用基因芯片检测DPYD等位基因在受试人群中的发生频率

二氢嘧啶脱氢酶基因（DPYD基因）所编码的二氢嘧啶脱氢酶（DPD酶）是氟化嘧啶类抗肿瘤药物代谢的主要限速酶,其活性存在显著的个体差异,并因此影响药物的疗效和毒副作用.大部分编码低/无活性酶的突变型等位基因是由于基因中的单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）造成的,检测这些SNPs是预测患者对药物的反应和实现个体化给药方案的基础.制备并优化了用于检测DPYD基因中6个已知SNPs所编码的等位基因（DPYD^*2,^*3,^*4,^*5,^*9,^*12）的基因芯片,建立了该芯片的基因分型标准.并利用该芯片检测了肿瘤患者（112例）、肾病患者（83例）和健康者（45例）中DPYD突变型等位基因的发生频率.在受试人群中,突变型等位基因DPYD^*5和DPYD^*9平均发生率分别为32.08%和11.25%,未发现DPYD^*2,^*3,^*4,^*12突变型等位基因.而且以上单碱基突变的发生率在肿瘤患者、肾病患者和健康者间以及男性、女性肿瘤患者间无显著性差异,表明其与疾病的发生或性别无显著性关联.对20例标本的基因分型结果采用直接测序法进行验证,19例基因芯片分型结果与直接测序法结果相一致.DPYD^*5、DPYD^*9突变型等位基因在受试人群中具有较高的发生率.利用基因芯片能够对其实现快速准确的检测.     

全基因组关联分析显示SOX6为影响腕部骨密度的候选基因

骨质疏松症是一种高度遗传且极易导致骨折的骨骼疾病, 它严重损害患者的生活质量. 因骨质疏松而导致的手腕骨折, 很大程度是由于手腕部位的骨量低. 本研究在1000个不相关的白人中采用Affymetix 500K芯片扫描了500000个SNPs, 运用全基因组关联分析(GWAS), 发现SOX6为影响手腕骨密度的一个新的基因, SOX6基因中rs11023787与手腕部骨密度关联, P值为9.00×10^-5. SOX6基因中, rs11023787 C等位基因携带者的手腕骨密度显著高于T等位基因携带者(C等位基因 vs. T等位基因携带者: 0.485 g/cm² vs. 0.462 g/cm²). 为进一步验证该结果, 在中国人群中检测了SOX6基因与骨密度的关联并发现, rs11023787与手腕骨密度显著关联(P=6.41×10^-3). 对GWAS与验证结果进行荟萃分析, 得到联合P值为5.20×10^-6, SOX6基因参与软骨形成过程. 本结果提示, SOX6基因是影响骨密度变异的重要基因.     

大鼠前脂细胞质膜Na+/H+交换同时参与细胞的增殖和分化

以原代培养的大鼠前脂细胞为模型 ,以 2′ ,7′ bis ( 2 carboxyethyl) 5 ( 6 ) carboxyfluorescein (BCECF)作为检测胞内pH(pHi)的荧光探针 ,测定不同生长因子刺激下胞内pH的变化 ,证明大鼠肾周前脂细胞质膜存在Na⁺/H⁺交换活性 ,胎牛血清(FCS)能快速激活Na⁺/H⁺交换 ,导致pHi升高 (约 0 .2pH单位 ) ,并引起DNA合成 .Ethyl isopropyl amiloride (EIPA)抑制Na⁺/H⁺交换与DNA合成 .在无血清条件下 ,胰岛素不刺激DNA合成但引起细胞分化 ,表现为胞内脂滴积累和 3 磷酸 甘油脱氢酶(G₃ PDH酶 )活性增强 ,同时激活Na⁺/H⁺交换活性导致pHi升高 ;EIPA既抑制胰岛素对Na⁺/H⁺交换的激活 ,也抑制G₃ PDH酶活性增强 .结果证明 :Na⁺/H⁺交换的激活不仅与大鼠前脂细胞增殖相关 ,同时也是细胞分化的早期事件 .     

活化海绵镉微型柱层析法测定血清中一氧化氮

采用铜离子活化海绵镉微型柱层析法将血清中的硝酸盐(NO^-₃)还原为亚硝酸盐(NO^-₂),再通过Griess反应测定NO^-₃/NO^-₂总量以反应体内一氧化氮（NO）水平,从而建立血清NO间接测定新方法. 结果表明,在pH 9.7 时,活化海绵镉还原NO^-₃能力强、速度快、抗干扰性好,还原率为96.4%～100.0%,检测范围为0～400 μmol·L^-1,检测限为1.85 μmol·L^-1,相对标准偏差为2.56%～3.46%,对NO^-₃的回收率为96.4%～102.2%,对NO^-₂的回收率为95.2%～101.3%,对混合标准液的回收率为98.7%～104.4%.该方法具有简便快速、灵敏准确、样品和试剂用量小等优点,可在临床推广应用.     

新型MGB探针在沙眼衣原体实时PCR检测中的应用

为建立基于TaqMan-MGB探针的沙眼衣原体DNA荧光定量PCR检测方法,探讨其临床应用价值,用 PCR法扩增沙眼衣原体隐蔽质粒pLVG440 2 464～2 980 nt段,并克隆入pMD18-T载体用作参比模板,设计一对引物和一个TaqMan-MGB探针,优化反应条件,建立沙眼衣原体DNA荧光定量PCR检测系统,并运用该系统同时应用连接酶链式反应(LCR)法对临床标本进行检测.结果显示所建立的沙眼衣原体DNA荧光定量PCR检测系统,最低检测限度为1 DNA拷贝每反应;在10⁰～10⁹ DNA拷贝每反应范围内,C_t值(每个反应管内的荧光信号达到设定的域值时所经历的循环数）和DNA拷贝数呈线性关系（r＞0.990）;对临床标本检测结果同LCR分析结果吻合率为100%.以上结果表明,所建立的基于TaqMan-MGB探针的沙眼衣原体DNA荧光定量PCR检测系统具有敏感性高、特异性强和线性检测范围广等特点,适用于对沙眼衣原体进行大规模筛选.     

用荧光分光光度法测定组织和血液中一氧化氮

利用NO^－₂对4-羟基香豆素的荧光增强效应,建立了生物样本中NO荧光分光度测定法,其检测浓度范围为2×10^-5～2×10^-8 mol/L,采用该方法检测了大鼠大脑皮层和海马组织、细菌脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的巨噬细胞培养上清和血清中NO含量.     

2.5次微分伏安法对生物样品中丙二醛的测定

以0.1mol/L NH₄Cl溶液为介质, 用2.5次微分伏安法测定了丙二醛, 线性范围为1.0×10^-6至1.0×10^-3 mol/L, 检测限达1.0×10^-7 mol/L. 并测定了细胞培养液介质中新生SD大鼠心室肌细胞样品中的丙二醛.     

35S标记重组植物钙调素的制备方法

利用³⁵S标记的氨基酸混合物喂养工程菌,成功地制备了³⁵S标记的拟南芥钙调素亚型2（³⁵S-ACaM2）,对其纯度、放射活度、电泳行为及其灵敏性等进行了检测.结果表明从工程菌中制备的³⁵S-ACaM2纯度高、放射活度高、Ca²⁺与EGTA存在时的电泳行为与未标记的ACaM2相同,可作为一种高灵敏性的探针用于检测钙调素结合蛋白.     

高等植物光系统Ⅱ中强光照射产生超氧阴离子自由基的ESR探索

利用自旋捕捉电子顺磁共振（ESR）的方法对从菠菜叶绿体中分离提纯的光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)颗粒产生O₂^-_·的机理进行了直接检测.通过对样品充氧、加入超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）抑制剂四氰乙烯（TCNE）以及原位光照检测ESR信号等手段，在PSⅡ中检测到O₂^-_·与DMPO加合物的特征ESR信号.而在没有SOD抑制剂的情况下，光照时PSⅡ中O₂^-_·与DMPO加合物浓度显著下降.进一步实验发现PSⅡ中O₂^-_·产率与氧分子浓度直接正相关.O₂^-_·产率还具有pH值依赖性，在pH值为6.0～6.5范围内，O₂^-_·产率最高，大于此范围时则呈显著下降趋势.而PSⅡ颗粒的Tris处理也将导致O₂^-_·产率的急剧减少.以上结果证实水裂解放氧十分活跃的PSⅡ也是高等植物叶绿体在光照下产生活性O₂^-_·的主要部位，通常大部分的O₂^-_·能被内源SOD清除，且O₂^-_·的生成与PSⅡ的电子传递活性密切相关.     

固相时间分辨荧光免疫螯合剂 BCPDA 的制备及其标记技术

报道了固相时间分辨荧光免疫螫合剂4,7-二氯磺基苯-1,10-菲罗啉-2,9-二羧酸(BCPDA)的制备方法,BCPDA 标记蛋白质及螫合 Eu³⁺方法,BCPDA-Eu³⁺标记物荧光光谱研究以及固相时间分辨荧光免疫分析法检测甲胎蛋白异质体(AFP-R-LCA)方法的建立.结果表明 BCPDA 能在温合条件下与蛋白质氨基结合并与 Eu³⁺螯合,BCPDA-Eu³⁺蛋白质标记物荧光特性、标记比度、生物结合活性与国外同类产品一致,所建立的检测 AFP-R-LCA 免疫分析法最小检测值0.6ng/ml,为提高我国非放射性同位素标记技术水平奠定了基础.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV