人血小板生成素cDNA转导促进小鼠生长与胰岛素样生长因子相关

人血小板生成素 ( TPO)基因转导能刺激小鼠生长 .将编码人 TPO的真核表达质粒pc DNA3 h TPO、野生型 pc DNA3 或生理盐水注射小鼠后肢肌肉 ,称量小鼠的体重、器官重 .用半定量 ELISA检测 TPO转导小鼠血清中胰岛素样生长因子 ( IGF) - 、 和血小板源生长因子( PDGF)水平 .结果发现 ,TPO基因转导能促进小鼠的生长 .这种促生长作用与年龄和性别有关 ,但与动物的种系无关 .8～ 1 2周龄雌鼠在基因转导后 1周生长开始加快 .在第 1、2、3和 4周的升高幅度分别为 4.3%、5.3%、4.1 %和 4.38% ( P分别 <0 .0 0 5、0 .0 0 2、0 .0 1和 0 .0 1 ) .小于 4周龄的幼鼠、大于 1 6周的老龄鼠 ,以及雄性鼠在基因转导后体重无明显改变 .半定量 ELISA分析发现 ,体重增加的成年雌性鼠 ,其血清中 IGFs和 PDGF均升高 .基因转导鼠血液中葡萄糖、甘油三酯及碱性磷酸酶水平升高 .结果表明 ,一些生长因子 ,特别是 IGF- ,介导着 TPO对转基因动物的生长刺激作用 .     

人血小板生成素cDNA转导抑制小鼠移植肉瘤(S180)的生长

以小鼠肉瘤S180为模型 ,研究人血小板生成素 (TPO)在肿瘤基因治疗方面的价值 .在小鼠接种瘤细胞前 2周 ,或在接种肿瘤细胞同时 ,给小鼠注射 10 0 μgTPO表达质粒 (pcDNA3 hTPO) ,在 2周和 4周时肿瘤平均重量明显小于单纯质粒 (pcDNA3)注射和生理盐水对照组 (提前转导组P <0 0 5 ,同时转导组P >0 0 5 ) .当肿瘤移植量为 1× 10 6时 ,2周时肿瘤的重量依次分别为 1 75 6g、3 6 37g和 3 92 6g ;当肿瘤移植量为 1× 10 5,2周时肿瘤的重量依次分别为 0 5 76g、5 6 1g和 5 84g .在转导基因 2周时 ,移植 1× 10 5肿瘤细胞组有 4 10受试鼠完全未形成肿瘤或肿瘤的生长被中止在早期阶段 .流式细胞分析发现 ,TPO转导后 ,肉瘤内浸润淋巴细胞从以CD8+为主转变为以CD4 +或CD4 +CD8+为主 .不过 ,TPO转导对瘤细胞在体外的增殖无明显改变 .TPO转导鼠的血清对S180细胞在体外的生长速度也无影响 .推测T淋巴细胞参与了TPO基因转导所产生的抗肿瘤作用     

血小板生成素基因治疗血小板减少症的研究

血小板生成素 (TPO)有望成为特异性治疗血小板减少症的理想药物 .对TPOcDNA离体细胞表达和基因治疗血小板减少症进行了初步尝试 :构建了pcDNA3 TPO高表达质粒 ,基因转移离体细胞 ,检测表达产物rhTPO具有完整的生物学活性 ;pcDNA3 TPO分别注射正常小鼠和血小板减少症小鼠 ,小鼠血浆中检测到rhTPO的表达 ,并且正常小鼠血小板水平上升至 1 .9倍 ,血小板减少症小鼠血小板降低的幅度减小、恢复的速度加快并达到原来值的 1 .8～ 2 .0倍 .该结果为TPO基因治疗血小板减少症提供了实验依据 .     

TPO模拟肽与人IgG1 Fc片段的融合表达及其生物学特性研究

依据本室获得的人TPO模拟肽序列,合成了该模拟肽的DNA序列,分别连接至4种不同长度的人IgG1 Fc基因片段的5′端,并克隆至质粒表达载体pET28a( ),转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,筛选获得了4种重组工程菌,其中3种分别高效表达了3种不同长度的融合蛋白,而第4种工程菌未表达,表达的3种融合蛋白的分子量分别约为28kD,12kD和12kD。表达量约占菌体蛋白总量的30％左右,纯化获得了3种TPO模拟肽融合蛋白,3种融合蛋白均有较好的体外活性,维持TPO依赖细胞Ba/F3-mp1生长的EC50分别为：13,10,10nmol/L,用血小板减少症小鼠动物模型,测定了它们的体内活性,3种融合蛋白均有升高血小板和缩短血小板恢复时间的功能,分别比TPO模拟肽活性提高了18,8,8倍,而对白细胞及红细胞无显著影响,分别用3种融合蛋白免疫BALB／c小鼠,均未刺激小鼠产生抗TPO模拟肽抗体,并显示了较好的应用潜力。     

血小板生成素诱导胎肝CD34~ 造血干/祖细胞增殖分化与周期蛋白表达的关系

为了解胚胎时期巨核细胞增殖分化特有的内在机制 ,本研究观察了在体外培养体系中 ,胎肝源CD3 4 造血干 /祖细胞在血小板生成素 (thrombopoietin ,TPO)作用下增殖分化特征与相关周期蛋白B1、D1和D3表达及细胞内水平变化的关系。结果发现 :( 1)经 12d培养后 ,TPO使胎肝源CD3 4 细胞数从 1× 0 5个细胞 /ml增加到 13 12± 4 0 6× 10 5个细胞 /ml,CD4 1 细胞增加到了 95 % ,CD3 4 细胞下降到了 3 % ,大部分细胞的DNA倍性为 2N ,少数为 4N ,无大于 4N巨核细胞 ,TPO对MegaCultTm C胶原半固体培养体系中胎肝源CD3 4 细胞形成CFU Mk集落产率的影响呈明显的剂量效应关系 ;( 2 )在整个培养期间 ,周期蛋白B1表达逐渐增加 ,并保持在一个高水平上 ,培养后期 ,高水平的周期蛋白B1出现在G1期细胞上 ;( 3 )周期蛋白D1和D3表达先增加 ,培养后期细胞内水平下降 ,且以G2期细胞为主。该结果提示 :( 1)TPO通过上调周期蛋白B1和在所有细胞周期时限上调周期蛋白D1和D3表达 ,促进巨核细胞祖细胞的增殖分化 ;( 2 )周期蛋白B1在G2 M期的持续高水平和周期蛋白D1和D3在G2 M期的水平下降 ,可能导致胎肝源巨核细胞核内有丝分裂延迟或阻滞。     

N-糖基化移位对乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原中蛋白核酸疫苗的表达及免疫原性的影响

目的：研究N-糖基化移位对乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原中蛋白核酸疫苗体外蛋白表达及小鼠体内体液免疫及细胞免疫应答的影响。方法：通过基因工程中定点突变技术,将乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原中蛋白（MHBs）中第4位氨基酸上连接的糖链去除,或将糖链依次移位至第5、6或7位氨基酸,来构建N-糖基化去除及移位的核酸疫苗,分别命名为Adr—dN4、Adr-N4—5、Adr—N4．6、Adr—N4．7。用上述核酸疫苗与野生型MHBs核酸疫苗（pSW3891／MHBs／Adr,简称Adr）及空载体质粒pSW3891分别用脂质体瞬时转染293T细胞,应用蛋白印迹法检测MHBs的表达。采用肌肉注射法,以各组疫苗分别对BALB／c小鼠于第0、2、4和6周进行免疫．用ELISA法检测小鼠血清中抗．HBs抗体、ELISPOT法检测小鼠表面抗原多肽特异性分泌IFN-T的脾细胞数量。结果：蛋白印迹法结果显示Adr、Adr-dN4、Adr—N4．5、Adr—N4—6、Adr-N4—7体外转染293T细胞后,均可以在293T细胞内表达,且Adr、Adr-N4—5、Adr-N4—7可将表达产物分泌到细胞外。ELISA及EISPOT结果表明：Adr免疫组小鼠抗-HBs终点滴度及表面抗原特异性分泌IFN-γ的脾细胞数量,均略高于其他免疫组小鼠,但与Adr—N4—5、Adr．N4—7相比无统计学差异（P〉0．05）,与Adr-dN4和Adr—N4—6组相比有显著的统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论：在第5或7位氨基酸附加N-连接糖链,能修补或替代Asn4连接糖链引导MHBs分泌的功能。HBs表达蛋白分泌到细胞外对诱导机体产生特异性细胞和体液免疫是至关重要的。     

血小板生成素基因在NIH/3T3细胞中的表达与调控

应用 Tet- On基因表达系统 ,调控血小板生成素 (TPO)基因在 NIH/3T3细胞中的表达时间与水平 .籍脂质体介导的基因转移方法 ,p Tet- On质粒转染 NIH/3T3细胞株 ,得到稳定细胞株NIH/3T3- Tet- On.p TRE/TPO与 p TK- Hyg质粒共转染 NIH/3T3- Tet- On细胞株 ,得到双稳定细胞株 NIH/3T3- Tet- On- TPO.在培养基中加入或不加强力霉素 ,RT- PCR、Western印迹及 ELISA法检测培养上清 TPO表达 .结果表明 ,当培养基中不加强力霉素时 ,TPO无明显表达 (0 .1 μg/L) ;当培养基中加入 2 mg/L强力霉素时 ,TPO表达明显增高 (1 0 .8μg/L) .TPO表达水平与强力霉素浓度有关 ,随强力霉素浓度增高 ,TPO表达增加 .TPO表达水平还与强力霉素作用时间有关 ,加入强力霉素 6 h后 ,TPO表达明显增加 (1 .2μg/L) ,随培养时间延长 ,TPO表达增加 ,2 4 h达到峰值(1 0 .8μg/L) ,而且这种诱导作用是可逆的 .为进一步进行 TPO基因表达调控的体内研究奠定基础 ,有望为 TPO基因治疗提供一条可控的安全途径     

抗人内皮抑素单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞的制备及筛选

用亲和层析纯化的酵母表达重组人内皮抑素为抗原,经皮下多点注射免疫Balb/c小鼠,鼠抗血清效价达到1：10000,选免疫效果最好的小鼠,取其脾细胞用PEG法与同系骨髓瘤细胞（SP2／0）融合,通过间接ELISA法对杂交瘤细胞进行筛选,对阳性孔进行有限稀稀,经3次亚克隆获得4株阳性杂交瘤细胞。     

流感裂解疫苗H3N2-抗H3N2免疫原性复合物滴鼻诱导小鼠黏膜免疫应答的研究

目的研究流感裂解病毒疫苗抗原抗体复合物滴鼻诱生小鼠黏膜免疫应答.方法分别以15μg H3N2、H3N2-CpG、H3N2-鼠抗H3N2及H3N2-PEG滴鼻免疫小鼠,检测肺泡灌洗液抗H3N2 IgA、血清抗H3N2 IgG效价.取免疫小鼠脾细胞,体外抗原刺激,用定量酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测上清液IFN-γ及IL-4分泌水平.结果H3N2-抗H3N2免疫原性复合物诱生的抗H3N2 IgA效价明显高于H3N2单独免疫组(P＜0.01),而与H3N2-CpG组无显著性差异.此外,复合物诱生的血清抗H3N2也高于H3N2单独免疫组(P＜0.05).H3N2-CpG组诱生的IFN-γ水平明显升高,而其他组之间无明显差异.结论流感病毒血凝素抗原抗体复合物、血凝素抗原加CpG佐剂可以诱生较强的局部黏膜免疫和体液免疫.这两组诱生的IgA效价均明显高于H3N2单独免疫组.另外,H3N2-CpG组小鼠的脾脏细胞经特异性抗原诱导后培养上清液中的IFN-γ水平明显升高.     

豫医无毛小鼠分离近交系T细胞亚群和sIL-2R水平

为研究豫医无毛小鼠分离近交系细胞免疫功能,采用单抗致敏的红细胞花环法和双抗夹心ELISA法分别对2月龄、6月龄无毛小鼠及杂合子有毛小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群及可溶性白介素－2受体（sIL-2R)水平进行体外测定,结果表明,2月龄组无毛小鼠CD3、CD4、CD8阳性T细胞及CD4／CD8与有毛小鼠相比无显著性差异,sIL-2R水平无毛小鼠高于有毛小鼠,差异显著（P＜0．05）;6月龄组无毛小鼠与有毛小鼠相比,CD4无显著性差异,CD3、CD4／CD8高于有毛小鼠,CD8、sIL-2R低于有毛小鼠,差异显著（P＜0．05）。提示了豫医无毛小鼠分离近交系两种基因型小鼠细胞免疫功能有一定差异。     

A new human fusion partner,HK-128, for making human-human hybridomas producing monoclonal IgG antibodies

A hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine (HAT) sensitive human fusion partner cell line, HK-128 was established from a human plasmacytoma line, LICR-LON-HMy2 (HMy2). The HK-128 cells showed a 100% cloning efficiency. Fusion efficiency of HK-128 was so high that one hybridoma cell was produced by fusion of 10⁵ cells of HK-128 with lymphocytes, obtained from lymph nodes of breast cancer patients. About 90% of the resulted hybridomas were IgG producers. The remainder revealed IgM producing activity, which was lost by long term culture. This result indicates that the HK-128 cell line has an advantage for making hybridoma cells producing IgG. Among ca. 7,000 hybridomas obtained by fusion of HK-128 with lymphocytes of a breast cancer patient, we could establish a hybridoma cell line which produced IgG specifically reacting to a human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7.     

Morphological characterization of a human glioma cell l ine

A human malignant continuous cell line, named NG97, was recently established in our laboratory. This cell line has been serially subcultured over 100 times in standard culture media presenting no sign of cell senescence. The NG97 cell line has a doubling time of about 24 h. Immunocytochemical analysis of glial markers demonstrated that cells are positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S-100 protein, and negative for vimentin. Under phase-contrast microscope, cultures of NG97 showed cells with variable morphological features, such as small rounded cells, fusiform cells (fibroblastic-like cells), and dendritic-like cells. However, at confluence just small rounded and fusiform cells can be observed. At scanning electron microscopy (SEM) small rounded cells showed heterogeneous microextentions, including blebs and filopodia. Dendritic-like cells were flat and presented extensive prolongations, making several contacts with small rounded cells, while fusiform cells presented their surfaces dominated by microvilli.     

直接注射法制作ICR 小鼠肝癌原位移植瘤模型

目的:培养鼠肝癌H22细胞,直接注射法制作ICR小鼠肝癌原位移植瘤,为后续实验奠定基础。方法:鼠肝癌H22细胞体外培养,将调整好的对数生长期的肝癌细胞直接注射小鼠肝脏,2周后解剖观察,并进行组织HE染色。结果:所有实验小鼠均可见肿瘤生长,HE染色示肝细胞肝癌。结论:直接注射法制作ICR小鼠肝癌原位移植瘤模型简便易行,值得推广应用。     

直接注射法制作ICR小鼠肝癌原位移植瘤模型

目的：培养鼠肝癌H22细胞,直接注射法制作ICR小鼠肝癌原位移植瘤,为后续实验奠定基础。方法：鼠肝癌H22细胞体外培养,将调整好的对数生长期的肝癌细胞直接注射小鼠肝脏,2周后解剖观察,并进行组织HE染色。结果：所有实验小鼠均可见肿瘤生长,HE染色示肝细胞肝癌。结论：直接注射法制作ICR小鼠肝癌原位移植瘤模型简便易行,值得推广应用。     

In vitro culture of various typed meningiomas and characterization of a human malignant meningioma cell line (HKBMM)

We placed on culture the 13 cases of meningiomas, succeeded in making a primary culture of 10 cases and maintained 5 cases in vitro over considerable period of time (over three month), and one cell line derived from a malignant meningioma were established. In the early period of the primary culture, meningioma cells were spindle- or round-shaped cells. In the case of psammomatous type, the cultured cells were characterized as forming psammoma bodies. A cell line designated "HKBMM" was established from a human malignant meningioma occurred from frontal lobe. This line grew well without interruption for 5 years and was subcultivated over 120 times. The cells were spindle and fibrous in shape, and neoplastic and pleomorphic features, and multilayering without contact inhibition. The cells proliferated rapidly, and the population doubling time was about 29 hours. The chromosome number showed a wide distribution of aneuploidy. The mode was in the diploid range. The culture cells were easily transplanted into the subcutis of nude mice and produced the tumor resembling the original tumor.     

Possible role of cell cycle-dependent morphology, geometry, and mechanical properties in tumor cell metastasis.

Studies that examine the shear- and abrasion-sensitivity of proliferating cells are important in order to understand the behavior of hybridoma cells in bioreactor culture and metastasizing cancer cells in the bloodstream. Little is known about the link between morphology, structure, and mechanical properties of a given cell line, especially with respect to variations throughout the cell cycle. In our experiments with GAP A3 hybridoma cells, distinct cell morphologies were identified and correlated with phases of the cell cycle by video microscopic observation of synchronized cells, and of individual cells that were followed throughout their cell cycle. Micropipet manipulation was used to measure the geometrical (cell volume) and mechanical (apparent cell viscosity) properties of single cells. As the cell cycle progressed at 37 degrees C, an increase in cell volume from 1400 microns 3 to 5700 microns 3 was accompanied by an increase in apparent cell viscosity from 430 poise to 12,000 poise, consistent with an accumulation of more cytoplasmic material in the "older" cells. Hybridomas are representative of the various leukemias derived from hemopoietic cells, and even though as a whole, they appeared to be rather shear-insensitive, the wide range of property values demonstrates that a given cell line cannot be characterized by a single value for any one property, and that properties must be related to the cell cycle when considering proliferating cells. It is interesting to see if distinct stages in the metastatic sequence of events might correlate with any of these physical features of the cell cycle, irrespective of cell type or cell line. For example, the cytokinetic doublet could represent a fragile structure that may fail and produce cell death under fluid-shear conditions that would not affect the cells at any other stage in the cell cycle. Identifying such cell cycle-dependent features in metastasizing cancer cells could lead to a better understanding of the metastatic process and to possible clinical treatments directed at making cells more shear- and abrasion-sensitive, and therefore, more likely to be killed by the natural hydrodynamic forces of the circulatory system.     

Possible role of cell cycle-dependent morphology,geometry, and mechanical properties in tumor cell metastasis

Studies that examine the shear- and abrasion-sensitivity of proliferating cells are important in order to understand the behavior of hybridoma cells in bioreactor culture and metastasizing cancer cells in the bloodstream. Little is known about the link between morphology, structure, and mechanical properties of a given cell line, especially with respect to variations throughout the cell cycle. In our experiments with GAP A3 hybridoma cells, distinct cell morphologies were identified and correlated with phases of the cell cycle by video microscopic observation of synchronized cells, and of individual cells that were followed throughout their cell cycle. Micropipet manipulation was used to measure the geometrical (cell volume) and mechanical (apparent cell viscosity) properties of single cells. As the cell cycle progressed at 37°C, an increase in cell volume from 1400 μm³ to 5700 μm³ was accompanied by an increase in apparent cell viscosity from 430 poise to 12,000 poise, consistent with an accumulation of more cytoplasmic material in the “older” cells. Hybridomas are representative of the various leukemias derived from hemopoietic cells, and even though as a whole, they appeared to be rather shear-insensitive, the wide range of property values demonstrates that a given cell line cannot be characterized by a single value for any one property, and that properties must be related to the cell cycle when considering proliferating cells. It is interesting to see if distinct stages in the metastatic sequence of events might correlate with any of these physical features of the cell cycle, irrespective of cell type or cell line. For example, the cytokinetic doublet could represent a fragile structure that may fail and produce cell death under fluid-shear conditions that would not affect the cells at any other stage in the cell cycle. Identifying such cell cycle-dependent features in metastasizing cancer cells could lead to a better understanding of the metastatic process and to possible clinical treatments directed at making cells more shear- and abrasion-sensitive, and therefore, more likely to be killed by the natural hydrodynamic forces of the circulatory system.     

人喉癌细胞系Hep-2 中CD133 阳性肿瘤干细胞的分离及意义

目的:研究喉癌细胞系Hep-2中CD133的表达;比较CD133~+细胞、未分选细胞、CD133~-细胞的体外增殖、克隆形成能力及其在裸鼠体内的成瘤能力;探讨喉癌肝细胞对化疗药物顺铂(cisplatin,DDP)的抵抗作用。方法:采用流式细胞仪检测CD133在Hep-2细胞系中的表达;免疫磁珠分选技术纯化CD133阳性肿瘤细胞;使用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法和平板克隆形成实验检测分选所得各细胞亚群细胞以及未分选细胞的体外增殖能力和克隆形成能力;将CD133阳性肿瘤细胞和CD133阴性肿瘤细胞以一定的数量级注入重症联合免疫缺陷小鼠腹部皮下,比较其成瘤差异性;此外,使用DDP干预分选所得各细胞亚群细胞,检测比较CD133阳性肿瘤细胞和CD133阴性肿瘤细胞的体外增殖能力与体内成瘤能力。结果:流式细胞仪示CD133在Hep-2细胞系中呈微量恒定表达,表达概率为40.12±1.32%;CD133阳性肿瘤细胞的体外增殖能力显著强于CD133阴性肿瘤细胞的增殖能力(P0.05),且其克隆形成能力也强于CD133阴性肿瘤细胞;体内成瘤实验结果显示CD133阳性肿瘤细胞较CD133阴性细胞、未分选细胞在重症联合免疫缺陷小鼠体内具有更强的成瘤性(P0.05);在DDP的干预下,相对于CD133阴性肿瘤细胞,CD133阳性肿瘤细胞表现出更强的抵抗力。结论:喉癌Hep-2细胞系中,CD133阳性癌细胞具有强的体外增殖能力、体内成瘤能力且对化疗药物具有较强的抵抗性,可作为喉癌肿瘤干细胞的标志之一。     

Mechanism of cytolytic T lymphocyte killing of a low class I-expressing tumor

Many tumors have been shown to express minimal levels of class I MHC Ag, which makes them more resistant to recognition and lysis by cytolytic T lymphocytes. Line 1, a BALB/c spontaneous lung carcinoma, normally expresses very low levels of class I Ag, but expression can be increased 50-fold by treatment with agents such as DMSO or IFN-gamma. Because class I Ag serve as restricting elements for cytolytic T cell recognition of tumor Ag, we wished to determine if cytotoxic T lymphocytes could play a role in the immune response to this type of class I low, but inducible, tumor. After immunization in vivo and restimulation of splenic cells in vitro we were able to generate T cell clones that lysed line 1 cells induced to express high levels of class I, but did not lyse uninduced, low class I expressing line 1 cells in short term (6-h) 51Cr release assays. Paradoxically, incubation of the T cells with uninduced class I low line 1 cells for a few days resulted in complete destruction of the tumor cells. We demonstrate that the T cells, stimulated by the tumor cells, produce IFN-gamma, which in turn induces class I expression on the line 1 cells making them susceptible to lysis by the T cell clone. This suggests that a positive feedback reaction can occur in generating a response to this and perhaps other inducible tumor cell lines.