125 I标记白眉蝮蛇毒精氨酸酯酶代谢动力学研究

研究白眉蝮蛇(Agkistrodon halys ussuriensis)毒精氨酸酯酶的代谢动力学,为临床应用提供依据。125I标记的精氨酸酯酶对大鼠一侧颈静脉给药,不同时间从另一测颈静脉取血。5h后处死动物,取各组织、尿液、胆汁和粪便,对各样本的放射性进行测定并拟合时间-放射性关系曲线。代谢动力学拟合曲线符合一室模型,其中生物半衰期T1/2为55.9min,K值为0.0124min-1。125I标记的精氨酸酯酶在体内各组织广泛分布,但有血脑屏障存在,肝、肾和尿液中的放射性比其它组织要高很多,主要通过肝脏降解,肾脏排泄。     

~(125)Ⅰ—标记尖吻蝮蛇出血毒素Ⅰ在家兔体内的药代动力学研究

用~(125)Ⅰ标记从尖吻蝮蛇(Agkistrodon acutus)毒中分离出的出血毒素(Ⅰ Aa-HI),得到Ⅰ~(125)Ⅰ—AaHI。静脉注射~(125)Ⅰ—AaHI到家兔体内,对~(125)Ⅰ—AaHI在动物体内的分布和药物代谢动力学进行研究。注射~(125)Ⅰ—AaHI 5小时后将家兔杀死,测定各组织的放射性强度。结果表明有血脑屏障存在。~(125)Ⅰ—AaHI代谢的大量产物由肾通过尿排出。对于药物代谢动力学,计算机模似结果为一室模型,其中生物半衰期T_(1/2)为55.9分钟,K值为0.0124分钟。我们认为在动物体内可能有AaHI相关的结合位点或受体存在。     

^125I-PLGA标记物的制备与鉴定

目的开发一种^125I-PLGA标记物合成的新技术,并对新合成标记物的性质进行鉴定。方法在密闭容器中,应用重复加热的方法,使Na^125I与PLGA氯仿溶液反应,实施PLGA的^125I放射性标记。并对^125I-PLGA标记物的放射性活度进行检测。结果经过上述标记过程,成功合成了^125I-PLGA标记物,此标记物释放γ射线,放射性活度和材料质量成正比。结论^125I-PLGA标记物与传统的放射性核素标记物相比,具有合成工艺简单、放射性污染易于控制、放射性活度易于检测等优点。     

188Re-RGD-4CK的制备及其示踪动力学研究

目的:探讨188Re标记RGD-4CK的方法及其在健康家兔体内的示踪动力学特性.方法:采用预锡化法188Re直接标记RGD-4CK.纸层析测定标记多肽的标记率并计算比活度.测定9只家兔经耳缘静脉注射37 MBq 188Re-RGD-4CK后不同时相点血液中的放射性浓度,采用DAS软件评价标记多肽示踪动力学行为,以F值检验、AIC值、R2值并结合αvβ3a受体在正常机体表达实际.对血液放射性浓度-时间数据进行房室模型曲线拟合,根据拟合结果计算示踪动力学参数.结果:188Re-RGD-4CK的标记率大于97%,比活度为3.97±0.02TBq/mmol.188Re-RGD-4CK在健康家兔体内的放射浓度实测值符合以1/C2为权重系数拟合的二室模型理论计算值.结论:预锡化法188Re直接标记RGD-4CK制备方法简便,标记率高,无需分离纯化.188Re-RGD-4CK在健康家兔体内的示踪动力学符合以1/C2为权重系数拟合的二室模型.     

双标记RC对KHT肉瘤的细胞周期分析(英文)

本文利用测定G_1期和中S期细胞内放射性变化的方法(RC)测出小鼠KHT肉瘤的细胞周期时相的时间及其变异系数(CV)。腹腔注射~3H-UdR后,8小时再注射~(125)I-UdR,按2小时间隔取肿瘤制成单个细胞悬液,DNA特异性染料色霉素A_3染色,根据细胞DNA含量用FACS荧光激活细胞分类器分离出纯的G_1期和中S期细胞,分别测定细胞中~(125)I和~3H的放射性,用多室数学模型根据每个细胞内~(125)I和~3H的放射性变化,计算出TG_1为6.7小时,Ts为9.0小时,TG2M为3小时,生长指数为1。     

[~(125)I]BE 2254能鉴定兔主动脉平滑肌的α_1肾上腺受体

α肾上腺受体在调节血管张力和反应性方面,可能行使重要的作用。血管α肾上腺受体的药物学特性,过去是通过血管的收缩,间接反应的,因此,对血管α肾上腺受体的生物化学特性及其调节作用仍不太清楚。近年来,由于放射性配基结合技术的迅速发展,改进了肾上腺受体的研究。已采用的氚标记α配基有[~3H]dihydroergocryptine、[~3H]yohimbine、[~3H]WB 4101。1981年Colucci等用放射性配基成功地测定了大鼠肠系膜动脉的α受体,发现它是α_1亚型。但由于氚标记的放射性配基相对特异性小、比放射性低、测定动脉平滑肌受体时需要大量的血管组织来制备膜受体,这对于一些小型实验动物,存在不少困难。最近,Tsujimoto等报道了一种新型的、高特异性的、有效的、同位素碘标记的α配基——[~(125)I]BE 2254。药理学实验说明,BE 2254对α_1受体有优先的抑制作用,用~(125)I标记的化合物,更增加了对α_1肾上腺受体     

^188Re-RGD-4CK的制备及其示踪动力学研究

目的：探讨^188Re标记RGD-4CK的方法及其在健康家兔体内的示踪动力学特性。方法：采用预锡化法^188Re直接标记RGD-4CK,纸层析测定标记多肽的标记率并计算比活度。测定9只家兔经耳缘静脉注射37MBq^188Re-RGD-4CK后不同时相点血液中的放射性浓度,采用DAS软件评价标记多肽示踪动力学行为,以F值检验、AIC值、R2值并结合αvβ3受体在正常机体表达实际,对血液放射性浓度一时间数据进行房室模型曲线拟合,根据拟合结果计算示踪动力学参数。结果：^188Re-RGD-4CK的标记率大于97％,比活度为3．97±0．02TBq／mmol。^188Re-RGD-4CK在健康家兔体内的放射浓度实测值符合以1／C2为权重系数拟合的二室模型理论计算值。结论：预锡化法^188Re直接标记RGD-4CK制备方法简便,标记率高,无需分离纯化。^188Re-RGD-4CK在健康家兔体内的示踪动力学符合以1／C2为权重系数拟合的二室模型。     

小鼠灌服~3H-孕素Ⅰ号后放射性在体内的动力学过程及在粪便中的检出

用氚标记孕素Ⅰ号在小鼠体内进行了示踪实验。灌药后血液中放射性在15分钟已达高峰,然后呈指数曲线下降。在第4小时,其放射性强度已仅为给药后15分钟时的10%左右。但到第13天还可测到微量。各组织中的放射性分布与组织特点有关。肝脏是代谢器官,给药后表现为吸收快,消退也快,其中有一段较稳定时期;其它各组织都有一过性的增高,而不同组织高峰出现的时间不一样:肾,卵巢,垂体和肌肉均在给药后半小时左右;子宫和脂肪要2小时才达最大值。从消退速度看,垂体和脂肪较为缓慢,这对药物的效应和在体内的滞留可能会产生一定影响。尿和粪中排出的放射性主要集中在给药后的第1天,分别为给药量的7.7%和68.2%。从薄层层析萤光自显影及同位素反稀释法重结晶证明:第1天粪便中含有未被吸收的孕素Ⅰ号约为给药量的1/3。     

小鼠灌服~3H-孕素Ⅰ号后放射性在体内的动力学过程及在粪便中的检出

用氚标记孕素Ⅰ号在小鼠体内进行了示踪实验。灌药后血液中放射性在15分钟已达高峰,然后呈指数曲线下降。在第4小时,其放射性强度已仅为给药后15分钟时的10%左右。但到第13天还可测到微量。各组织中的放射性分布与组织特点有关。肝脏是代谢器官,给药后表现为吸收快,消退也快,其中有一段较稳定时期;其它各组织都有一过性的增高,而不同组织高峰出现的时间不一样:肾,卵巢,垂体和肌肉均在给药后半小时左右;子宫和脂肪要2小时才达最大值。从消退速度看,垂体和脂肪较为缓慢,这对药物的效应和在体内的滞留可能会产生一定影响。尿和粪中排出的放射性主要集中在给药后的第1天,分别为给药量的7.7%和68.2%。从薄层层析萤光自显影及同位素反稀释法重结晶证明:第1天粪便中含有未被吸收的孕素Ⅰ号约为给药量的1/3。     

赤爱胜蚯蚓(Eisenia Foetida Sarigny)纤溶酶的研究——Ⅲ.消化道吸收的研究

本文通过用~(125)I(NaI~(125)标记的纤溶酶所作的家兔消化道的吸收实验研究及用3P87药代动力学程序的微机处理,确定了纤溶酶的消化道吸收的药时曲线;在血液中的消除半衰期为137分钟;消除速率常数为0.00506立升/分钟;峰浓度时间约为170分钟和其生物利用度约为39％的结果。为使纤溶酶制成肠溶溶栓酶片提供了临床应用研究的依据。     

Time course of distribution to tissues of 125I-somatomedin A injected into the rat

125I-somatomedin A (SMA) was injected iv into rats. Distribution studies in rats showed concentrations of radioactivity to be high in kidney and plasma, low in brain, and intermediate in other tissues. The concentration of total and trichloracetic acid (TCA) precipitable radioactivity in rat blood and tissues fell at rapid rate. Ninety per cent of the radioactivity was in the urine in 24 hr, and only 15% of urine radioactivity was TCA precipitable. The half-life of the radioactivity in TCA-precipitable fraction from blood and that from tissues were nearly identical (about 6 hr). In both liver and kidney, TCA-precipitable radioactivity was detected in membrane and/or organellar fraction and cytosol fraction. Sephadex G-200 chromatography at neutral PHY AT NEUTRAL PH of plasma after injection of 125I-SMA revealed 3 peaks of radioactivity in higher molecular weight region than purified SMA.     

Clearance and distribution of acid-stable trypsin inhibitor (ASTI)

The clearance, organ distribution and metabolic pathway of the acid-stable trypsin inhibitor (ASTI) were studied in mice using 125I-labeled urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI), the most typical ASTI in the urine. Following intravenous injection of 125I-UTI, the radioactivity disappeared rapidly from the circulation with a half-life of 4 min for the initial part of the curve. Gel filtration of plasma samples revealed that the rapid disappearance of the radioactivity was due to elimination of free inhibitor from the plasma. 125I-UTI was cleared primarily in the kidney. Gel filtration of urine samples showed that part of the radioactivity in the urine appeared at the same elution volume as 125I-UTI in the plasma, indicating that the origin of UTI was ASTI in the plasma.     

Tissue distribution of retinol and its metabolites after administration of double-labelled retinol.

The tissue concentrations and distribution of radioactivity present in retinol and its metabolites were investigated in vitamin A-deficient rats 24h after injection of physiological doses (10mug) of [6, 7-14C2, 11,12-3H2] retinol. The highest concentration of radioactivity was observed in the adrenals, followed by kidney, spleen, liver, intestine and blood. The total radioactivity was greatest in urine, followed in descending order by liver, kidney, blood and intestine. The 14C/3H ratios of crude light-petroleum extracts in the liver, intestines, lungs, heart and faeces were similar to the ratio of the injected retinol dispersion. However, the 14C/3H ratios in the adrenals, kidney, spleen, blood, brain and urine were quite different from that of injected retinol. Alumina chromatography of the kidney and intestinal extracts demonstrated that retinol and retinyl palmitate are the principal forms of vitamin A present. However, alumina chromatography of the liver extract did not reveal the presence of retinol but yielded a major compound with a low 14C/3H ratio. That this compound was not retinol was shown by its inability to react with ethanolic HC1 to yield anhydroretinol. The distribution of radioactivity in ether-soluble, acidic and water-soluble fractions of urine indicated that most of the radioactivity was present in the acidic and water-soluble fractions. The 14C/3H ratios in ether-soluble and acidic fractions were higher than that of injected retinol, whereas in the water-soluble fraction the ratio was similar to the injected material.     

重组人甲状旁腺素（1-34）在大鼠体内的组织分布和排泄

目的：研究重组人甲状旁腺素（1-34）[rhPTH（1—34）]在大鼠体内的组织分布和排泄情况,为进一步的临床实验提供参考。方法：用^125I-同位素示踪法结合TCA酸沉淀法测定各主要器官组织的总放射性浓度和酸沉淀部分放射性浓度,获得rhPTH（1-34）的尿粪排泄和胆汁排泄数据。结果：各主要器官组织的总放射性浓度排序由高到低依次为：尿、肾、膀胱、肠内容物、肌肉、血清、肾上腺、空肠、肝、肺脏、卵巢、肠淋巴结、脾、胸腺、心脏、脂肪、睾丸和脑;大鼠皮下注射。^125I-rhPTH（1-34）后,骨骼组织中放射性分布低于血浆,但消除缓慢,血浆浓度4h较15min降低了78％,而骨骼浓度多数仅降低了50％以下;注射后72h,尿、粪分别排出注入放射性量的73．6％±10．9％和3．2％±1．3％,尿、粪合计排出注入放射性量的76．8％±11,4％;注射后12h,胆汁中累积排出注入放射性的6．64％±1．04％。经分子筛排阻HPLC证实,^125I-rhPTH（1-34）不与大鼠的血浆蛋白发生结合。结论：rhPTH（1-34）在泌尿系统中的分布较高,在脂肪和脑中最低,提示药物不易透过血脑屏障;就全身放射性分布而言,在骨骼中分布较高,提示药物具有一定的靶向性;rhPTH（1-34）主要经尿的形式排泄。     

Tissue distribution and physiologically based pharmacokinetics of antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide ISIS 1082 in rat

The aim of this study was to develop a whole body physiologically based model of the pharmacokinetics (PBPK) of the phosphorothioate oligonucleotide (PS-ODN) ISIS 1082 in vivo. Rats were administered an intravenous (i.v.) bolus dose of ISIS 1082 (10 mg/kg plus 3H tracer), and arterial blood and tissues were taken at specific times up to 72 hours. Radioactivity was measured in all samples. The parent compound was determined specifically in blood and tissues at 90 minutes and in liver and kidney also at 24 hours, using capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE). A whole body PBPK model was fitted to the combined blood and tissue radioactivity data using nonlinear regression analysis. CGE analysis indicated that the predominant species in plasma and all tissues is ISIS 1082, together with some n-1 and n-2 metabolites. Total radioactivity primarily reflects these species. The whole body model successfully described temporal events in all tissues. However, to adequately model the experimental data, all tissues had to be partitioned into vascular and extravascular spaces to accommodate the relatively slow distribution of ISIS 1082 out of blood because of a permeability rate limitation. ISIS 1082 distributes extensively into tissues, but the relative affinity varies enormously, being highest for kidney and liver and lowest for muscle and brain. A whole body PBPK model with a permeability rate limited tissue distribution was developed that adequately described events in both blood and tissue for an oligonucleotide. This model has the potential not only to characterize the events in individual tissues throughout the body for such compounds but also to scale across animal species, including human.     

The tissue distribution and the pattern of excretion of [14C]-13-labeled 12, 13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene in mice and rats

The distribution in the mouse tissues of 13-[14C]-12,13-epoxtrichothec-9-ene administered intravenously was determined by whole-body autoradiography and by tracing the radioactivity of the tissues oxidized in an Auto Sample Oxidizer. The appearance of the label in urine and feces was also followed by the tracer technique. The distributions of radioactivity in tissues as determined by the two methods were almost identical. On the autoradiograms of mice killed 10 min after the injection, marked blackening of the film was observed at the sites corresponding to the liver, kidney, and bladder with urine, and much less darkening at other sites. The radioactivities contained in the liver, kidney, urine and small intestine were 13.3, 2.3, 2.6 and 10.2% of the dose, respectively. The labeled toxin was rapidly excreted into urine and feces, 56.0 and 4.9% in 6 hr and 66.7 and 28.0% in 24 hr after injection, respectively. Oral administration of the labeled toxin to mother mice resulted in the appearance of radioactivity in the stomach contents of 7-day suckling mice, thus demonstrating indirectly the secretion of the toxin into the milk. An attempt to show a respiratory route of excretion in rats given the radioactive compound orally or intravenously failed to detect any radioactivity in the expired CO2 collected for 6 hr, suggesting that the 14C in the epoxy ring was intact.     

Formation of complexes between 125I-labelled human or bovine somatotropins and binding proteins in vivo in rat liver and kidney.

At 5 min after intravenous injection, both 125I-labelled human somatotropin and 125I-labelled bovine somatotropin were concentrated in rat liver and kidney. When the labelled hormones were administered along with an excess of the corresponding unlabelled hormone, a significant decrease of the uptake was observed in the liver, but not in the kidney. Study of the subcellular distribution of radioiodinated somatotropins in liver revealed that most of the radioactivity was specifically concentrated in the microsomal fraction. In contrast, the kidney fraction that accounted for most of the radioactivity was the 100 000 g supernatant. After solubilization, with 1% (w/v) Triton X-100, of the microsomal fractions obtained from both organs, the radioactive material was analysed by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-6B. By using this approach, it was demonstrated that both 125I-labelled human somatotropin and 125I-labelled bovine somatotropin bind in vivo to proteins present in liver. A small proportion of 125I-labelled human somatotropin was also shown to form complexes with proteins present in kidney. The present results demonstrate that the liver uptake is mainly due to binding of somatotropins to specific proteins, in contrast with the kidney, in which binding to specific sites contributes minimally to the overall uptake.     

Plasma clearance and tissue distribution of radiolabeled leptin in the chicken

Leptin is an adipose and liver tissue-derived secreted protein in chickens that has been implicated in the regulation of food intake and whole-body energy balance. In this study, the metabolic clearance and tissue uptake of leptin were examined in the chicken (Gallus gallus). Four-week-old broiler males were infused with (125)I-labeled mouse leptin. Chromatography of radiolabeled leptin in plasma produced two peaks, one at 16 kDa (free leptin) and a free iodine peak. No leptin binding protein in blood was detected. Leptin was cleared with a half-life estimate of 23 min. In order to investigate the tissue distribution and uptake of radiolabeled leptin, multiple tissues were removed from infused birds at 15 and 240 min post-infusion, and trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-precipitable radioactivity was determined. The amounts of radioactivity at 15 min post-infusion in the tissues in rank order were: kidney, testis, lung, spleen, heart, liver, small and large intestine, gizzard, pancreas, bursa, leg and breast muscle, adrenals, and brain. A slightly different pattern of distribution was observed at 240 min post-infusion. We conclude from these studies that unlike mammals, no circulating leptin binding protein is present in chickens. Leptin is metabolized and cleared very rapidly from blood by the kidney.