利用正交法确定测定意大利蜜蜂幼虫细胞色素P4500-脱乙基活性最佳反应条件

荧光分光光度法检测意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica Spinal细胞色素P450 O-脱乙基活性方便快捷、较灵敏,以7-乙氧基香豆素为底物.通过测定其产物7-羟基香豆素的荧光变化来确定细胞色素P450 O-脱乙基的活性.在利用荧光分光光度法检测意大利蜜蜂幼虫细胞色素P450 O-脱乙基活性过程...     

HSV-2 LAT ORF2在Vero细胞中的表达及对细胞的作用

旨在研究人单纯疱疹病毒2型(HSV-2)潜伏相关转录体(LAT)开放读码框2(ORF2)对体外培养的非洲绿猴肾细胞(Vero)形态和活性的作用。将构建好的带绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)标签的HSV-2LAT ORF2真核表达载体pEGFP-ORF2,转染vero细胞,荧光显微镜观测细胞形态的改变和MTT法进行活性分析。结果:显示,HSV-2LATORF2诱导细胞形态发生明显变化,绿色荧光蛋白在细胞的定位也发生了改变,细胞活性降低。由此证实,HSV-2LAT ORF2对细胞有损伤作用,为阐明HSV-2LATORF2的功能提供了资料。     

模拟微重力诱导的细胞微丝变化影响COL1A1启动子活性

细胞骨架系统是细胞内的重力感受系统。已知微重力导致的细胞形态、功能、信号传导等多种变化均与细胞骨架系统变化有关,但微重力对相关基因调控的影响知之甚少。本研究以构建的基因工程细胞株（EGFP-ROS）为对象,以回转器模拟微重力效应,利用增强型绿色荧光蛋白（enhanced green fluorescence protein,EGFP）荧光半定量和细胞微丝荧光染色分析技术,探讨回转模拟微重力条件下,细胞微丝系统对Ⅰ型胶原α1链基因（collagen type Ialpha chain 1 gene,COL1A1）启动子活性的影响。空间飞行和回转模拟微重力后,细胞微丝解聚、张力纤维减少,表明微重力可降低细胞微丝结构的有序性,诱导细胞骨架重排。适合剂量的细胞松弛素B处理EGFP-ROS细胞诱导微丝骨架解聚,同时导致COL1A1启动子活性增加,细胞荧光强度增强,并呈现剂量依赖性。因此,一定程度的细胞微丝系统破坏将导致COL1A1启动子活性的增强,证明细胞微丝骨架系统参与了微重力对COL1A1启动子活性调节,且在微重力信号传导中起重要作用。     

动态检测活细胞内泛素-蛋白酶体系统活性方法的建立

目的建立一种动态检测活细胞内泛素-蛋白酶体系统活性的方法。方法将表达绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）或红色荧光蛋白（DsRed2）的质粒分别改建为表达带有内泛素-蛋白酶体系统降解信号CL1的GFP或DsRed2的pGFP^u或pDsRed2质粒,然后转染HEK293细胞,通过G418筛选得到稳定表达GFP^u或DsRed2^u的细胞系。在蛋白酶体抑制N—Acetyl—Leu-Leu—Norleu—al（ALLN）处理GFP^u或DsRed2^u细胞后,应用免疫印记技术检测细胞内GFP或DsRed,含量的变化,应用荧光显微镜和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜技术观察GFP或DsRed,荧光强度的变化。结果ALLN处理能使GFP“和DsRed2^u细胞内GFP和DsRed。含量明显增加,荧光强度显著增强,并呈现明显的剂量／时间-效应关系。结论本文成功地建立了检测内泛素-蛋白酶体系统活性的方法,该方法能有效地对活细胞的内泛素-蛋白酶体系统活性进行实时动态检测。     

天麻食菌过程中蜜环菌活力的变化及几种酶的组织化学定位

应用吖啶橙活体染色法,借助于荧光显微镜观察了侵染天麻球茎的蜜环菌活力的变化。发现初染菌丝发射出具活力的绿色荧光,衰老菌丝为黄色荧光,而残缺菌丝及丛状体则发射出失活的橙红色荧光。用吖啶橙诱导荧光法及在 pH2.2的条件下以固绿染色的方法,证实了大型细胞内含有丰富的 RNA 和总蛋白质。酸性磷酸酶主要分布在含菌丝的皮层细胞、大型细胞除细胞壁外,细胞内只有较少的反应沉淀物。酯酶在含菌丝的皮层细胞内显示了非常明显的活性,而在大型细胞的丛状体及崩解核内也显示了明显的活性分布。ATP 酶,多酚氧化酶与过氧化物酶在含菌丝的皮层细胞及大型细胞内均显示了明显的活性。     

一种快捷可靠评价链霉菌噬菌体ФC31整合酶功能的双荧光报告系统

在NIH3T3细胞中构建了一种链霉菌噬菌体ФC31整合酶报告系统．该报告载体同时编码红色荧光蛋白和绿色荧光蛋白,与编码ФC31整合酶的载体共转染可以反映ФC31整合酶的活性．细胞中从红色荧光到绿色荧光的变化和百分比的变化可经流式细胞仪检出．随着转染中ФC31整合酶表达载体的比例升高,表达绿色荧光的细胞比例上升．ФC31整合酶表达载体和报告系统载体比例在10∶1时,可达最高约90%的红绿荧光转变率．这表明该ФC31整合酶报告系统提供了一种在细胞中快捷可靠的评价ФC31整合酶功能的方法．     

一种快捷可靠评价链霉菌噬菌体φC31整合酶功能的双荧光报告系统

在NIH3T3细胞中构建了一种链霉菌噬菌体φC31整合酶报告系统.该报告载体同时编码红色荧光蛋白和绿色荧光蛋白,与编码φC31整合酶的载体共转染可以反映φC31整合酶的活性.细胞中从红色荧光到绿色荧光的变化和百分比的变化可经流式细胞仪检出.随着转染中φC31整合酶表达载体的比例升高,表达绿色荧光的细胞比例上升.φbC31整合酶表达载体和报告系统载体比例在10:1时,可达最高约90%的红绿荧光转变率.这表明该φC31整合酶报告系统提供了一种在细胞中快捷可靠的评价φ31整合酶功能的方法.     

科技消息

以激光为光源的细胞荧光分析装置此装置以氦镉激光器(422nm)为光源,荧光显微镜与荧光光谱仪联用。在砷化镓光电倍增管前装有双光栅单色器,并与台式计算机相连。此种分析装置适用于细胞生物学的研究,可以定量定位的测出一个细胞或细胞中某一部位的荧光强度,如细胞核经Feulgen-Schiff染色后,用激光光源的荧光显微镜测定,其荧光强度要比以汞灯为光源的高10—100倍,大大提高了核酸检出灵敏度,因此,可精确地分析比较细胞间的或细胞各部位间的荧光强度变化,也可准确和快速地     

白皮松花粉发育过程中蛋白酶体活性及其分布的动态变化

蛋白酶体途径对花粉发育调控具有重要作用, 但花粉发育过程中蛋白酶体的分布及其活性的动态变化一直未见报道。蛋白酶体荧光底物结合荧光分光光度计分析表明, 蛋白酶体的活性从单核小孢子到具有2个原叶细胞的三细胞花粉逐渐增强, 而在成熟花粉中略有下降。免疫荧光标记结合共聚焦显微镜分析表明, 蛋白酶体不均匀地分布于细胞质和细胞核中, 并在花粉细胞不均等分裂过程中聚集分布于先后产生的2个原叶细胞内。总之, 蛋白酶体的活性及其分布在花粉发育过程中存在相关的时空动态变化, 表明裸子植物花粉中的蛋白酶体活性及其分布与花粉发育具有相关性, 并在原叶细胞的退化过程中起重要作用。     

艰难梭菌毒素A 对胆管癌细胞株FRH-0201 增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:研究艰难梭菌毒素A(TcdA)对人胆管癌细胞株FRH-0201细胞凋亡影响及作用机制。方法:采用MTT法检测细胞增殖抑制率,荧光染色检测TcdA作用后细胞形态学变化,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,免疫细胞化学法检测Bcl-2表达水平,Caspase3活性检测试剂盒检测Caspase-3的活性。结果:TcdA能抑制胆管癌细胞株FRH-0201细胞增殖且呈时间、剂量依赖性,荧光染色和流式细胞仪检测到细胞凋亡,与对照组相比,TcdA作用后Bcl-2蛋白表达下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Caspase-3活性增强,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:TcdA可以通过下调Bcl-2蛋白表达表达,激活Caspase-3而诱导FRH-0201细胞凋亡。     

Recognition-dependent signaling events in response to apoptotic targets inhibit epithelial cell viability by multiple mechanisms: implications for non-immune tissue homeostasis

Apoptosis allows for the removal of damaged, aged, and/or excess cells without harm to surrounding tissue. To accomplish this, cells undergoing apoptosis acquire new activities that enable them to modulate the fate and function of nearby cells. We have shown that receptor-mediated recognition of apoptotic versus necrotic target cells by viable kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) modulates the activity of several signaling pathways critically involved in regulation of proliferation and survival. Generally, apoptotic and necrotic targets have opposite effects with apoptotic targets inhibiting and necrotic targets stimulating the activity of these pathways. Here we explore the consequences of these signaling differences. We show that recognition of apoptotic targets induces a profound decrease in PTEC viability through increased responder cell death and decreased proliferation. In contrast, necrotic targets promote viability through decreased death and increased proliferation. Both target types mediate their effects through a network of Akt-dependent and -independent events. Apoptotic targets modulate Akt-dependent viability in part through a reduction in cellular β-catenin and decreased inactivation of Bad. In contrast, Akt-independent modulation of viability occurs through activation of caspase-8, suggesting that death receptor-dependent pathways are involved. Apoptotic targets also activate p38, which partially protects responders from target-induced death. The response of epithelial cells varies depending on their tissue origin. Some cell lines, like PTEC, demonstrate decreased viability, whereas others (e.g. breast-derived) show increased viability. By acting as sentinels of environmental change, apoptotic targets allow neighboring cells, especially non-migratory epithelial cells, to monitor and potentially adapt to local stresses.     

Activation of pannexin-1 mediates triglyceride-induced macrophage cell death

The accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) in macrophages induces cell death, a risk factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We had previously reported that TG-induced macrophage death is triggered by caspase-1 and -2, therefore we investigated the mechanism underlying this phenomenon. We found that potassium efflux is increased in TG-treated THP-1 macrophages and that the inhibition of potassium efflux blocks TG-induced cell death as well as caspase-1 and -2 activation. Furthermore, reducing ATP concentration (known to induce potassium efflux), restored cell viability and caspase-1 and -2 activity. The activation of pannexin-1 (a channel that releases ATP), was increased after TG treatment in THP-1 macrophages. Inhibition of pannexin-1 activity using its inhibitor, probenecid, recovered cell viability and blocked the activation of caspase-1 and -2 in TG-treated macrophages. These results suggest that TG-induced THP-1 macrophage cell death is induced via pannexin-1 activation, which increases extracellular ATP, leading to an increase in potassium efflux.     

HL-60分化细胞表面标志、活性及其对肺炎链球菌调理吞噬杀菌能力的动态变化

目的分析HL-60分化细胞的表面标志、活性及其对肺炎球菌调理吞噬杀菌能力的动态变化。方法以流式细胞仪连续监测分化1～7 d的HL-60细胞表面标志CD11b、CD35和CD71的表达以及活细胞、凋亡细胞和死亡细胞的比例,同时用09CS、QC2、B、C和F 5份质控血清以调理吞噬杀菌试验检测肺炎链球菌血清型6B、7F、14和23F的杀菌滴度。结果分化3～6 d的HL-60细胞表面标志、活细胞比例可达到实验室要求,5份质控血清的调理吞噬杀菌滴度稳定而且在质控范围之内。结论分化3～6 d的HL-60细胞可以用于评价肺炎链球菌疫苗免疫血清的调理吞噬杀菌试验,为调理吞噬杀菌试验的建立和标准化提供了依据。     

Elicitor-induced cell death and phytoalexin synthesis in Daucus carota L.

Suspension-cultured carrot cells and intact leaves respond to crude and purified protein elicitors from the non-host fungus Pythium aphanidermatum by activating the general phenylpropanoid pathway and incorporating de-novo-synthesized 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) into the cell wall. The cultured cells undergo a very rapid elicitor-induced cell death. Both reactions are directly correlated in their time course and their dose dependency. Cell death in elicitor-treated protoplasts resulted in early membrane damage and the digestion of DNA into oligonucleosomal fragments. The same pattern of DNA degradation could be induced in protoplasts by the G-protein activators Mas-7 or mastoparan. In cell cultures, both activators induced a rapid loss of viability without the activation of the general phenylpropanoid pathway. The elicitor-induced reactions, the loss of viability and the induction of 4-HBA biosynthesis were blocked by the calcium-channel blocker nifedipine. Neomycin and U73122, two inhibitors of phospholipase C, blocked the induction of 4-HBA biosynthesis but did not affect the loss in viability. The injection of the elicitor into the leaves of intact carrot plants confirmed the results obtained with cell cultures with regard to the induction of the hypersensitive response. The purification of the active compound revealed a 25-kDa protein which triggers both cell death and 4-HBA synthesis. The signalling pathways to both reactions could be independently blocked or induced. Received: 27 February 1998 / Accepted: 25 May 1998     

Effect of the water extracts of propolis on stimulation and inhibition of different cells

The water extracts of propolis (WEP) could inhibit growth of different cell lines namely McCoy, HeLa, SP2/0, HEp-2, and BHK21 and stimulate growth of normal cell named human lymphocyte, rat kidney, rat liver, and rat spleen. In these experiments 1 and 2 mg of WEP were added to 1 ml RPMI media with 5% FCS. Cell counts and cell viability of propolis-treated and propolis-free cells were assessed by Trypan blue dye exclusion test and MTT assay. The results showed that in case of McCoy, HeLa, SP20, HEp-2, and BHK21 cell lines, the water extracts of propolis could inhibit cell growth as well as reduction on size of the cells. In contrast the same amount of WEP could stimulate growth of normal cells up to 60% with the same concentration used for cell lines. Thus our study indicates that although WEP consists only of the soluble part of propolis, it enables to inhibit different cell lines and increase growth of normal cells. This indicates also that WEP contains the specific compounds with bioactivity against cell lines. Although propolis contain different number of compounds it is clear that WEP has enough biological compounds useful for the treatment of some diseases, medical and related applications.     

胃癌AGS细胞内pH值的测定及酸性环境对其增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:测定胃癌AGS细胞内pH(intracellular pH,pHi),探讨细胞外酸性环境对AGS细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法:采用离子成像分析系统测定AGS细胞的pHi,MTT及流式细胞术分别检测培养环境pH值为6.0时AGS细胞的活力、细胞周期和凋亡。结果:AGS细胞内pH明显碱化,在pH值为6.0的酸性环境培养时,细胞活力在12小时内明显抑制,细胞停滞在S和G2/M期,细胞凋亡不明显。结论:胃癌细胞AGS明显碱化,pH值为6.0的酸性环境使细胞数量减少和活力下降,其机制是使细胞出现增殖抑制而与凋亡无关。     

Enhanced cell viability and cell adhesion using low conductivity medium for negative dielectrophoretic cell patterning

Negative dielectrophoretic (n-DEP) cell manipulation is an efficient way to pattern human liver cells on micro-electrode arrays. Maintaining cell viability is an important objective for this approach. This study investigates the effect of low conductivity medium and the optimally designed microchip on cell viability and cell adhesion. To explore the influence of conductivity on cell viability and cell adhesion, we have used earlier reported dielectrophoresis (DEP) buffer with a conductivity of 10.2 mS/m and three formulated media with conductivity of 9.02 (M1), 8.14 (M2), 9.55 (M3) mS/m. The earlier reported isotonic sucrose/dextrose buffer (DEP buffer) used for DEP manipulation has the drawback of poor cell adhesion and cell viability. A microchip prototype with well-defined positioning of titanium electrode arrays was designed and fabricated on a glass substrate. The gap between the radial electrodes was accurately determined to achieve good cell patterning performance. Parameters such as dimension of positioning electrode, amplitude, and frequency of voltage signal were investigated to optimize the performance of the microchip.     

青枯菌HPLC分析中样品制备方法的优化

本文研究了青枯菌细胞的制备方法对细胞生命活力和表面特性的影响。结果表明,在高效离子交换色谱分析（HPLC）中,采用5000×g离心10min收集菌体细胞、超纯水（＞16MΩ）悬浮和洗涤青枯菌、重复洗涤二次的制备方法,既可以避免培养基成分造成的干扰,又可以保持青枯菌细胞的生命活力和细胞表面的原有性质。     

Survival and proliferation of rat gonocytes in vitro

Quiescent gonocytes were isolated from fetal testes of rat 18-day post coitum and cultured alone or on monolayers of somatic cells from different origins. The gonocytes specifically adhered to Sertoli cells, isolated from 21 to 23-day-old rat testes; this adherence was necessary for their survival in vitro. Addition of follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone to these cultures did not increase the viability of the gonocytes. Serum was found to be deleterious to the germ cells. Electron-microscopic examination of Sertoli-cell-gonocyte co-cultures revealed the presence of numerous adhesion plaques between these cells, indicating that Sertoli cells and gonocytes are able to communicate in vitro. Gonocytes, in co-culture with Sertoli cells, were viable for at least 9 days. The gonocytes did not spontaneously resume proliferation. The simple culture system described in the present paper should be useful in studying the nature of the factors that are responsible for sending the quiescent gonocytes into the cell cylce and for stimulating the formation of A spermatogonia, a process characterizing the start of spermatogenesis.     

Distinct Regulation of Cytoplasmic Calcium Signals and Cell Death Pathways by Different Plasma Membrane Calcium ATPase Isoforms in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells

Plasma membrane calcium ATPases (PMCAs) actively extrude Ca(2+) from the cell and are essential components in maintaining intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. There are four PMCA isoforms (PMCA1-4), and alternative splicing of the PMCA genes creates a suite of calcium efflux pumps. The role of these different PMCA isoforms in the control of calcium-regulated cell death pathways and the significance of the expression of multiple isoforms of PMCA in the same cell type are not well understood. In these studies, we assessed the impact of PMCA1 and PMCA4 silencing on cytoplasmic free Ca(2+) signals and cell viability in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The PMCA1 isoform was the predominant regulator of global Ca(2+) signals in MDA-MB-231 cells. PMCA4 played only a minor role in the regulation of bulk cytosolic Ca(2+), which was more evident at higher Ca(2+) loads. Although PMCA1 or PMCA4 knockdown alone had no effect on MDA-MB-231 cell viability, silencing of these isoforms had distinct consequences on caspase-independent (ionomycin) and -dependent (ABT-263) cell death. PMCA1 knockdown augmented necrosis mediated by the Ca(2+) ionophore ionomycin, whereas apoptosis mediated by the Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-263 was enhanced by PMCA4 silencing. PMCA4 silencing was also associated with an inhibition of NFκB nuclear translocation, and an NFκB inhibitor phenocopied the effects of PMCA4 silencing in promoting ABT-263-induced cell death. This study demonstrates distinct roles for PMCA1 and PMCA4 in the regulation of calcium signaling and cell death pathways despite the widespread distribution of these two isoforms. The targeting of some PMCA isoforms may enhance the effectiveness of therapies that act through the promotion of cell death pathways in cancer cells.