BPH-1通过分泌PGE2上调前列腺间质细胞ERRα的表达

摘要 雌激素受体相关受体α（estrogen receptor-related receptor α,ERRα）是一类可以直接或间接参与雌激素应答反应的孤儿核受体,它与雌激素受体（estrogen receptor）在结构上有很强的同源性．雌激素效应在良性前列腺增生（benign prostatic hyperplasis,BPH）的发生和发展中起着重要的作用．通常,孤儿核受体的转录活性多受一些非经典激素如维生素A衍生物、前列腺素类、固醇的调控．本文研究前列腺上皮细胞分泌的活性因子对间质细胞ERRα表达调控的分子机制．收集前列腺增生上皮细胞系BPH-1和前列腺癌上皮细胞系DU-145的条件培养液（condition medium,CM）培养的间质细胞,采用实时定量RT-PCR和Western 印迹法检测前列腺间质细胞（prostate stromal cells,PrSCs）中ERRα的表达,筛选CM中影响ERRα表达的活性因子．研究结果显示,BPH-1的CM可以上调ERRα的表达,而DU-145的CM对ERRα的表达没有影响;BPH-1中合成前列腺素E2 (prostaglandin E2, PGE2)的限速酶——环氧合酶2（cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2）的mRNA表达水平和PGE2的分泌水平明显高于DU-145中COX-2表达水平和PGE2分泌水平;用经添加COX-2抑制剂NS-398的培养液处理BPH-1,其CM中PGE2的浓度明显下降,并失去了对ERRα表达的上调作用;添加PGE2可上调间质细胞中ERRα的表达．结果表明,BPH-1通过分泌PGE2促进间质细胞ERRa的表达,提示：在良性前列腺增生的发生和发展中,上皮细胞的旁分泌作用可促进间质细胞由ERRα介导的雌激素效应．     

脂肪来源干细胞通过Wnt/β-catenin通路调控前列腺增生上皮BPH-1细胞的增殖和凋亡

为了探讨脂肪来源干细胞对前列腺增生上皮BPH-1细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及分子机制,本研究从人体脂肪组织中分离脂肪来源干细胞并通过流式细胞术鉴定细胞表面标志物,将实验分为2组:对照组和脂肪来源干细胞共培养组。采用Transwell进行共培养,脂肪干细胞与前列腺增生上皮BPH-1细胞共培养组中两者比例为1:1,对照组中不含脂肪干细胞。CCK8检测前列腺增生上皮BPH-1细胞活力;羟脯氨酸法检测前列腺增生上皮细胞胶原合成能力;流式检测前列腺增生上皮细胞凋亡率;Western blotting检测前列腺增生上皮细胞Wnt3a、Bcl2和β-catenin蛋白表达水平。流式细胞仪检测结果,显示酶消化法能够从脂肪组织中分离出脂肪干细胞。人脂肪来源干细胞与前列腺增生上皮BPH-1细胞共培养能够显著抑制前列腺增生上皮BPH-1细胞的增殖能力,羟脯氨酸检测结果表明,脂肪干细胞能够显著抑制前列腺增生上皮BPH-1细胞胶原合成,流式检测结果显示脂肪干细胞能够显著促进前列腺增生上皮BPH-1细胞的凋亡,Western blotting检测显示脂肪干细胞能够显著抑制前列腺增生上皮BPH-1细胞Wnt3a、Bcl2和β-catenin蛋白表达。本研究的初步结论表明:脂肪来源干细胞通过抑制Wnt/β-catenin通路抑制前列腺增生上皮BPH-1细胞增殖。     

小细胞肺癌中转录因子E2F1调控的靶基因（英文）北大核心CSCD

本研究组前期研究结果表明,转录因子E2F1在大约95%的小细胞肺癌组织中表达上调,而且与其浸润、转移密切相关,但是E2F1在小细胞肺癌中调控的靶基因未见报道。本研究旨在探索E2F1在小细胞肺癌细胞株H1688中调控的靶基因。染色体免疫共沉淀联合测序(chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing,Ch IP-seq)结果显示,在小细胞肺癌H1688细胞中,E2F1能够调控5 326个靶基因的表达,其中4 700个是结构基因,626个基因编码长链非编码RNA。基因功能注释(gene ontology,GO)和基因富集图谱(enrichment map)分析显示,E2F1调控的靶基因功能主要集中在3个方面:细胞周期调控、染色体和组蛋白修饰以及蛋白转运。MEME4.7.0软件分析显示,E2F1通过结合6个序列调控相关靶基因和长链非编码序列的表达。以上结果阐明了E2F1在小细胞肺癌中调控的靶基因,为进一步研究E2F1在小细胞肺癌发生、发展、浸润与转移、复发和耐药中的作用提供了实验依据。     

小细胞肺癌中转录因子E2F1调控的靶基因（英文）

本研究组前期研究结果表明,转录因子E2F1在大约95%的小细胞肺癌组织中表达上调,而且与其浸润、转移密切相关,但是E2F1在小细胞肺癌中调控的靶基因未见报道。本研究旨在探索E2F1在小细胞肺癌细胞株H1688中调控的靶基因。染色体免疫共沉淀联合测序(chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing,Ch IP-seq)结果显示,在小细胞肺癌H1688细胞中,E2F1能够调控5 326个靶基因的表达,其中4 700个是结构基因,626个基因编码长链非编码RNA。基因功能注释(gene ontology,GO)和基因富集图谱(enrichment map)分析显示,E2F1调控的靶基因功能主要集中在3个方面:细胞周期调控、染色体和组蛋白修饰以及蛋白转运。MEME4.7.0软件分析显示,E2F1通过结合6个序列调控相关靶基因和长链非编码序列的表达。以上结果阐明了E2F1在小细胞肺癌中调控的靶基因,为进一步研究E2F1在小细胞肺癌发生、发展、浸润与转移、复发和耐药中的作用提供了实验依据。     

转录因子E2F1抑制CREG表达调控体外培养的人血管平滑肌细胞分化

为探讨转录因子E2F1在血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs)表型转化中的作用及其对E1A激活基因阻遏子(cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes,CREG)表达调控的分子机制,应用生物信息学方法,定位人CREG(hCREG)基因启动子并确定转录因子E2F1在hCREG启动子区的结合位点,PCR方法克隆并构建hCREG基因启动子绿色荧光报告基因载体,以hCREG启动子区E2F1结合位点为模板,化学合成E2F1寡聚脱氧核苷酸(ODN)和错配E2F1ODN,利用转录因子"诱骗(Decoy)"策略,用E2F1ODN转染体外培养的VSMCs以阻断E2F1与hCREG基因启动子区的结合,蛋白质印迹(Western blot)分析检测阻断前后细胞内hCREG蛋白、报告基因绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)和平滑肌细胞分化标志蛋白SMα-actin表达变化.结果显示:分化表型HITASY细胞中E2F1表达下调伴出核转位,而增殖表型的HITASY细胞中E2F1蛋白表达明显增加且定位于核内.进一步应用FuGene6瞬时转染E2F1ODN和错配E2F1ODN于体外培养HITASY细胞中,蛋白质印迹分析发现,转染E2F1ODN后,HITASY细胞中hCREG、SMα-actin和GFP表达均较未阻断组及错配组细胞明显增加.上述研究结果证实,E2F1是hCREG基因转录的重要调控因子,能够直接结合于hCREG启动子区阻遏hCREG表达,参与hCREG蛋白对VSMCs表型转化的调控作用.     

细胞周期蛋白E2基因的过度表达与胃腺癌细胞迁徙的关系

从基因芯片筛选出差异表达的基因中一个细胞周期蛋白 (cyclin)E2基因 ,深入研究周期蛋白E2在高转移性胃腺癌细胞系RF 4 8细胞中的生物学作用 .首先通过合成硫代磷酸化修饰的反义、正义和错配寡核苷酸片段 ,使用半定量RT PCR和Western印迹方法分别检测被 3种寡核苷酸转染的RF 4 8细胞在 1～ 5d内周期蛋白E2基因及它可能调控下游靶基因之一FGFR基因和蛋白质的表达 ,检测寡核苷酸转染的RF 4 8细胞周期和凋亡细胞 ,观察寡核苷酸转染RF 4 8细胞的软琼脂集落形成、运动能力和体外侵袭能力 .结果表明 ,修饰的反义寡核苷酸在有效地抑制RF 4 8细胞中周期蛋白E2表达上调后 ,RF 4 8细胞的迁徙能力被显著降低 ,其增殖、运动能力没有变化 .周期蛋白E2基因的主要作用并不是促细胞分裂 ,也与细胞的增殖、运动能力无关 ,周期蛋白E2基因的过度表达与胃腺癌的迁徙性存在相关性 ,其触发肿瘤的侵袭性可能通过某种机制调控其下游靶基因之一成纤维细胞生长因子受体 (FGFR)基因的表达来实现的     

NOR1基因转染对肝癌细胞HepG2基因表达谱的影响

NOR1基因是一在正常组织中广泛表达且在肿瘤组织中表达下调的新基因.为进一步研究NOR1基因的功能和寻找其下游基因,利用脂质体技术将NOR1基因转染进HepG2细胞,采用cDNA微阵列技术分析其基因表达谱的改变.试验表明NOR1基因的转染能使Grb2,HBP17,TNFRSF11B等59个基因上调,同时也下调Bik,MAp2K6,ZFP95等103个基因.随后用实时荧光定量PCR对cDNA 微阵列结果中上述3个上调表达基因进行验证,结果表明,基因表达差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),荧光定量PCR结果与微阵列结果相符.这些结果提示,NOR1基因对肝癌HepG2细胞的生物学行为的影响可能与它对细胞信号转导,细胞周期调控,转录、翻译调控相关基因的表达影响有关.     

miR-24通过靶基因Sp1调控β-类珠蛋白表达

为了研究miR-24对于珠蛋白表达的调控作用,并明确其作用机制.首先采用定量PCR的方法确定miR-24在红系分化过程中的表达变化情况,以及miR-24过表达后珠蛋白的表达变化情况.进而通过报告基因实验以及Western blotting的方法确定miR-24的靶基因.通过表型回复实验证明miR-24是否通过靶基因调控珠蛋白的表达.结果发现在hemin诱导的K562细胞以及EPO诱导的造血干/祖细胞向红系分化过程中,miR-24表达上调,在K562细胞中过表达miR-24可以促进红系分化过程中ε-和γ-珠蛋白的表达上调,进一步的研究表明miR-24是通过靶基因Sp1来行使对珠蛋白的调控作用的.以上结果表明miR-24通过负调节其靶基因Sp1促进红系分化过程中珠蛋白的表达上调.     

固有免疫信号分子hsa-miR-146b调控脑卒中关联信号分子的生物信息学分析与实验研究

该研究旨在运用生物信息学方法预测固有免疫信号分子hsa-mi R-146b与脑卒中关联的分子调控网络。实验运用UCSC基因组浏览器、人类mi RNA疾病数据库、TF-mi RNA调控数据库、mi RNA靶基因预测验证数据库和Genecards数据库研究hsa-mi R-146b的上游转录因子、下游靶基因及信号通路的多个调控途径,绘制hsa-mi R-146b的核心调控网络图。采用脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)刺激慢病毒感染的小胶质细胞BV2细胞,采用实时定量PCR检测早期生长反应基因1(early growth response 1,EGR1)、Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)、mi R-146b、脑源性神经营养因子(brain derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)和基质金属蛋白酶9(matrix metalloproteinase 9,MMP9)的m RNA水平变化,对hsa-mi R-146b调控网络进行验证。UCSC数据库中显示,hsa-mi R-146b在多个物种中具有高度保守性。生物信息学分析显示,hsa-mi R-146b受转录因子EGR1调控的同时,又调控下游TLR4、BDNF和MMP9等39个靶基因。所有基因构成一个以hsa-mi R-146b为核心的调控网络,在脑卒中的发生与发展中起着重要作用。在LPS刺激的BV2细胞中,EGR1、TLR4、mi R-146b、BDNF和MMP9m RNA水平升高,而RNA慢病毒技术干扰小胶质细胞中的EGR1的表达后,TLR4、mi R-146b和MMP9 m RNA水平降低,BDNF升高,表明EGR1是调节mi R-146b表达和下游信号分子TLR4、BDNF和MMP9的关键信号分子。综上所述,生物信息学方法预测并初步验证了hsa-mi R-146b分子在脑卒中疾病中的调控网络,为深入阐明hsa-mi R-146b在脑卒中疾病中的机制奠定了实验基础。     

非典型E2F转录因子对细胞周期的调控及其功能

E2F家族转录因子是细胞周期调控网络中的重要环节之一,对细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡进行调节,并参与多种生理和病理过程。近年来,关于哺乳动物中E2F转录因子的生物学作用研究取得了很大进展,并鉴定出两个非典型的E2F家族成员：E2F7和E2F8。与典型的E2F转录因子相比,非典型E2F蛋白结构中含有两个相同的DNA结合域,对靶基因转录的调控不依赖于二聚化蛋白。非典型E2F蛋白进入细胞核后,通过与经典的E2F靶基因启动子结合,发挥转录抑制作用并调节细胞周期的进程,从而对细胞的大小、多倍化、增殖、分化和凋亡进行调控。随着基因敲除模型的建立和完善,使得进一步研究非典型E2F转录因子在不同组织或器官中的生物学作用成为可能。非典型E2F在胚胎发育、血管发生及造血系统中均发挥重要作用。另外,肿瘤细胞中典型E2F和非典型E2F的表达比例发生改变,说明非典型E2F成员还参与肿瘤的发生发展。该文综述了近年来关于非典型E2F转录因子的表达、调节及其生理病理作用的研究进展。     

Methyl-CpG-DNA binding proteins in human prostate cancer: expression of CXXC sequence containing MBD1 and repression of MBD2 and MeCP2

We analyzed gene expression of MBD1, MBD2, MBD3, MBD4, and MeCP2 and protein expression of MBD1, MBD2, and MeCP2 in prostate cancer cell lines, benign prostate epithelium (BPH-1) cell line, 49 BPH tissues, and 46 prostate cancer tissues. The results of this study demonstrate that MBD2 gene is expressed in all samples and MeCP2 gene is expressed in all cancer cell lines but not in BPH-1 cell line. However, there was no protein expression for MBD2 and MeCP2 in cancer cell lines and cancer tissues. For CXXC sequence containing MBD1, both protein and mRNA were expressed in cancer cell lines, cancer tissues, BPH-1 cell line, and BPH tissues. We observed that, in BPH tissues and low-grade cancer tissues, MBD1 protein expression was very high and gradually decreased with increase of cancer grade. Treatment of cancer cell lines with proteasome inhibitor (MG-132) did not restore expression of MBD2 and MeCP2 proteins. When prostate cancer cell lines were treated with hypomethylating agent, 5-aza-2(')-deoxycytidine (DNMT inhibitor), HDAC1 and HDAC2 expression was decreased. This is the first report demonstrating that CXXC sequence containing MBD1 is overexpressed and can be the major factor of hypermethylated chromatin segments through HDAC1/2 translocation and histone deacetylation in human prostate cancer.     

Histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase in human prostate cancer

CpG island hypermethylation and chromatin remodeling play important roles in repression of various genes during malignant transformation. We hypothesized that histone deacetylases (HDACs) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTase) are associated with prostate cancer and we examined the enzyme activity, gene, and protein expression of HDAC1 and DNMT1 in cell lines and tissues. We found that DNMTase and HDACs activities were two- to threefold higher in cell lines compared to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1) cell line. Treatment of cells with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine decreased the activity of HDAC and DNMTase. The mRNA expression of these genes in BPH-1 cells and BPH tissues was lower than that in prostate cancer cells and tissues. HDAC1 and DNMT1 protein expression was higher in prostate cancer compared to BPH. This is the first report to demonstrate that DNMT1 and HDAC1 levels are up-regulated in prostate cancer compared to BPH, suggesting their roles in inactivation of various genes, by DNA-methylation-induced chromatin-remodeling, in prostate cancer.     

The miR-223-3p/MAP1B axis aggravates TGF-β-induced proliferation and migration of BPH-1 cells

Uncontrolled proliferation and migration of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) epithelial cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of BPH. The regulatory roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in multiple human diseases have been observed. This study was dedicated to investigating the regulatory effects of the miR-223-3p on the proliferation and migration of BPH progress. In the present study, the aberrant upregulation of miR-223-3p in BPH samples and BPH-1 cells was determined. TGF-β stimulation induced miR-223-3p expression, promoted BPH-1 cell viability and DNA synthesis, inhibited BPH-1 cell apoptosis, and decreased pro-apoptotic Bax/caspase 3. These changes induced by TGF-β stimulation were further enhanced the overexpression of miR-223-3p and attenuated via the inhibition of miR-223-3p. Under TGF-β stimulation, the overexpression of miR-223-3p enhanced, whereas the inhibition of miR-223-3p inhibited the EMT and MAPK signaling pathways. By targeting the MAP1B 3’UTR, miR-223-3p repressed MAP1B expression. In contrast to miR-223-3p overexpression, MAP1B overexpression attenuated TGF-β-induced changes in BPH-1 cell phenotypes, pro-apoptotic Bax/caspase 3, and the EMT and MAPK signaling pathways; more importantly, MAP1B overexpression significantly attenuated the roles of miR-223-3p overexpression in BPH-1 cell phenotypes, pro-apoptotic Bax/caspase 3, and the EMT and MAPK signaling pathways under TGF-β stimulation. In conclusion, miR-223-3p aggravates the uncontrolled proliferation and migration of BPH-1 cells through targeting MAP1B. The EMT and MAPK signaling pathways might be involved.     

垂体瘤转化基因1(PTTG1)的表达变化对人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP生长增殖的影响

垂体肿瘤转化基因1(PTTG1)具有促进肿瘤生长和转移的作用.通过上调或下调基因表达的策略,观察PTTG1基因对人前列腺癌细胞株LNCaP细胞生长增殖的影响.利用PCR技术分离出PTTG1全长cDNA,分别正向和反向插入真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP,重组载体分别命名为正义PTTG1-S/pIRES2-EGFP(即pI-P-S)和反义PTTG1-AS/pIRES2-EGFP(即pI-P-AS),将这两种重组载体稳定转染LNCaP细胞,通过流式细胞仪和MTT法分别检测了细胞周期和细胞增殖的情况.转染正义PTTG1后处于S期和G2期的细胞明显增加,细胞生长增殖能力增强;相反,转染反义PTTG1后处于S期和G2期细胞明显减少,细胞生长增殖能力减弱(P<0.05).结果表明,PTTG1能明显改变人前列腺癌细胞株LNCaP的细胞周期和细胞生长增殖能力,它的异常表达可能参与前列腺癌细胞生长增殖过程.     

Establishment of a novel immortalized human prostatic epithelial cell line stably expressing androgen receptor and its application for the functional screening of androgen receptor modulators

In this study, we developed a human prostatic epithelial cell line BPH-1-AR stably expressing AR by lentiviral transduction. Characterization by immunoblot and RT-PCR showed that AR was stably expressed in all representative BPH-1-AR clones. Androgen treatment induced a secretory differentiation phenotype in BPH-1-AR cells but suppressed their cell proliferation. Treatments with AR agonists induced transactivation of a transfected PSA-gene promoter reporter in BPH-1-AR cells, whereas this transactivation was suppressed by an AR antagonist flutamide, indicating that the transduced AR in BPH-1-AR cells was functional. Finally, we utilized BPH-1-AR cells to evaluate the androgenic activities and growth effects of five newly developed non-steroidal compounds. Results showed that these compounds showed androgenic activities and growth-inhibitory effects on BPH-1-AR cells. Our results showed that BPH-1-AR cell line would be a valuable in vitro model for the study of androgen-regulated processes in prostatic epithelial cells and identification of compounds with AR-modulating activities.     

MIR663AHG as a competitive endogenous RNA regulating TGF-β-induced epithelial proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in benign prostate hyperplasia

Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is the most commonly seen disease among aging males. Transforming growth factor(TGF)-β-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and epithelial overproliferation might be central events in BPH etiology and pathophysiology. In the present study, long noncoding RNA MIR663AHG, miR-765, and FOXK1 formed a competing endogenous RNAs network, modulating TGF-β-mediated EMT and epithelial overproliferation in BPH-1 cells. miR-765 expression was downregulated in TGF-β-stimulated BPH-1 cells; miR-765 overexpression ameliorated TGF-β-mediated EMT and epithelial overproliferation in BPH-1 cells. MIR663AHG directly targeted miR-765 and negatively regulated miR-765; MIR663AHG knockdown also attenuated TGF-β-induced EMT and epithelial overproliferation in BPH-1 cells, whereas miR-765 inhibition attenuated MIR663AHG knockdown effects on TGF-β-stimulated BPH-1 cells. miR-765 directly targeted FOXK1 and negatively regulated FOXK1. FOXK1 knockdown attenuated TGF-β-induced EMT and epithelial overproliferation and promoted autophagy in BPH-1 cells, and partially attenuated miR-765 inhibition effects on TGF-β-stimulated BPH-1 cells. In conclusion, this study provides a MIR663AHG/miR-765/FOXK1 axis modulating TGF-β-induced epithelial proliferation and EMT, which might exert an underlying effect on BPH development and act as therapeutic targets for BPH treatment regimens.