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藏猪3个繁殖性状主效基因多态性研究 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
藏猪是我国高海拔特有猪种,为了解藏猪繁殖性能的遗传潜力和基因多样性,利用PCR-RFLP技术测定了202头藏猪ESR、FSHβ和PRLR 3个繁殖性状主效基因位点的基因型多态性,并与文献报道的国内外猪种进行比较。结果显示藏猪群体ESR、FSHβ和PRLR优势基因型分别为BB型、AB型和AA型,3个位点基因型分布均符合哈迪-温伯格平衡。藏猪群体3个繁殖性状主效基因位点都有报道的有利基因型,且有利等位基因频率较高,说明藏猪在这3个基因位点可能具有优良繁殖性能的遗传潜力。 相似文献
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猪乳头性状属于繁殖性状,直接影响母猪哺乳率和仔猪成活率,是种猪遗传改良的重要指标,揭示其遗传机理对提高种猪繁殖性能具有重要意义。猪乳头性状复杂多样,包括乳头数、乳头类型、乳头位置分布和波动不对称性现象等,但其遗传机制尚不清晰。本文对猪乳头及乳腺的形成与发育过程、猪乳头性状调控基因数量性状位点(quantitative trait locus, QTL)定位和候选基因等生理学和遗传学方面的研究进展进行了综述,旨在为今后鉴别影响猪乳头性状的因果突变和主效基因,揭示猪乳头在胚胎发育过程中产生数目、类型和位置差异的复杂遗传机制提供新的视角。 相似文献
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猪UCP3基因部分编码区序列分析及其单核苷酸多态与胴体、肉质性状的遗传效应 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
以猪解耦联蛋白基因 3(UCP3)作为控制猪胴体与肉质性状主基因的候选基因。利用直接测序法对 4个品种猪骨骼肌中UCP3基因的部分编码区序列 (第 4外显子部分及第 5、6、7外显子全部片段 )进行比较分析 ,发现3个cSNP位点 ,其中ORF中第 84 2碱基的突变可导致相应编码氨基酸序列的改变 :甲硫氨酸→苏氨酸 ,选取此位点作为猪UCP3基因的多态位点。用PCR SSCP检测方法在 3个品种猪中进行该cSNP位点多态性片段的基因型分型 ,结果显示在 3个猪群中表现出 3种基因型 (AA、AB、BB) ,χ2 独立性检验结果表明 3种基因型在各品种间分布不一致 ,梅山猪同大白、长白猪分别比较差异极显著 (P <0 0 1) ;对大白×梅山资源家系F2 代 139头个体进行了该多态片段的基因型鉴定 ,并对其基因型与所检测个体相应的胴体、肉质性状采用GLM分析进行遗传效应研究 ,结果表明 :该基因对一些胴体、肉质性状有显著性影响 ,并且该基因以加性效应为主 (如 ,眼肌高度、背最长肌色值、系水力的加性效应都达显著水平 )。因此 ,推测UCP3基因可能是影响猪胴体及肉质性状的主效基因或与主效基因紧密连锁的标记基因 ,并且能够在分子标记辅助选择中用于对猪胴体、肉质性状的遗传改良及固定 相似文献
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绵羊基因组研究进展 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
过去几年中,家畜基因组计划取得了巨大进展。已经构建了猪、鸡、牛、绵羊、马、鹿的遗传图谱,其遗传标记间距在5~20cM。这些图谱对于家畜中与重要经济性状相关的基因或遗传标记的鉴定非常重要。该文从绵羊的基因图谱、比较图谱、重要经济性状基因及QTL定位方面对绵羊基因组的研究进展作了简要阐述。
Abstract:During the last few years,advances in livestock genome projects have been remarkable.Species-specific genetic maps exist for pig,chicken,cattle,sheep,horse,and deer with marker intervals of 5 to 20 cM.These maps have been essential for the identification of genes and genetic markers associated with importantly economic traits in livestock.In this paper,advances of gene map,comparative map,the genes for importantly economic traits and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping were briefly introduced in sheep. 相似文献
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X. Chen F. Salamini C. Gebhardt 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,102(2-3):284-295
Molecular-linkage maps based on functional gene markers (molecular-function maps) are the prerequisite for a candidate-gene
approach to identify genes responsible for quantitative traits at the molecular level. Genetic linkage between a quantitative
trait locus (QTL) and a candidate-gene locus is observed when there is a causal relationship between alleles of the candidate
gene and the QTL effect. Functional gene markers can also be used for marker-assisted selection and as anchors for structural
and functional comparisons between distantly related plant species sharing the same metabolic pathways. A first molecular-function
map with 85 loci was constructed in potato based on 69 genes. Priority was given to genes operating in carbohydrate metabolism
and transport. Public databases were searched for genes of interest from potato, tomato, or other plant species. DNA sequence
information was used to develop PCR-based marker assays that allowed the localization of corresponding potato genes on existing
RFLP linkage maps. Comparing the molecular-function map for genes operating in carbohydrate metabolism and transport with
a QTL map for tuber starch content indicates a number of putative candidate genes for this important agronomic trait.
Received: 19 March 2000 / Accepted: 16 May 2000 相似文献
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Fujishima-Kanaya N Toki D Suzuki K Sawazaki T Hiraiwa H Iida M Hayashi T Uenishi H Wada Y Ito Y Awata T 《Animal genetics》2003,34(2):135-141
The development of informative polymorphic markers is essential for QTL mapping. We developed 50 microsatellite markers from BAC clones containing genes that were predicted to map swine chromosome 4 (SSC4) according to comparative analysis between human and swine chromosomes, and constructed a linkage map that consisted of 37 markers including 24 markers closely linked to genes in BAC clones. Microsatellite markers were developed by direct-sequencing of BAC clones and our results demonstrated that this method was effective for developing microsatellite markers in specific regions on chromosomes. Effective development of microsatellite markers closely linked to genes can further accelerate the comparative studies of chromosomes between different species. 相似文献
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基于元分析的抗玉米丝黑穗病QTL比较定位 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
吉海莲 李新海 谢传晓 郝转芳 吕香玲 史利玉 张世煌 JI Hai-lian LI Xin-hai XIE Chuan-xiao HAO Zhuan-fang Lü Xiang-ling SHI Li-yu ZHANG Shi-huang 《植物遗传资源学报》2007,8(2):132-139
以玉米遗传连锁图谱IBM2 2005 Neighbors为参考图谱,通过映射整合不同试验中的抗玉米丝黑穗病QTL,构建QTL综合图谱。在国内外种质中,共发现22个抗病QTL,分布在除第7染色体外的9条玉米染色体上。采用元分析技术,获得2个“一致性”抗病QTL,图距分别为8.79 cM和18.92cM。从MaizeGDB网站下载“一致性”QTL区间内基因和标记的原始序列;采用NCBI网站在线软件BLASTx通过同源比对在2个“一致性”QTL区间内初步获得4个抗病位置候选基因。借助比较基因电子定位策略,将69个水稻和玉米抗性基因定位于玉米IBM2图谱上,在2个“一致性”QTL区间内分别发现1个水稻抗性基因,初步推断为抗病位置候选基因。本文结果为抗玉米丝黑穗病QTL精细定位和分子育种提供了基础。 相似文献
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Identification of predictive markers in QTL regions that impact production traits in commercial populations of swine is dependent on construction of dense comparative maps with human and mouse genomes. Chromosomal painting in swine suggests that large genomic blocks are conserved between pig and human, while mapping of individual genes reveals that gene order can be quite divergent. High-resolution comparative maps in regions affecting traits of interest are necessary for selection of positional candidate genes to evaluate nucleotide variation causing phenotypic differences. The objective of this study was to construct an ordered comparative map of human chromosome 10 and pig chromosomes 10 and 14. As a large portion of both pig chromosomes are represented by HSA10, genes at regularly spaced intervals along this chromosome were targeted for placement in the porcine genome. A total of 29 genes from human chromosome 10 were mapped to porcine chromosomes 10 (SSC10) and 14 (SSC14) averaging about 5 Mb distance of human DNA per marker. Eighteen genes were assigned by linkage in the MARC mapping population, five genes were physically assigned with the IMpRH mapping panel and seven genes were assigned on both maps. Seventeen genes from human 10p mapped to SSC10, and 12 genes from human 10q mapped to SSC14. Comparative maps of mammalian species indicate that chromosomal segments are conserved across several species and represent syntenic blocks with distinct breakpoints. Development of comparative maps containing several species should reveal conserved syntenic blocks that will allow us to better define QTL regions in livestock. 相似文献
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In the QTL region surrounding porcine MHC, gene order is conserved with human genome 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Carine Genêt Christine Renard Cédric Cabau Claire Rogel-Gaillard Joël Gellin Denis Milan 《Mammalian genome》2001,12(3):246-249
On the porcine genome, the region surrounding the Major Histocompatibility Complex, also called Swine Leukocyte Antigens (SLA), is of particular interest not only owing to itq role in the control of immune response, but also because of its influence on many traits such as growth, fatness, and meat quality. To help in the identification of responsible genes, detailed comparative maps of the MHC region in mammalian species and powerful mapping tools allowing accurate ordering of genes and markers in this region are needed. In this report, we describe the use of the recently developed IMpRH radiation hybrid panel, to construct a higher density radiation hybrid map of swine Sscr 7p-q12, containing 23 additional loci. Our results show that the gene order is conserved between the two MHC-containing regions, even if an inversion is observed above the QTL region in the region containing DEK, SCA1, and EDN1 genes. The framework map produced shows that the IMpRH panel permits the ordering of genes and markers in the three MHC classes and would thus allow accurate localization of ESTs and candidate genes. 相似文献
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A A Paszek LB Schook C F Louis JR Mickelson G H Flickinger J Murtaugh J R Mendiola M A Janzen C W Beattie G A Rohrer L J Alexander L Andersson H Ellegren M Johansson P Mariani L Marklund B Høyheim W Davies M Fredholm A L Archibald C S Haley 《Animal genetics》1995,26(6):377-386
Recent advances in the use of microsatellite markers and the development of comparative gene mapping techniques have made the construction of high resolution genetic maps of livestock species possible. Framework and comprehensive genetic linkage maps of porcine chromosome 6 have resulted from the first international effort to integrate genetic maps from multiple laboratories. Eleven highly polymorphic genetic markers were exchanged and mapped by four independent laboratories on a total of 583 animals derived from four reference populations. The chromosome 6 framework map consists of 10 markers ordered with high local support. The average marker interval of the framework map is 15.1 cM (sex averaged). The framework map is 135, 175 and 109 cM in length (for sex averaged, female and male maps, respectively). The comprehensive map includes a total of 48 type I and type II markers with a sex averaged interval of 3.5 cM and is 166, 196 and 126 cM (for sex averaged, female and male maps, respectively). Additional markers within framework map marker intervals can thus be selected from the comprehensive map for further analysis of quantitive trait loci (QTL) located on chromosome 6. The resulting maps of swine chromosome 6 provide a valuable tool for analysing and locating QTL. 相似文献
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Recent advances in genetic mapping methodologies make it feasible to localize quantitative trait loci (QTL) that contribute to adaptation and speciation. However, it has not been possible to employ these methods in many wild species because of difficulties associated with creating and propagating recombinant populations of sufficient size for QTL mapping. Natural hybrid zones contain recombinant individuals resulting from many generations of hybridization and thus offer a potential solution to these problems. For studies of speciation, hybrid zones offer the possibility of mapping QTL simultaneously with assessments of their effects on assortative mating, hybrid fitness, and interspecific gene flow. Here, we explore the problems and prospects associated with genetic map building and QTL analyses in natural hybrid zones by analyzing correlations among markers of known genomic location in four hybrid zones between the wild sunflower species Helianthus annuus and Helianthus petiolaris. Results indicate that mapping in hybrid zones presents many challenges. These include overlap in the strength of marker correlations between linked and unlinked markers, unevenness in marker frequencies along linkages, and heterogeneity in the relationship between marker distances and correlations. All make it difficult to accurately group and order markers or to estimate the distances between them. These problems can be ameliorated by sampling strategies that maximize the difference in linkage disequilibria between linked and unlinked markers and that minimize differences in frequencies among markers or QTL. In addition, studies that employ a previously determined molecular marker map for gene localization have a greater likelihood of success than those that rely on the hybrid zone data for both map construction and QTL analyses. 相似文献
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XianHu Zheng YouYi Kuang WeiHua Lv DingChen Cao XiaoFeng Zhang Chao Li CuiYun Lu XiaoWen Sun 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2013,56(4):351-359
The ability to detect and identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in a single population is often limited. Analyzing multiple populations in QTL analysis improves the power of detecting QTLs and provides a better understanding of their functional allelic variation and distribution. In this study, a consensus map of the common carp was constructed, based on four populations, to compare the distribution and variation of QTLs. The consensus map spans 2371.6 cM across the 42 linkage groups and comprises 257 microsatellites and 421 SNPs, with a mean marker interval of 3.7 cM/marker. Sixty-seven QTLs affecting four growth traits from the four populations were mapped to the consensus map. Only one QTL was common to three populations, and nine QTLs were detected in two populations. However, no QTL was common to all four populations. The results of the QTL comparison suggest that the QTLs are responsible for the phenotypic variability observed for these traits in a broad array of common carp germplasms. The study also reveals the different genetic performances between major and minor genes in different populations. 相似文献
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Jihad M Abdallah Bruno Goffinet Christine Cierco-Ayrolles Miguel Pérez-Enciso 《遗传、选种与进化》2003,35(6):513-532
Recently, the use of linkage disequilibrium (LD) to locate genes which affect quantitative traits (QTL) has received an increasing interest, but the plausibility of fine mapping using linkage disequilibrium techniques for QTL has not been well studied. The main objectives of this work were to (1) measure the extent and pattern of LD between a putative QTL and nearby markers in finite populations and (2) investigate the usefulness of LD in fine mapping QTL in simulated populations using a dense map of multiallelic or biallelic marker loci. The test of association between a marker and QTL and the power of the test were calculated based on single-marker regression analysis. The results show the presence of substantial linkage disequilibrium with closely linked marker loci after 100 to 200 generations of random mating. Although the power to test the association with a frequent QTL of large effect was satisfactory, the power was low for the QTL with a small effect and/or low frequency. More powerful, multi-locus methods may be required to map low frequent QTL with small genetic effects, as well as combining both linkage and linkage disequilibrium information. The results also showed that multiallelic markers are more useful than biallelic markers to detect linkage disequilibrium and association at an equal distance. 相似文献
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Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is a yield limiting problem in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) production regions with calcareous soils. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using a high density SNP map to discover significant markers, QTL and candidate genes associated with IDC trait variation. A stepwise regression model included eight markers after considering LD between markers, and identified seven major effect QTL on seven chromosomes. Twelve candidate genes known to be associated with iron metabolism mapped near these QTL supporting the polygenic nature of IDC. A non-synonymous substitution with the highest significance in a major QTL region suggests soybean orthologs of FRE1 on Gm03 is a major gene responsible for trait variation. NAS3, a gene that encodes the enzyme nicotianamine synthase which synthesizes the iron chelator nicotianamine also maps to the same QTL region. Disease resistant genes also map to the major QTL, supporting the hypothesis that pathogens compete with the plant for Fe and increase iron deficiency. The markers and the allelic combinations identified here can be further used for marker assisted selection. 相似文献