磁化水对水螅出芽生殖及创伤恢复后水螅出芽生殖的影响

通过经 H型磁化杯 (磁场为 4 0 m T的非均匀场 )磁化水培养正常生活的水螅和横切恢复后的水螅出芽生殖的观察 ,探索磁化水对具有两个胚层的低等水生动物细胞增殖的影响。1　材料方法1.1　材料　采用黑龙江省广泛分布的雌雄异体、实验室培养近 2年的强壮水螅 ,(H ydra robusta) ,培养液为储放两周以上的自来水 ;每天定时喂食 1次 ,食物为裸腹氵蚤 (Moina) ,摄氏 2 2～ 2 6℃条件下培养。1.2　方法1)取刚脱离亲体的水螅 2 8个 ,分成实验组 (2 1个水螅 )和对照组 (7个水螅 ) ,分别以单个水螅培养在磁化水和非磁化水培养液中。每天定时检查产…     

罗源湾水螅水母纲一新属二新种

本文标本系于福建省罗源湾水域采集的。发现在水螅水母纲的裸鞘花水母亚纲、丝螅水母目的唇腕水母科中一新属——拟唇腕水母属Pseudorathkea gen. nov.,一新种大胃拟唇腕水母Pseudorathkea macrogastrica nov. sp.;在水螅水母纲的被鞘软水母亚纲、锥螅水母目、真唇水母科的真唇水母属中一新种,多丝真唇水母Eucheilota multicirtis nov. sp.     

水螅的培养

水螅在教学中是腔肠动物门的代表动物 ,是良好的实验材料 ,故养好水螅对教学和科研都是重要的。1　培养用水使用储放过的自来水。即将自来水放在大玻璃缸中 ,2～ 6 d(气温高可少些 )的曝露储放 ,去除氯气 ,也称养水。如水螅放入后立即充分伸展 ,即可用来培养水螅。可用处理自来水代替养水。2　食物水螅虽可吃切碎的多种动物的肉块、水蚯蚓、孑孓、刚孵化的小鱼 ,但仍最喜食的也最方便的小甲壳动物——水蚤。3　饲养管理培养水螅的容器可根据培养数量的不同而不同。大量培养可采用大玻璃缸 ,少量培养可采用罐头瓶、大试管、小烧杯等 ,水内可…     

水螅的快速繁殖方法

本文介绍了水草附着法,藻苔贴壁法和苔丝附着法。作者利用18—25℃的高水温,充足的水蚤,喂食后及时换水和藻类的光合作用等几个条件,将水螅人工地附着于水草、藻苔和着生绿藻的玻璃绳上,高速、省工、适时地繁殖水螅,十分成功。夏季室温(20—25℃左右)较高,水蚤较易得刭,又是教学使用水螅的旺季.利用水螅的出芽繁殖,几年来为几百所学校提供了数万条活水螅用于教学。冬季保留少数螅种喂水蚯蚓越冬,亚甲基蓝和(口了)啶黄水溶液可防冶水螅的车轮虫病。     

水螅排离胚胎的行为

水螅是二胚层的低等多细胞动物。当水螅生活环图 1　雌雄同体水螅示精巢和卵境条件发生改变时 ,进行有性生殖 ,形成胚胎度过不良环境。作者在实验室温度条件下 ,观察了 5个雌雄同体水螅胚胎被排离亲体的行为。雌雄同体的水螅 ,有性生殖时 ,靠近触手环下方形成精巢 ,卵的形成发生在胃腔部的下端(图 1)。未受精卵白色。卵受精后不久 ,开始胚胎发育 ,镜检可见二分裂球。胚胎发育进行中 ,颜色由白色逐渐变成桔黄色。当发育中的胚胎与水螅体界限明显时 ,水螅开始了排离胚胎的有趣行为。　　直立附着于容器侧壁或底壁的水螅 (图 2 - A) ,身体弯向…     

直饮水对水螅生长与再生影响的比较

检测了30种直饮水对水螅生长与再生的影响。每种水使用切割的水螅组织10个和水螅个体30条,本实验共使用水螅1200条。结果表明：1）分别在30种直饮水中浸泡水螅组织96h,有17％的直饮水致其解体;浸泡水螅个体24h及48h,分别有37％和43％的直饮水致其解体。2）在市售的七大类直饮水中,矿泉水的安全性最高,可直接用于水螅的培养、再生等实验。人工配制的矿物质水不宜作为水螅的实验用水。     

五种水螅基因组DNA的RAPD多态性研究

利用RAPD技术对水螅科2属5种水螅进行了基因组DNA多态性研究.80个随机引物筛选出18个引物,共扩增出303个清晰稳定的DNA片段,分子量在0.3～3.0kb之间.以UPGMA聚类法构建树状图,阐明水螅属种的分类关系:大庆水螅Hydra daqingensis、北京水螅H.beijingensis和强壮水螅H.robusta 3种分成两组并聚在一起;不同属的漠河水螅H.mohensis和绿水螅Chlorohydra sp.聚为一支;由此2属5种水螅分为两个支系.     

中国水螅属一新种(水螅纲,水螅科)

报道采自广东省肇庆市的淡水水螅1新种,多形水螅Hydra polymorphus sp.nov.,研究标本均来自1只水螅的单系繁殖群体,测量数据经生物统计学处理。新种的钩刺丝囊外形及内部刺丝盘旋均有多种形态,故新种名以此命名。所有研究标本保存于深圳大学生命科学学院。     

水螅的畸形触手及其形成原因

正常水螅(Hydra)的触手没有分枝,但在2触手合并过程中有暂时的分枝现象。对于多分枝或呈环形的畸形触手以及引起畸形的原因,目前尚未见报道。笔者于1990年10月观察到1个畸形触手的水螅,为探明其产生原因,进行了一些实验,现将结果报道如下。(一)材料和方法实验用水螅均采自安徽     

水螅的摄食与生殖

水螅是一类只有散漫神经 (神经网 ) ,结构简单 ,在淡水中固着生活 ,体呈圆柱形的动物。在水螅的摄食和生殖等方面笔者观察到一些有趣的现象 (见本期封四彩色照片 ) ,现做简要介绍。1　摄食和消化水螅喜食水蚤、剑水蚤和小型的环节动物。水螅捕食没有数量选择。当游动的 1个或几个水蚤撞到水螅任一触手或几条触手时 ,触手上密布的具有捕食和防御功能的 4种刺丝囊同时放射刺丝 ,将其抓住、麻醉、杀死。同时受刺激的散漫神经引起水螅全身的收缩 ,触手和躯体已缩成一团 ,此时 ,如又一被捕获物撞到收缩的触手上 ,剩余的刺丝囊能够继续放射刺丝 ,…     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.