and microwave pretreatment can improve the inner energy of seeds, lead to an enhancement of cotyledon enzymes, and speed up the metabolism of the cell, resulting in significantly increased biophoton emission.Moreover, the mechanism of action of the effects of laser and microwave radiation on the microcalorimetric parameters, enzyme activities, and biophoton emission of seeds is discussed on the basis of the results obtained.     

外植体龄和蔗糖浓度对黄瓜子叶产生毛状根的影响

研究了外植体龄和蔗糖浓度对发根农杆菌 R160 1介导黄瓜子叶产生毛状根的影响。结果表明 :以 10 d龄子叶外植体产生毛状根的能力最强 ,外植体的毛状根诱导率为 88.89% ;2 0 d龄子叶外植体的毛状根诱导率比 10 d龄子叶外植体降低 52 .86% ;30 d龄子叶外植体感染发根农杆菌R160 1后不产生毛状根。感染发根农杆菌 R160 1的黄瓜子叶外植体在不加或加 1%蔗糖的 MS培养基上的毛状根诱导率极低 ,子叶外植体逐渐变黄 ,腐烂 ;而培养基中添加 2 % ,3%或 4 %的蔗糖可显著提高子叶外植体的毛状根诱导率。黄瓜毛状根能在无外源植物激素的 MS液体培养基中自主生长。冠瘿碱的高压纸电泳检测表明毛状根已被 Ri T- DNA转化