青霉素对水稻老化种子发芽的影响(简报)

人工老化的水稻种子经青霉素处理后,发芽率受影响不大,但发芽指数、活力指数、SOD和过氧化氢酶活性有提高,种子浸泡液的电导率下降。     

杂交水稻和不育系种子的劣变与生理生化变化

杂交水稻和不育系种子在人工加速老化处理后,其发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均比常规水稻种子下降迅速。在人工老化过程中,前者种子浸泡液的外渗氨基酸和钾离子含量均比后者高,游离的有机酸、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量增加的速度相似,均大于常规水稻种子。蛋白酶活性和可溶性蛋白质含量的增减,在易发生劣变种子与常规水稻种子之间均有显著差异。     

不同贮藏条件和发芽方法对羊草种子萌发的影响

贮藏条件(温度、水分和贮藏介质)和发芽方法(发芽床种类×播种方法)是影响羊草种子萌发的重要因素.研究了4种贮藏条件(4 ℃低温干贮、自然室温干贮和非盐碱土低温湿贮、盐碱土低温湿贮)、3种发芽床(滤纸、非盐碱土与盐碱土)和2种播种方法(表面与内部播种)对羊草种子发芽率的影响.结果表明,与室温干贮相比,低温干贮可以提高羊草种子的发芽速率和整齐度,但对最终发芽率没有显著影响.盐碱土低温湿贮显著降低羊草种子发芽率(28.8%);非盐碱土低温湿贮可显著提高羊草种子的发芽率(73.7%).6种组合发芽方法的发芽率大小和顺序依次为：非盐碱土表发芽法(89.3%)>纸间发芽法(68.0%)>纸上发芽法(64.0%)>非盐碱土内发芽法(61.3%)>盐碱土表发芽法(25.6%)>盐碱土内发芽法(6.0%).     

窄叶野碗豆种子的休眠与发芽特性

以青藏高原野豌豆属窄叶野碗豆(Vicia angustifolia)种子为材料,就其休眠类型、发芽对温度与水分的响应以及休眠破除方法进行了研究。结果显示:(1)窄叶野碗豆新鲜种子具有复合休眠特性,而贮藏种子仅具有物理休眠特性。(2)与贮藏种子相比,新鲜种子的发芽温度范围变窄,高温显著抑制其种子的发芽,在25℃条件下新鲜种子的发芽率仅为4%,而贮藏种子可达90%以上。(3)新鲜种子发芽对水分的要求较高,在-0.4 MPa以及10℃、15℃、20℃条件下,新鲜种子的发芽率分别为85%、55%、8%,而贮藏种子的发芽率分别为95%、91%、89%。(4)氟啶酮(FL)和赤霉素(GA3)对贮藏种子的发芽与发芽速率均无明显作用,但可显著提高新鲜种子的发芽速率;与贮藏种子相比,新鲜种子的发芽对脱落酸(ABA)的抑制作用更为敏感;除高浓度多效唑(PA)显著抑制新鲜种子的发芽外,其他浓度的PA对新鲜种子与贮藏种子均无显著影响。研究表明,脱落酸可能是引致窄叶野豌豆种子生理休眠的主要原因;硫酸及切破种皮处理均可破除贮藏种的物理休眠,其中硫酸处理20min效果最好。     

新鲜蜂王浆促进植物的生长（简报）

自从 Hey 等人提出蜂王浆对人及动物机体的作用后,人们愈来愈多地发现了蜂王浆的生物学作用。蜂王浆在植物方面主要着重于植物组织培养方面的研究。意蜂王浆在菊花组织培养快速繁殖中可代替生长素和细胞分裂素。本文用新鲜中蜂王浆处理水稻种子和绿豆幼苗探讨其对种子发芽、幼苗生长的影响。     

旱生灌木岷谷木蓝种子的休眠与萌发特征

岷谷木蓝(Indigofera lenticellata)是横断山区干旱河谷广泛分布的豆科灌木.本文对其种子的休眠与萌发特征进行了研究.结果表明:岷谷木蓝种子具有物理休眠,其萌发困难的原因在于种皮的不透水性;种子的硬实比率高(85%),针刺种皮和沙摩处理能有效打破种子休眠,提高发芽率,其中沙摩7 h最为快速有效.岷谷木蓝种子发芽温度范围较广,10℃～30℃均可发芽,最适温度范围为20℃～30℃,低温不利于种子萌发.岷谷木蓝具有一定的抗旱性,在聚乙二醇6000(PEG)溶液模拟水分胁迫条件下,种子在25% PEG胁迫下仍能达到100%的发芽率,但水分胁迫对种子发芽有一定的延缓作用,发芽率和发芽速度降低,发芽周期和发芽准备期增长,发芽高峰期滞后.其中对于发芽能力检测的各项指标对水分胁迫的敏感性顺序为发芽指数>发芽势>发芽率.岷谷木蓝种子的发芽特征是对干旱河谷生存环境长期适应的结果.野外播种的适宜时间为4月初,并在播种前对种子进行7 h的沙摩处理.     

浓硫酸处理对海滨木槿10个家系种子萌发的影响

以海滨木槿10个家系种子为材料,采用浓硫酸不同时间(0、10、15和20 min)处理,测定种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数及萌发过程中相对吸水率、可溶性糖、淀粉和α-淀粉酶含量,研究浓硫酸处理对海滨木槿种子萌发的影响以及不同家系间种子萌发差异.结果表明:浓硫酸处理显著提高了海滨木槿种子的发芽率、发芽指数和发芽势,缩短了发芽时间.浓硫酸处理15 min后,种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数分别为95.7％、91.3％和13.28,萌发时间最短,效果最佳.海滨木槿不同家系间种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数差异显著,最高发芽指数(15.13)是最低发芽指数(7.15)的2.12倍,最高发芽势(98.0％)是最低发芽势(55.5％)的1.77倍.浓硫酸处理可加快海滨木槿种子萌发代谢生理生化进程.相对吸水率、可溶性糖和α-淀粉酶均呈单峰曲线变化(先升后降),在萌发初期达到最大值;淀粉含量与种子发芽指数呈显著负相关.     

温度、光照和盐分对外来植物黄顶菊种子萌发的影响

对黄顶菊(Flaveria bidentis)种子的表面形态进行了扫描电镜观察,并从温度、光照、NaCl胁迫及浸种等方面对黄顶菊种子萌发特性进行了探讨.结果表明:黄顶菊种子喜高温,35℃下种子萌发迅速,且发芽率、发芽指数及活力指数最高;光照对种子发芽率影响不大,但随光照时间延长,种子发芽高峰推迟且峰值下降,发芽指数和活力指数逐渐下降;随NaCI浓度升高,种子发芽高峰推迟日.峰值变小,发芽率也呈下降趋势,但低NaCl浓度(0.01 mol/L和0.05 moi/L)胁迫下种子发芽率仍保持在90%以上,且促进了种子发芽指数及活力指数提高及胚根的伸长,结合天津地区黄顶菊生境中土壤的含盐量的分析表明,黄顶菊具有相当强的耐盐性;浸种对种子发芽率和发芽指数影响也很大.因此,黄顶菊成为潜在入侵种与其种子极高的萌发率及耐受高温和盐碱等特性密切相关.     

光照和不同药剂浸种对龙葵种子发芽率的影响

为探索超富集植物龙葵种子的快速发芽方法,以滤纸为发芽基质,采用恒温培养箱及温室培养的方法,对龙葵种子进行不同浸种处理,探讨光照及不同浸种液对龙葵种子发芽的影响.结果表明: 光照条件是龙葵种子发芽的重要条件之一,光照条件下的发芽率约为无光照条件下发芽率的5倍(P<0.05);不同浸种液均能显著提高龙葵种子的发芽率,其中以双氧水的处理效果最好,发芽时间最短(P<0.05);浸种后不经清洗处理的龙葵种子发芽率约为浸种后再经清洗处理发芽率的2～3倍(P<0.05).     

菊科几种入侵和非入侵植物种子需光发芽特性差异

对入侵菊科植物(假苍耳、薇甘菊、紫茎泽兰、飞机草)以及非入侵菊科植物(扫帚梅、天人菊、金鸡菊、麦秆菊、翠菊、黑心菊)对比研究发现,入侵组种子往往是需光发芽,即有光条件下平均高出无光条件发芽率40%(P0.01),而非入侵组的需光发芽特性不明显,即有光和无光条件下种子发芽率差异不显著(P0.05)。以入侵植物假苍耳为例对其种子需光发芽的特性研究发现:红光有利于提高种子的萌发率(萌发率为62%),而蓝光起到相反的作用(萌发率37%);当以全光的25%照射种子时,最能够促进种子的萌发(萌发率59%),更高的光强抑制种子萌发(100%光强时,发芽率为21%)。适宜浓度水杨酸SA处理(0.01mmol/L)可以起到与光照类似的效果而促进种子萌发(提高30%发芽率),而PEG和低温处理对其不存在显著影响,说明这种需光发芽的机理可能与SA处理影响种子萌发存在一定的联系。研究证实了入侵和非入侵菊科植物之间确实存在需光发芽的差异,其生理生化差异及是否有利于入侵植物的快速入侵需深入研究。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.