初探病理科肿瘤组织样本库的建立

临床病理科有着最为丰富的肿瘤组织资源,其工作性质决定了在肿瘤组织样本的采集等方面具有得天独厚的条件,因此病理科在肿瘤组织样本库的建设中扮演最重要的角色。本文总结了肿瘤组织样本的收集、石蜡包埋组织样本和冰冻组织样本的保存、样本使用的科学管理等方面的经验以及问题,探讨了病理科建立肿瘤组织样本库的可行性。     

传染病医院血清标本库系统建设

血清标本库是组织库的一种,血清样本是十分重要的临床病例原始资料,对病例回访追踪、科研教学都是重要的资源,尤其是对传染病医院来说,在确认疫情性质、追踪传染病的来源、明确潜在的传染源、为感染者寻找有效的治疗措施等方面发挥着重要的作用,很多新发突发传染病的血清标本本身就是极其重要的第一手临床资料,因此,建设、完善和管理专业的血清标本库对医院甚至对国家来说都是具有战略意义的.我们根据我院自身情况,基于网络数据技术在原有血清库的基础上自行开发研制了血清标本库系统,包括外部浏览使用和内部管理两大部分,在冰箱管理、数据同步、外部浏览方面较前做了很大改进,可以快捷地管理、查询、取用血清标本,本文就其设计、使用及特点等方面做简单介绍.     

人偏肺病毒TaqMan-MGB探针实时定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

目的:建立人偏肺病毒(hMPV)核酸特异的快速、敏感的TaqMan-MGB探针实时定量RT-PCR检测方法.方法:分别设计hMPV特异的引物与荧光标记探针,合成hMPV绝对定量RNA模板,建立实时荧光定量PCR方法,并与常规RT-PCR平行比较,对其灵敏性、特异性和可重复性,以及用于临床样本的适用性等进行评价.结果:本方法可对hMPV进行特异性诊断,检测灵敏度可达10拷贝/25 μL,检测线性范围至少可达10 1～10 6拷贝/反应,且实验重复性好,初步应用于北京地区采集的158份临床鼻咽拭子标本,定量RT-PCR检出31份标本阳性,明显高于常规RT-PCR方法(22/158).结论:建立了人偏肺病毒TaqMan-MGB探针定量RT-PCR检测方法,并初步证实可用于临床鼻咽拭子标本的检测,为开展hMPV的流行监测及临床早期诊断提供了技术手段.     

乳腺肿瘤组织标本库与数据库的建立及信息化管理

目的:随着基础和临床研究的深入开展,拥有完整基因信息的组织标本成为了肿瘤研究工作的基础.建立电子信息化管理的乳腺肿瘤组织标本库和数据库,为临床和科研收集、保存和管理标本资源.方法:标准化收集手术切除的乳腺肿瘤组织、正常腺体组织,以及患者血液标本,预处理后保存于-80℃冰箱中.每3个月从标本库中随机抽取5例标本,提取标本的总RNA,琼脂糖凝胶电泳验证总RNA质量;运用免疫组织化学法(Immunohistochemistry,IHC)检测标本中人表皮生长因子-2(Human epidermal growth factor receptor,HER-2 or c-erbB-2)和Ki67的表达,并与术后免疫组化结果进行比较.同时利用Epidata软件管理乳腺肿瘤组织标本库.结果:收集恶性肿瘤507例,良性肿瘤212例,血液标本9347份,并建立了一套高效的信息化管理系统.总RNA电泳结果显示28 S和18S亚基条带清晰明亮,5S条带很弱,表明标本中的RNA质量较高,无降解.免疫组化结果显示标本中的HER-2和Ki67的表达与术后免疫组化结果情况吻合,存储的标本质量良好.结论:建立的实验标本收集、储存流程是有效可行的,收集的标本质量是可靠的,管理方法是高效实用的,为乳腺肿瘤基础和临床研究提供质量可靠的标本来源,可为乳腺肿瘤研究提供良好的服务平台.     

海南岛四种库蠓的採集记录(双翅目, 蠓科)

(1)本文记录了作者于1953—1954年在海南岛进行蚊类调查时所采获的蠓类标本,共获有嗜蚊库蠓(Culicoides anophelis Edw., 1922)、苏门答腊库蠓(Culicoides sumatraeMacfie,1934)、尖喙库蠓(Culicoides oxystoma Kieffer,1910)及异域库蠓(Culicoidesperegrinus Kieffer,1910)等四种库蠓,均为海南岛的新记录,其中苏门答腊库蠓(Culicoidessumatrae Macfie,1934)并为我国初次记载。 (2)本文记录了四种库蠓的采集地点、采集季节、采集场所等资料,并对苏门答腊库蠓(Culicoides sumatrae Macfie,1934)的形态作了描述。     

双重条形码技术在临床组织样本库标准化管理中的应用

双重条形码的应用改变了临床组织样本库传统的记录模式,具有信息录入、储存、浏览、检索以及数据维护、管理等功能,并具有安全、高效、操作方便等优点。可准确、动态地反映储存于组织样本库中的样本信息,从而大大提高组织样本库的样本管理效率和质量。     

血浆游离DNA全基因组甲基化测序的实用稳定性评估

随着液体活检技术的发展,血浆游离DNA成为当前的研究热点之一。血浆游离DNA的全基因组甲基化测序被认为在癌症检测等医学应用拥有巨大潜力,但目前尚缺乏针对该实验流程的实用稳定性评估。文中利用两名志愿者在不同时间采样的血浆游离DNA,在不同实验平台分别进行DNA甲基化的重亚硫酸盐转化前建库(Pre-BS)、转化后建库(Post-BS)和常规DNA建库,获取多因素影响下的测序数据样本。在此基础上,建立了一套血浆游离DNA测序数据分析的质量控制参考流程,综合评估了血液采集提取、游离DNA建库测序过程的实用稳定性,为血浆游离DNA全基因组甲基化测序应用于临床液体活检提供实用性的基础参考。     

库蠓源蓝舌病病毒1型的分离和初步鉴定

为监测云南边境地区虫媒库蠓蓝舌病病毒携带情况,本研究对2013年-2017年从云南6个口岸及周边地区采集到的约5 400只库蠓样本,分180组。采用荧光定量RT-PCR检测、鸡胚和细胞分离、目的基因克隆测序分析和间接免疫荧光试验等进行病毒分离与鉴定。结果显示:采集库蠓样本中有20组检出蓝舌病病毒核酸,检出率为11.11%(20/180);接种后有1份样本能导致鸡胚胚体充血出血和死亡以及BHK-21细胞呈现明显的细胞病变;RT-PCR能从感染细胞样本中扩增出蓝舌病病毒VP7基因特异性片段,且该片段序列与国外BTV-1毒株相应序列的相似性达95%~99%;间接免疫荧光试验显示分离病毒能与BTV-1抗体发生特异性结合。结果表明,云南边境地区库蠓携带有蓝舌病病毒,且为BTV-1,因此应加强对云南边境地区蓝舌病的预防与控制。     

世界十大植物标本馆

1.法国国立自然历史博物馆(P)国家:法国标本数量:8000000份建立年份:1635年馆藏特色:全球性标本,侧重于于非洲、东南亚、法国、欧洲和马达加斯加标本;以保藏有法国传教士19世纪末前后在中国西南各省采集的标本著称。     

祁连山国家级自然保护区大型真菌资源

通过对祁连山国家级自然保护区大型真菌进行采集,共获得3 034份标本,鉴定出214种,隶属于4纲13目36科80属,其中食用菌63种、药用菌40种、毒菌27种,对种级分类水平的大型真菌进行α多样性分析,发现祁连山国家级自然保护区物种丰富度较高,物种均匀度高。在野外调查的基础上,研究团队构建了祁连山国家级自然保护区菌物资源“一馆五库”保育体系,其中,标本馆保存3 034份标本,菌种库保存30种大型经济真菌的79株菌种,活体库保存1 573份干燥菌体组织,基因库保存357份DNA样品及其ITS序列信息,化合物库保存3种大型真菌的脂溶性成分信息及其色谱图,综合信息库保存3 034份标本的编号、采集日期、采集人、照片、活体、菌株、中文名、拉丁学名、地理信息（经度、纬度、海拔）、采集地名等综合信息。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.