响应面法优化唐古特白刺种子总黄酮超声提取工艺

利用响应面法优化超声辅助提取唐古特白刺种子总黄酮的工艺。在单因素试验基础上筛选出乙醇浓度、超声时间、超声温度三个主要因素,并通过响应面分析得出最佳组合条件为:乙醇浓度66%,超声时间68min,超声温度42℃,在此最佳条件下实际测得总黄酮含量为1.20%,接近于模型预测值1.21%。试验结果表明,采用响应面法优化得到的工艺条件参数准确、可靠,具有实用价值。     

响应面优化超声辅助提取刺梨多糖工艺研究

探讨超声波作用下刺梨多糖提取的最佳工艺条件。在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面法对刺梨多糖提取工艺参数进行优化研究。响应面试验表明提取温度、超声功率、超声时间、液料比对响应值刺梨多糖提取率均有显著影响,优化得到超声辅助提取刺梨多糖最佳工艺条件为:超声时间30 min,超声功率120 W,液料比40m L/g,提取温度80℃,提取3次。在此条件下的刺梨多糖提取率可达2.18%,与模型预测值非常接近。     

响应面法优化超声提取苜蓿皂苷工艺条件

目的:利用响应面法对超声提取苜蓿皂苷的工艺条件进行了优化.方法:研究了超声波条件下影响提取的几个因素,包括超声时间、超声温度、超声功率、固液比等,并通过响应面法优化工艺条件.结论:根据中心组合设计原理采用四因子三水平的响应面分析法,通过对各因子显著性和交互作用的分析,得出了超声提取苜蓿皂苷的最佳工艺条件为:超声时间22min,超声温度43℃,超声功率403W,固液比1:51(g/ml),此时苜蓿皂苷的得率为4.53%.     

响应面法优化铁棒锤根中一种咪唑生物碱的超声提取工艺北大核心CSCD

采用响应面法优化铁棒锤根中一种咪唑生物碱Imidazole-2-Carboxylic acid butyl ester(ICABE)的超声提取工艺。在单因素试验基础上筛选出液料比、提取温度、提取时间三个主要因素,并通过响应面分析得到的最佳工艺条件为:液料比23 mL/g、提取温度58℃、提取时间51 min,在此条件下的理论提取率为0.081%,实际测得值为0.079%,两者较接近。验证试验表明,所得模型方程能较好地预测试验结果。     

响应面法优化铁棒锤根中一种咪唑生物碱的超声提取工艺

采用响应面法优化铁棒锤根中一种咪唑生物碱Imidazole-2-Carboxylic acid butyl ester(ICABE)的超声提取工艺。在单因素试验基础上筛选出液料比、提取温度、提取时间三个主要因素,并通过响应面分析得到的最佳工艺条件为:液料比23 mL/g、提取温度58℃、提取时间51 min,在此条件下的理论提取率为0.081%,实际测得值为0.079%,两者较接近。验证试验表明,所得模型方程能较好地预测试验结果。     

超声波辅助提取田基黄多酚类和黄酮类化合物及其抗氧化活性研究(英文)

采用超声技术从田基黄中提取活性物质。运用响应面法确定超声提取田基黄的最佳条件。运用单因素试验选取三个自变量。采用Box-Behnken设计评价这三个自变量对总黄酮和总多酚提取、DPPH和ABTS+活性清除的影响。通过方差分析显示,二次模型对反应的贡献率具有统计学意义。运用响应面法进行最优化研究,并用数学模型绘制出三维响应面。通过结合反应得出最佳试验条件:超声时间48.89 min,乙醇浓度63.72%,超声温度66.92℃。总黄酮值为105.06 mg RE/g DW,总多酚值为51.75 mg GAE/g DW,%DPPHsc为58.81%,%ABTSsc为64.99%。在最佳试验条件下,试验值与方差分析预测值一致。结果表明,采用四个模型和响应面法优化总黄酮和总多酚的提取、DPPH和ABTS+活性清除是切实可行的。     

响应面法优化超声辅助提取太子参多糖工艺研究

本文探讨超声波作用下太子参多糖提取的最佳工艺条件。在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面法对太子参多糖提取工艺参数进行优化研究。响应面试验表明提取温度、提取时间和水料比对响应值多糖提取得率均有显著影响,优化得到太子参多糖超声提取最佳工艺条件为:提取温度为74℃;提取时间为65 min;水料比为26 mL/g;超声波功率100 W。在此条件下太子参多糖的提取得率为2.48%,与模型预测值非常接近。     

响应面法优化超声辅助提取贯众多酚工艺

利用响应面法优化贯众多酚的提取工艺。在单因素试验的基础上,选择超声时间、超声温度、料液比、乙醇浓度为自变量,贯众中多酚的提取率为响应值,进行Box-Benhnken中心组合实验设计,运用响应面法优化提取条件,得到最优提取条件如下:超声时间20 min,超声温度46℃,料液比1∶40,乙醇浓度35%,经验证,贯众中多酚的提取率为8.11660%,理论值为8.12986%,RSD为0.15%。该工艺高效、稳定,有一定的应用价值。     

基于指纹图谱的Box-Benhnken响应面法结合BP神经网络多指标优化黑胡椒提取工艺CSCD

基于中药指纹图谱技术,采用Box-Benhnken响应面法结合BP神经网络优化黑胡椒的提取工艺。将黑胡椒HPLC指纹图谱总峰面积标准化值、胡椒碱峰面积归一化值、指纹图谱相似度分别赋以权重,得到综合评价指标。在单因素试验的基础上,应用Box-Benhnken响应面法优化黑胡椒提取工艺,最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度90%、料液比1∶40(g/mL)、超声时间40 min。选取Box-Benhnken响应面法获得的综合评价指标进行BP神经网络训练、验证与预测,得到最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度100%、料液比1∶30(g/mL)、超声时间为40 min。三组黑胡椒最优提取工艺验证结果证明,BP神经网络的综合评价指标为0.895,优于Box-Benhnken响应面法的综合评价指标0.885。本研究基于中药指纹图谱技术,采用Box-Benhnken响应面法结合BP神经网络,可为黑胡椒提取工艺的优化提供新思路,获取最佳提取方案。     

响应面法优化香菇多糖的超声辅助提取工艺

为了开发利用香菇资源,采用超声辅助法提取香菇中的多糖,利用响应面法优化超声辅助提取法提取香菇多糖的工艺条件。首先进行单因素试验考察,在单因素试验的基础上,选择超声波功率、超声时间及料液比为自变量,以多糖得率为响应值,采用Box-Benhnken法设计3因素3水平响应面设计试验。结果表明,响应面模型与实际情况拟合良好,能较好地预测香菇多糖得率。最佳工艺:超声波功率300 W、超声波处理时间25 min、料液比1∶30,多糖得率25.71%,与理论值(25.55%)相比,相对误差较小,为0.63%。与传统热水浸提法比较,超声波提取法多糖得率较高,且耗时少,是理想的香菇多糖提取方法。     

Recovery of catechin compounds from Korean tea by solvent extraction

Catechin compounds from Korean green tea as potential sources of anticancer and antioxidant components were target materials in this work. The methodologies of solvent extraction and partition were utilized to recover catechin compounds from green tea. The optimum experimental condition was obtained by optimizing operating factors, such as, the extraction solvent, extraction time and operating temperature. After extracting the green tea with water at 80 degrees C for 40 min, the extract was partitioned with water/chloroform, which was best suited to remove caffeine impurity from the extract. Further, the resulting extract was partitioned water/ethyl acetate to deeply purify the catechin compounds of EGC, EC, EGCG and ECG. The experimental result in this work could be extended to preparative HPLC to obtain EGCG on commercial scale.     

Extraction behavior of caffeine and EGCG from green and black tea

A dipping method was developed to extract the catechins (EGCG) and alkaloids (caffeine) from green tea (Korea) and black tea (Sri Lanka). The effects of the solvent composition (water vs. ethanol), extraction time, temperatures, and solvent pH on the amount of catechins (EGCG) and alkaloids (caffeine) extracted from green and black tea were investigated. Reversedphase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used to analyze the catechins (EGCG) and alkaloids (caffeine) extracted. The content of EGCG and caffeine in green tea extracts was in the range of 2.04∼0.30 and 10.22∼0.85 mg/g, respectively. The amount of EGCG and caffeine in black tea extracts was in the range of 0.32∼0.24 and 5.26∼1.01 mg/g, respectively. The amount of caffeine extracted from green and black tea was greater than the amount of EGCG. Pure water is the best solvent for extracting EGCG and caffeine from green tea. The amount of caffeine extracted from green and black tea increased as the temperature, extraction time, and hydrogen ion concentration of the solvent increased. Although the amount of EGCG extracted from green tea increased as the temperature increased, the amount of EGCG extracted from black tea was not affected by temperature. The extraction of EGCG from both green and black tea was not affected by the hydrogen ion concentration of the solvent.     

Microwave‐assisted water extraction of green tea polyphenols

Introduction – Green tea, a popular drink with beneficial health properties, is a rich source of specific flavanols (polyphenols). There is a special interest in the water extraction of green tea polyphenols since the composition of the corresponding extracts is expected to reflect the one of green tea infusions consumed worldwide. Objective – To develop a microwave‐assisted water extraction (MWE) of green tea polyphenols. Methodology – MWE of green tea polyphenols has been investigated as an alternative to water extraction under conventional heating (CWE). The experimental conditions were selected after consideration of both temperature and extraction time. The efficiency and selectivity of the process were determined in terms of extraction time, total phenolic content, chemical composition (HPLC‐MS analysis) and antioxidant activity of the extracts. Results – By MWE (80°C, 30 min), the flavanol content of the extract reached 97.46 (± 0.08) mg of catechin equivalent/g of green tea extract, vs. only 83.06 (± 0.08) by CWE (80°C, 45 min). In particular, the concentration of the most bioactive flavanol EGCG was 77.14 (± 0.26) mg of catechin equivalent/g of green tea extract obtained by MWE, vs 64.18 (± 0.26) mg/g by CWE. Conclusion – MWE appears more efficient than CWE at both 80 and 100°C, particularly for the extraction of flavanols and hydroxycinnamic acids. Although MWE at 100°C typically affords higher yields in total phenols, MWE at 80°C appears more convenient for the extraction of the green tea‐specific and chemically sensitive flavanols. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Properties of ACE inhibitory peptide prepared from protein in green tea residue and evaluation of its anti-hypertensive activity

Green tea contains active ingredients which are beneficial for health. While numerous studies have been conducted on the components extracted from green tea, few studies have investigated the active ingredients in tea residue. In this study, proteins were extracted from green tea residue via an optimised alkaline extraction combined with enzymatic hydrolysis, of which, an acidic protease was selected to prepare an enzymatic hydrolysate because of its high angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. The composition characteristics of extracted green tea proteolysis products were elucidated, including amino acid composition, molecular weight distribution and possible amino acid sequences. In addition, the protein hydrolysate had anti-digestive properties, maintained its activity of inhibiting ACE enzyme at different temperatures, pH and metal ions, and exhibited antihypertensive activity in animals. In conclusion, the optimised alkaline extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of a ACE inhibitory peptide from green tea residue is an optimal extraction method to maintain its antihypertensive activity, providing the basis for the clinical application of green tea for blood pressure reduction.     

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of some branded tea: Optimization based on polyphenol content,antioxidant potential and thermodynamic study

Tea is one of the top beverages used around the world every day, which contains a high amount of polyphenols and antioxidants. The main aim of this research is to quantify some marketed black tea (Rabea, Lipton, Alkbous, Green gold and Haritham) for phenolic contents and antioxidant potential evaluation by ultrasound solvent extraction and was compared with conventional extraction. Ultrasonic extraction was optimized by considering frequencies (26 kHz, 40 kHz), temperature (30, 40 and 50 °C), and power (30, 40 and 50%) at a fixed time of 30 min. In both the ultrasonic frequencies, 40 °C temperature and 40% power combination exhibited highest cumulative yield (mg/100 g DW), total phenolic content (mg gallic acid/g DW), flavonoids (mg/g DW) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (%) in all branded tea. Within each brand of tea, at any temperature-power combination at particular frequency results were not significantly different. But, at a similar condition of temperature power results were found significantly different between two frequencies. Furthermore, ultrasonic extraction process was analyzed thermodynamically by selecting some basic parameters. Thermodynamics results showed the extraction process was feasible, spontaneous and irreversible. Also, 26 kHz ultrasonic probe is more appropriate for the extraction purpose and thermodynamically more acceptable as compared to 40 kHz ultrasonic bath. Moreover, Haritham was selected as the best tea brand due to its high polyphenol contents and antioxidant potential.     

Black tea,green tea,and tea polyphenols

Previous studies have shown that tea consumption can impair trace element metabolism, particularly iron status, and increase the risk of anemia in humans and animals. More recently, however, evidence has been accumulating to show that, in animals, consumption of green tea or its polyphenols is associated with a reduction of the incidence and severity of a variety of experimentally induced cancers. In this study we have monitored the growth, trace element status, including hematological parameters of weanling rats given either (1) water, (2) 1% black tea, (3) 1% green, tea, or (4) 0.2% crude green tea extract as their sole drinking fluid while consuming diets containing either adequate or low amounts of iron. With the exception of manaanese, none of the trace elements studied (iron, copper, zinc, and manganese) or the hematological indices measured were affected by the type of beverage supplied, even though the polyphenol extract was shown to chelate metals in vitro and all the animals fed the low iron diet were shown to be anemic. There appeared to be an effect of black and green teas on manganese balance in, both the first and last weeks of the study. A lower level of brain managanese was associated with green tea consumption, and a higher level of this element in the kidneys of animals fed black tea. The results demonstrate that both black and green teas and a green tea polyphenol extract do not represent a risk to animals consuming the beverages as their sole fluid intake with respect to iron availability, although the interactions with manganese deserve further study.     

Smoking, green tea consumption, genetic polymorphisms in the insulin-like growth factors and lung cancer risk

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are mediators of growth hormones; they have an influence on cell proliferation and differentiation. In addition, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 could suppress the mitogenic action of IGFs. Interestingly, tea polyphenols could substantially reduce IGF1 and increase IGFBP3. In this study, we evaluated the effects of smoking, green tea consumption, as well as IGF1, IGF2, and IGFBP3 polymorphisms, on lung cancer risk. Questionnaires were administered to obtain the subjects' characteristics, including smoking habits and green tea consumption from 170 primary lung cancer cases and 340 healthy controls. Genotypes for IGF1, IGF2, and IGFBP3 were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Lung cancer cases had a higher proportion of smoking, green tea consumption of less than one cup per day, exposure to cooking fumes, and family history of lung cancer than controls. After adjusting the confounding effect, an elevated risk was observed in smokers who never drank green tea, as compared to smokers who drank green tea more than one cup per day (odds ratio (OR) = 13.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.96-58.51). Interaction between smoking and green tea consumption on lung cancer risk was also observed. Among green tea drinkers who drank more than one cup per day, IGF1 (CA)(19)/(CA)(19) and (CA)(19)/X genotypes carriers had a significantly reduced risk of lung cancer (OR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.01-0.44) compared with IGF1 X/X carriers. Smoking-induced pulmonary carcinogenesis could be modulated by green tea consumption and their growth factor environment.     

Cross sectional study of effects of drinking green tea on cardiovascular and liver diseases.

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the association between consumption of green tea and various serum markers in a Japanese population, with special reference to preventive effects of green tea against cardiovascular disease and disorders of the liver. DESIGN--Cross sectional study. SETTING--Yoshimi, Japan. SUBJECTS--1371 men aged over 40 years resident in Yoshimi and surveyed on their living habits including daily consumption of green tea. Their peripheral blood samples were subjected to several biochemical assays. RESULTS--Increased consumption of green tea was associated with decreased serum concentrations of total cholesterol (P for trend < 0.001) and triglyceride (P for trend = 0.02) and an increased proportion of high density lipoprotein cholesterol together with a decreased proportion of low and very low lipoprotein cholesterols (P for trend = 0.02), which resulted in a decreased atherogenic index (P for trend = 0.02). Moreover, increased consumption of green tea, especially more than 10 cups a day, was related to decreased concentrations of hepatological markers in serum, aspartate aminotransferase (P for trend = 0.06), alanine transferase (P for trend = 0.07), and ferritin (P for trend = 0.02). CONCLUSION--The inverse association between consumption of green tea and various serum markers shows that green tea may act protectively against cardiovascular disease and disorders of the liver.     

Plasma and lipoprotein levels of tea catechins following repeated tea consumption

Epidemiological studies suggest that antioxidant flavonoids in tea may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, possibly via protection of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) against oxidation. However, the extent of absorption of tea flavonoids and their accumulation in LDL during regular consumption of tea is not clear. Therefore we investigated plasma and lipoprotein levels of catechins during tea consumption and the impact on LDL oxidizability ex vivo. Eighteen healthy adults consumed, in an incomplete balanced cross-over design, green tea, black tea, black tea with milk or water, one cup every 2 hr (eight cups/day) for three days. Blood samples were obtained in the mornings and evenings of each day. Plasma total catechin concentration was determined in all blood samples, and the distribution of catechins among lipoproteins was determined at the end of the third day (t = 60 hr). The resistance of LDL to copper-induced oxidation ex vivo was assessed before tea consumption and at t = 60 hr. Repeated tea consumption during the day rapidly increased plasma total catechin levels whereas they declined overnight when no tea was consumed. There was a gradual increase in plasma levels in the mornings (respectively, 0.08 microM vs. 0.20 microM on first and last day of black tea consumption) and evenings (respectively, 0.29 microM vs. 0.34 microM on first and last day of black tea consumption). Green tea catechins were mainly found in the protein-rich fraction of plasma (60%) and in high-density lipoproteins (23%). Although present in LDL, the concentration of catechins in LDL was not sufficient to enhance the resistance of LDL to oxidation ex vivo. Addition of milk to black tea did not affect any of the parameters measured. In conclusion, the present study shows that catechin levels in blood rapidly increase upon repeated tea consumption. The accumulation of catechins in LDL particles is not sufficient to improve the intrinsic resistance of LDL to oxidation ex vivo.     

Antimutagenic activity of green tea and black tea extracts studied in a dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal model

An in vitro gastrointestinal model, which simulates the conditions in the human digestive tract, was used to determine potential antimutagenic activity of extracts of black tea and green tea. In this paper, results are presented on the availability for absorption of potential antimutagenic compounds present in tea and on the influence of the food matrix on this activity. Between 60 and 180min after the tea was introduced into the model, antimutagenic activity was recovered from the jejunal compartment by means of dialysis: the dialysate appeared to inhibit the mutagenicity of the food mutagen MeIQx in the direct plate assay with Salmonella typhimurium (Ames test). The maximum inhibition was measured at 2h after the start of the experiment and was comparable for black tea and green tea extract. To determine the influence of food matrices on the antimutagenic activity of tea, the model was loaded with black tea together with milk or a homogenized standard breakfast. The maximum inhibition observed with black tea was reduced by 22, 42 and 78% in the presence of whole milk, semi-skimmed milk, and skimmed milk, respectively. Whole milk and skimmed milk abolished the antimutagenic activity of green tea by more than 90%; for semi-skimmed milk the inhibition was more than 60%. When a homogenized breakfast was added into the model together with the black tea extract, the antimutagenic activity was completely eliminated. When tea and MeIQx were added together into the digestion model, MeIQx mutagenicity was efficiently inhibited, with green tea showing a slightly stronger antimutagenic activity than black tea. In this case, the addition of milk had only a small inhibiting effect on the antimutagenicity.Antioxidant capacity and the concentration of catechins were also measured in the jejunal dialysates. The reduction in antimutagenic activity corresponded with reduction in antioxidant capacity and with a decrease of concentration of three catechins, viz. catechin, epigallocatechin gallate and epigallocatechin. The in vitro gastrointestinal model appears to be a useful tool to study the antimutagenicity of food components.