一株中华绒螯蟹呼肠孤病毒RNA1 cDNA文库构建及其RNA聚合酶基因部分序列分析

在中华绒螯蟹体内分离到一株呼肠孤病毒(命名为EsRV905株).采用Trizol试剂提取病毒核酸,经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,碎胶法回收基因组各节段.随机引物法合成第一节段的cDNA文库,胶回收试剂盒去除小片段,平端连接于载体,化学转化,利用蓝白斑筛选阳性克隆子,酶切鉴定重组质粒.从基因组第一节段的重组质粒中选择2个插入片段约为1.5kb的质粒测序,结果得到包括RNA聚合酶主要特征性结构的一段序列.结果说明,这株蟹呼肠孤病毒的RNA聚合酶定位于基因组第一节段.     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒RNA聚合酶基因的表达与产物纯化

草鱼呼肠孤病毒是引起草鱼出血病的主要病原,隶属于呼肠孤病毒科水生呼肠孤病毒属.序列分析表明,GCRV S2 片段长为3 877核苷酸,编码一个分子量为138kDa 的蛋白VP2,具有RNA聚合酶性质.为进一步了解该病毒 RNA聚合酶特性,本研究在对GCRV RNA聚合酶基因(GCRV-RdRp)保守区(约1.5kb)重组质粒pR/RRp高效表达的基础上,分别构建了编码GCRV RNA聚合酶保守区N端与C端部分基因的 pR/RRpN及pR/RRpC重组表达载体,并在原核细胞中获得成功表达.筛选的重组表达菌株经IPTG诱导培养,得到分子量分别为98kDa、103kDa的目的表达融合蛋白.Western blot分析表明,该表达产物与兔抗GCRV-VP2血清呈阳性反应.通过ProBond柱亲和层析,纯化了融合有6个组氨酸的重组表达产物,并获得约90%纯的目的蛋白.上述结果为GCRV RNA聚合酶特性分析提供了依据.     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒RNA聚合酶基因的表达与产物纯化

草鱼呼肠孤病毒是引起草鱼出血病的主要病原,隶属于呼肠孤病毒科水生呼肠孤病毒属。序列分析表明,GCRVS2片段长为3877核苷酸,编码一个分子量为138kDa的蛋白VP2,具有RNA聚合酶性质。为进一步了解该病毒RNA聚合酶特性,本研究在对GCRV RNA聚合酶基因(GCRV—RdRp)保守区(约1．5kb)重组质粒pR／RRp高效表达的基础上,分别构建了编码GCRV RNA聚合酶保守区N端与C端部分基因的pR／RRpN及pR／RRpC重组表达载体,并在原核细胞中获得成功表达。筛选的重组表达菌株经IPTG诱导培养,得到分子量分别为98kDa、103kDa的目的表达融合蛋白。Western blot分析表明,该表达产物与兔抗GCRV—VP2血清呈阳性反应。通过ProBond柱亲和层析,纯化了融合有6个组氨酸的重组表达产物,并获得约90％纯的目的蛋白。上述结果为GCRV RNA聚合酶特性分析提供了依据。     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒RNA聚合酶基因功能区在原核细胞中的表达

草鱼呼肠孤病毒(grass carp reovirus)为我国分离、鉴定的第一株水生动物病毒.1983年,我国首次报道引起爆发性草鱼出血病的病原为草鱼出血病病毒[1,2],其后相继进行了系统的病毒形态学、生物学、生物化学及分子生物学特性等研究[3-8].自1979年Meyers T R等报道从水生动物中分离出第一株呼肠孤样病毒,迄今国际上已分离鉴定40余种水生呼肠孤病毒(aquareovirus).在这些分离株中,大多数毒株不能引起寄主的病理反应或仅表现出较弱的致病性.然而研究认为,GCRV为水生呼肠孤病毒中致病力最强的毒株[9].可见,以GCRV为模型,研究水生呼肠孤病毒的复制与致病机理具有一定的理论及实际意义.我们在对GCRV反应核心及体外转录研究中,已证实GCRV RNA聚合酶在病毒粒子中的存在及其位置[5];GCRV序列测定及定位结果显示,GCRV-VP2多肽为该病毒RNA聚合酶(RNA dependent RNA polymerase RdRp)[6,7].为了探讨草鱼呼肠孤病毒的侵染与宿主的相关性及复制机制,我们首次进行了该病毒RNA聚合酶基因(GCRV-RdRp)功能区序列在原核细胞中的表达研究,并得到高效表达融合蛋白.这一结果将为该酶的活性及特性分析提供实验依据.下面报道本研究结果.     

中华绒螯蟹二株呼肠孤病毒的初步研究

在研究中华绒螯蟹病害的过程中,分离到两株呼肠孤病毒(分别命名为EsRV816和Es RV905).EsRV816从江苏某养殖场分离,EsRV905从武汉某养殖场分离.EsR V816和EsRV905 的病毒粒子为球状对称结构,大小分别为65nm和55nm.病毒粒子基因组分别为10和12个 节段的双链RNA.根据它们的宿主范围、基因组节段数及电泳型,这两种病毒很可能属于呼肠孤病毒科的两个新属.     

中华绒螯蟹二株呼肠孤病毒的初步研究

在研究中华绒螯蟹病害的过程中 ,分离到两株呼肠孤病毒 (分别命名为EsRV816和EsRV90 5 )。EsRV816从江苏某养殖场分离 ,EsRV90 5从武汉某养殖场分离。EsRV816和EsRV90 5的病毒粒子为球状对称结构 ,大小分别为 6 5nm和 5 5nm。病毒粒子基因组分别为 10和 12个节段的双链RNA。根据它们的宿主范围、基因组节段数及电泳型 ,这两种病毒很可能属于呼肠孤病毒科的两个新属     

南方养殖草鱼呼肠孤病毒的分子特性比较及双重PCR检测方法的建立

本实验室2009年从广东省患典型出血病的养殖草鱼中分离到一株具强致病性的水生呼肠孤病毒GCRV-GD108株,该毒株具有11个节段双链RNA。全基因组序列分析显示与草鱼呼肠孤病毒GCRV及水生呼肠孤病毒属其它已知种存在较大的分子差异。本研究进一步检测了广东、福建、湖南等地草鱼出血病流行毒株的分子特性。根据已克隆到的GCRV-GD108株11个节段序列分别设计合成特异引物,从各地收集患出血病草鱼,提取组织总RNA,RT-PCR检测。结果表明各检测样品均可扩增到特异性条带,而GCRV标准株则无特异条带;同时根据GCRV标准株序列合成的特异引物进行扩增,GCRV标准株有特异性条带,而各检测样品则均无带。测序结果显示各样品间相应片段序列的同源性很高(95.2%~99.4%),与GCRV-GD108的相应序列也具高同源性(95.0%~99.8%),说明检测样品与GCRV-GD108株具有相似的分子特性,均与GCRV及水生呼肠孤病毒属的其它种存在较大差异。本研究结果提示我国养殖草鱼出血病病毒存在着不同的分子类型,GCRV-GD108株在南方具有一定的代表性,在病害防控上尤其是疫苗研制与使用上应予关注。此外,从上述引物中筛选出适合于双重PCR的引物对,建立了双重PCR检测方法,可在一次PCR反应中鉴别所感染的病毒属于GCRV或GCRV-GD108株。     

植物呼肠孤病毒研究的最新进展

植物呼肠孤病毒是一类形态复杂、具有多种病毒结构蛋白及片段化双链RNA基因组的病毒,一直受到病毒学家的注意。植物呼肠孤病毒对媒介昆虫的侵染不表现细胞病理     

中国首次分离到Kadipiro病毒

在云南省西北部地区进行的虫媒病毒调查中,从三带喙库蚊、中华按蚊和骚扰阿蚊中分别分离到5株病毒。全部病毒在C6/36细胞上产生细胞病变,而在BHK21细胞不产生细胞病变;电子显微镜观察可见病毒颗粒呈球形,直径约70nm(n=7),无包膜、表面存在明显刺状突起;聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示分离的病毒为12节段双链RNA病毒,病毒基因组带形呈6-5-1分布;用Kadipiro病毒的特异性引物可以扩增到目的条带,基因组第12节段全长758nt,与Kadipiro病毒原型株JKT-7075的同源性为90%,遗传进化分析显示在云南蚊虫分离的5株病毒均为呼肠孤病毒科(Reoviridae)东南亚十二节段RNA病毒属(Seadornavirus)Kadipiro病毒。本文为我国Kadipiro病毒分离的首次报道。     

禽腺病毒QU株一个复制非必需区的鉴定

禽腺病毒QU弱毒株属于鸭腺病毒1型病毒, 可作为潜在的重组疫苗载体。为确定QU株的复制非必需区, 参照鸭腺病毒1型病毒基因组右侧E4区附近序列设计引物, 扩增QU株基因组的一段3.4 kb片段, 插入来自pEGFP-C1质粒的增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因表达盒片段, 构建了含EGFP基因的重组质粒pADGFP。采用脂质体介导法, 将重组质粒pADGFP与QU株共转染CEF细胞, 用96孔板稀释法筛选纯化表达绿色荧光蛋白的重组QU病毒株rQUGFP。该重组毒的生长曲线与亲本毒一致, 连续传代后病毒滴度稳定。结果表明, QU株基因组右侧E4区附近一段包括ORF1、ORF8和ORF9三个开放阅读框的区域为病毒的复制非必需区, 且插入的EGFP基因可以稳定表达。为进一步以禽腺病毒QU株为载体构建重组疫苗的研究打下基础。     

cDNA cloning of Korean human norovirus and nucleotidylylation of VPg by norovirus RNA-Dependent RNA polymerase

Norovirus, a member of the Caliciviridae family, is a major causative agent of gastroenteritis worldwide. The cDNA of the entire genome of human norovirus (HuNV) was cloned using the RNA extracted from the stool sample of a Korean patient. The RNA genome consists of 7,559 nucleotides, carries 3 open reading frames (ORFs), 5 and 3 noncoding regions, and a poly(A) tail at the 3 end. Phylogenic analysis of the nucleotide sequence indicated that it belongs to GII.4, the most dominant genogroup. To analyze RNA synthesis and nucleotidylylation of VPg by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), recombinant RdRp and VPg were expressed in Escherichia coli as His-tagged forms. The HuNV RdRp exhibited template and divalent cation-dependent RNA synthesis in vitro. The HuNV RdRp nucleotidylylated HuNV VPg but not murine norovirus (MNV) VPg, whereas MNV RdRp nucleotidylylated both MNV and HuNV VPg more efficiently than HuNV RdRp.     

A Recombinant Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Capable of Copying the Full-Length Viral RNA

All of the previously reported recombinant RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp), the NS5B enzymes, of hepatitis C virus (HCV) could function only in a primer-dependent and template-nonspecific manner, which is different from the expected properties of the functional viral enzymes in the cells. We have now expressed a recombinant NS5B that is able to synthesize a full-length HCV genome in a template-dependent and primer-independent manner. The kinetics of RNA synthesis showed that this RdRp can initiate RNA synthesis de novo and yield a full-length RNA product of genomic size (9.5 kb), indicating that it did not use the copy-back RNA as a primer. This RdRp was also able to accept heterologous viral RNA templates, including poly(A)- and non-poly(A)-tailed RNA, in a primer-independent manner, but the products in these cases were heterogeneous. The RdRp used some homopolymeric RNA templates only in the presence of a primer. By using the 3'-end 98 nucleotides (nt) of HCV RNA, which is conserved in all genotypes of HCV, as a template, a distinct RNA product was generated. Truncation of 21 nt from the 5' end or 45 nt from the 3' end of the 98-nt RNA abolished almost completely its ability to serve as a template. Inclusion of the 3'-end variable sequence region and the U-rich tract upstream of the X region in the template significantly enhanced RNA synthesis. The 3' end of minus-strand RNA of HCV genome also served as a template, and it required a minimum of 239 nt from the 3' end. These data defined the cis-acting sequences for HCV RNA synthesis at the 3' end of HCV RNA in both the plus and minus senses. This is the first recombinant HCV RdRp capable of copying the full-length HCV RNA in the primer-independent manner expected of the functional HCV RNA polymerase.     

Poly(A)- and primer-independent RNA polymerase of Norovirus

Replication of positive-strand caliciviruses is mediated by a virus-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). To study the replication of Norovirus (NV), a member of the family Caliciviridae, we used a recombinant baculovirus system to express an enzymatically active RdRp protein from the 3D region of the NV genome and defined conditions for optimum enzymatic activity. Using an RNA template from the NV 3' genomic region, we observed similar levels of enzymatic activity in assays with and without a poly(A) tail. RdRp activity was not significantly affected by the addition of an RNA primer to the reaction mixture. Thus, the NV RdRp exhibited primer- and poly(A)-independent RNA polymerase activity. While the RdRp inhibitor phosphonoacetic acid inhibited NV RdRp activity, another gliotoxin did not. The active recombinant NV RdRp will be of benefit to studies of NV replication and will facilitate the development of specific inhibitors of NV proliferation.     

In vitro synthesis of minus-strand RNA by an isolated cereal yellow dwarf virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase requires VPg and a stem-loop structure at the 3' end of the virus RNA

Cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV) RNA has a 5'-terminal genome-linked protein (VPg). We have expressed the VPg region of the CYDV genome in bacteria and used the purified protein (bVPg) to raise an antiserum which was able to detect free VPg in extracts of CYDV-infected oat plants. A template-dependent RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) has been produced from a CYDV membrane-bound RNA polymerase by treatment with BAL 31 nuclease. The RdRp was template specific, being able to utilize templates from CYDV plus- and minus-strand RNAs but not those of three unrelated viruses, Red clover necrotic mosaic virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, and Tobacco mosaic virus. RNA synthesis catalyzed by the RdRp required a 3'-terminal GU sequence and the presence of bVPg. Additionally, synthesis of minus-strand RNA on a plus-strand RNA template required the presence of a putative stem-loop structure near the 3' terminus of CYDV RNA. The base-paired stem, a single-nucleotide (A) bulge in the stem, and the sequence of a tetraloop were all required for the template activity. Evidence was produced showing that minus-strand synthesis in vitro was initiated by priming by bVPg at the 3' end of the template. The data are consistent with a model in which the RdRp binds to the stem-loop structure which positions the active site to recognize the 3'-terminal GU sequence for initiation of RNA synthesis by the addition of an A residue to VPg.     

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity associated with endogenous double-stranded RNA in rice

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity was detected in the crude microsomal fraction of rice cultured cells that contain a 14 kbp double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). RdRp activity is maximal in the presence of all four nucleotide triphosphates and Mg2+ ion and is resistant to inhibitors of DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (actinomycin D and alpha-amanitin). RdRp activity increases approximately 2.5-fold in the presence of 0.5% deoxycholate. Treatment of purified microsomal fraction with proteinase K plus deoxycholate suggests that the RdRp enzyme complex with its own 14 kb RNA template is located in vesicles. The RdRp enzyme complex was solubilized with Nonidet P-40 and purified by glycerol gradient centrifugation, then exogenous RNA templates were added. Results indicate that exogenous dsRNA reduces RNA synthesis from the endogenous 14 kb RNA template.     

重组西尼罗病毒NS5融合蛋白依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶特性鉴定

西尼罗病毒(West Nile virus, WNV)非结构蛋白NS5是病毒基因组复制的关键蛋白.以病毒全长cDNA克隆为模板,PCR扩增获得NS5的RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶(RdRp)活性区（NS5pol）及该蛋白完整的编码序列（NS5F）,分别克隆于原核表达载体pET-28a 并转化至大肠杆菌E.coliBL21（DE3）中诱导表达.表达的可溶性重组蛋白经Ni柱亲和层析纯化后进行SDS-PAGE和Western印迹鉴定.结果显示,二者均为病毒特异蛋白,且纯度均在90%以上.进一步的体外RdRp分析及EMSA的结果表明,NS5pol和NSF5均有较高的RdRp活性,且该活性具有RNA模板序列和二级结构的特异性.获得的具有RdRp活性的NS5pol和NS5F为西尼罗病毒基因组复制相关元件的研究奠定了基础.