响应面分析法优化海马多糖提取工艺

[目的]对中药海马多糖的提取工艺进行优化。[方法]通过单因素试验研究水料比、提取温度、功率和时间对海马多糖得率的影响,在此基础上,采用Box-Behnken设计响应面实验,以海马多糖得率为响应值作响应面和等高线图,优化确定最佳工艺条件。[结果]海马多糖优化后的提取工艺条件:水料比8:1,温度50℃,功率60 W,时间40 min。[结论]优化后的最佳条件能提高海马多糖得率,在此条件下海马多糖平均得率为11.37%,该提取工艺稳定可行,实验测得值与预测值基本吻合。     

响应面分析法优化超声波辅助提取芦笋多糖工艺条件的研究

采用超声波辅助水提法提取芦笋多糖,并用响应面法进行工艺条件优化研究.结果表明芦笋多糖得率为4.298%,其最佳工艺条件为提取超声功率250 w,料液比为l:30(g:ml),超声温度为75℃,超声时间为60 min.     

响应面优化超声辅助提取刺梨多糖工艺研究

探讨超声波作用下刺梨多糖提取的最佳工艺条件。在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面法对刺梨多糖提取工艺参数进行优化研究。响应面试验表明提取温度、超声功率、超声时间、液料比对响应值刺梨多糖提取率均有显著影响,优化得到超声辅助提取刺梨多糖最佳工艺条件为:超声时间30 min,超声功率120 W,液料比40m L/g,提取温度80℃,提取3次。在此条件下的刺梨多糖提取率可达2.18%,与模型预测值非常接近。     

响应面法优化香菇多糖的超声辅助提取工艺

为了开发利用香菇资源,采用超声辅助法提取香菇中的多糖,利用响应面法优化超声辅助提取法提取香菇多糖的工艺条件。首先进行单因素试验考察,在单因素试验的基础上,选择超声波功率、超声时间及料液比为自变量,以多糖得率为响应值,采用Box-Benhnken法设计3因素3水平响应面设计试验。结果表明,响应面模型与实际情况拟合良好,能较好地预测香菇多糖得率。最佳工艺:超声波功率300 W、超声波处理时间25 min、料液比1∶30,多糖得率25.71%,与理论值(25.55%)相比,相对误差较小,为0.63%。与传统热水浸提法比较,超声波提取法多糖得率较高,且耗时少,是理想的香菇多糖提取方法。     

响应面法优化钝顶螺旋藻FACHB-439多糖提取工艺

目的:对螺旋藻多糖提取工艺进行优化,提高螺旋藻多糖的得率,为螺旋藻进一步开发应用提供理论依据.方法:通过单因子实验,初步对影响螺旋藻多糖提取的主要参数优化;然再利用Design expert软件中Box-Benhnker中心组合实验设计和响应面分析法对螺旋藻多糖的提取时间、温度和水料比进一步进行优化.结果:获得了优化的钝顶螺旋藻FACHB-439多糖提取工艺,提取温度为100℃,水浴时间为84min,水料比为41:1.结论:在该条件下多糖得率为4.66mg/g,表明响应面法可有效用于螺旋藻多糖提取工艺的优化.     

响应面法优化金刷把多糖提取工艺

利用响应面法优化金刷把多糖的提取工艺。在单因素试验的基础上,选择提取温度、提取时间、料液比为自变量,以多糖提取率为响应值,进行Box-Benhnken中心组合实验设计,应用响应曲面分析方法优化提取条件,得到金刷把多糖最佳提取工艺条件如下:提取温度95℃,提取时间2.5 h,料液比1∶20 g/m L,此时金刷把多糖提取率的理论预测值为4.62%,最优条件下多糖得率的实验值为4.42%,与理论值的相对误差为4.3%。经过响应面法优化提取工艺,提高了提取率,适用于金刷把粗多糖的提取。     

响应面法优化玫瑰茄粗多糖提取工艺及其抗氧化活性的研究

利用响应面法优化玫瑰茄粗多糖的提取工艺条件,测定粗多糖的抗氧化活性。按照Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计原理,以玫瑰茄粗多糖的得率为响应值,在单因素试验的基础上,进行响应面分析试验,考察料液比、提取时间和提取温度对得率的影响。玫瑰茄粗多糖最佳提取工艺条件为：料液比1∶26 (g/mL)、提取时间3.1 h、提取温度90℃,在该最优条件下所得玫瑰茄粗多糖的得率为14.41%,与预测值接近;玫瑰茄粗多糖对DPPH、羟基、超氧阴离子自由基具有一定的清除作用。研究结果为玫瑰茄粗多糖的研究、开发和利用提供了理论基础。     

响应面分析法优化金蝉花多糖的提取工艺

利用响应面分析法优化金蝉花多糖的提取工艺。以金蝉花多糖得率为指标,采用单因素和响应面法对料液比、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数进行考察,优选出最佳提取工艺为:料液比1∶23(g:mL),提取温度88℃,提取时间97 min,提取2次,实际测得金蝉花多糖得率为6.787%,与模型预测值基本相符。该模型可很好地预测金蝉花多糖的得率,响应面分析法对金蝉花多糖提取条件优化合理可行。     

响应面法优化桑葚多糖的超声波辅助提取工艺条件

本研究利用响应面法优化桑葚多糖的超声波辅助提取工艺条件;选定提取温度、时间及水料比作为影响因素,以桑葚多糖提取率为评价指标,在单因素实验的基础上,通过3因素3水平Box-Behnken中心组合试验建立多糖提取率的二次多项式回归方程,研究超声提取时间、温度、水料比对桑葚多糖提取率的影响;结果显示最佳提取工艺条件为提取温度72℃、超声时间23.5 min、水料比27∶1(v∶m,mL/g),在该条件下多糖提取率预测值为17.80%,验证值为17.78±0.85%(n=3);此方法与传统水提取法相比具有省时、高效的优点,为桑葚多糖的后续研发提供实验基础。     

响应面法优化龙牙百合多糖的高温高压水提取法工艺

以江西万载龙牙百合为原料,研究了料液比、提取温度、提取时间和提取次数4个因素对百合多糖得率的影响,在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-Behnken响应面法设计优化提取工艺。结果表明:最佳提取条件为料液比1∶25(g/mL)、温度121℃、时间92 min,提取次数2次,在此条件下百合多糖的得率为6. 284%。该方法简单、易操作,比较适于百合多糖的提取。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.