慢性中耳炎细菌学动态研究及在细菌生物膜形成中的作用

为了分析慢性中耳炎细菌学动态及在细菌生物膜形成中的作用,本研究选取我院在2013年12月至2016年12月收治的300例慢性中耳炎患者作为研究对象。选取160例纳入慢性化脓性中耳炎组和140例纳入中耳胆脂瘤组,对中耳分泌物进行细菌培养,分析中耳分泌物的细菌学分布状况和动态变化情况。采用SPSS 20.0统计学软件进行统计学分析不同时间段的主要致病菌分布变化情况、分析慢性中耳炎细菌生物膜形成与细菌培养结果之间的关系、分析细菌生物膜形成患者的病原菌分布进行排序。结果显示,300例患者中共检出240耳病原菌,占80.00%(240/300);160例纳入慢性化脓性中耳炎组检出率与140例纳入中耳胆脂瘤组检出率比较无统计学意义(p0.05);慢性化脓性中耳炎组和中耳胆脂瘤组病原菌中所占比例最多的是金黄色葡萄球菌,其次是绿脓杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌,两组患者的病原菌构成比总体比较无统计学意义(p0.05);2013年12月至2014年12月检出率显著高于2015年1月至2016年11月,数据比较有统计学意义(p0.05)。本研究表明,金黄色葡萄球菌是慢性中耳炎患者的主要病原菌。     

慢性中耳炎细菌培养与细菌生物膜形成无显著相关

探讨慢性中耳炎细菌培养及细菌生物膜形成的关系分析。选取2015年2月~2017年2月在我院治疗的慢性中耳炎患者143例,其中慢性化脓性中耳炎(活动期)79例,中耳胆脂瘤64例,对患者中耳分泌物进行细菌培养鉴定,同时进行扫描电子显微镜检查。慢性化脓性中耳炎和中耳胆脂瘤患者细菌生物膜阳性率分别为82.28%和71.88%,差异比较无统计学意义(p0.05);143例标本中共有108例检出病原菌,检出率为75.52%;慢性化脓性中耳炎和中耳胆脂瘤细菌培养阳性率分别为72.15%和79.69%,差异比较无统计学意义(p0.05);慢性化脓性中耳炎和中耳胆脂瘤细菌类型分布比较无统计学意义(p0.05);细菌培养结果与细菌生物膜结果无相关性(p0.05);以细菌培养结果预测细菌生物膜的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为76.58%、28.13%、78.70%和25.71%;不同细菌生物膜阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(p0.05)。慢性中耳炎细菌生物膜形成率较高,与细菌培养结果无相关性。     

分泌性中耳炎临床治疗文献综述

分泌性中耳炎（secretory otitis media,SOM）是耳鼻喉科常见病、多发病,它是以鼓室积液及听力下降为主要特征的中耳非化脓性疾病,又名非化脓性中耳炎、卡他性中耳炎、渗出性中耳炎、浆液性中耳炎、黏液性中耳炎、胶耳等。其发生与咽鼓管功能异常、中耳黏膜气体交换功能及乳突气化功能不良、咽鼓管表面活性物质缺乏、感染、免疫、     

慢性化脓性中耳炎病原菌及耐药分析

为了探讨慢性化脓性中耳炎的致病菌及其耐药性 ,指导临床合理用药 ,1999年～ 2 0 0 0年从我中心门诊收治的慢性化脓性中耳炎病人中 ,随机取样 12 6份中耳脓性分泌物标本 ,进行病原及耐药分析 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1.1　标本来源　我中心 1999年～ 2 0 0 0年慢性化脓性中耳炎初诊患者 ,随机采取中耳脓性化分泌物。1.2　试验材料　培养基和细菌微量培养管均购自浙江省杭州天和微生物试剂有限公司。药敏纸片购自北京天坛药物生物技术公司。1.3　方法　菌种鉴定按《全国临床检验操作规程》[1 ] 。细菌鉴定到种。药敏试剂用纸片扩散法 (K- B…     

慢性化脓性中耳炎病原菌群的初步调查

为了解慢性化脓性中耳炎的病原菌分布情况,本文运用微生态学试验方法,初步调查了本病的病原菌组成,资料如下: 试验方法:选择慢性化脓性中耳炎患者,无菌盐水冲洗外耳道,用无菌棉试子     

大连地区耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌调查及药敏试验分析

大连地区耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌调查及药敏试验分析大连医科大学附属二院大连１１６０２３刘敏,王敏营口市中心医院国素华大连医科大学检验系孙宏丹葡萄球菌是最常见的化脓性球菌之一,是临床化脓性感染和医院内感染的主要病原菌,近年来,由于抗菌药物和激素的广泛应用,造...     

流感嗜血杆菌的研究进展

流感嗜血杆菌是嗜血杆菌属(Haemophilus influenzae)中对人有致病性的常见细菌,可引起小儿脑膜炎、中耳炎、会厌炎等原发化脓性感染及呼吸道继发感染。现就流感嗜血杆菌病的流行情况、实验室检查及其预防措施等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

头孢哌酮钠和卡那霉素在豚鼠化脓性中耳炎中的作用及耳毒性机制研究

目的探讨头孢哌酮钠和卡那霉素在豚鼠化脓性中耳炎中的作用、耳毒性。方法 A、B、C组均应用金黄色葡萄球菌菌苗中耳腔注射法制备化脓性中耳炎模型。然后分别应用生理盐水、头孢哌酮钠滴耳液和卡那霉素滴耳液中耳腔给药治疗,各0.2 ml/次,2次/天,连续给药7天。听性脑干反应(ABR)检测豚鼠鼓室内注射金黄色葡萄球菌前后以及抗生素滴耳后ABR阈值。脓性分泌物评分和菌落计数。耳蜗基底膜铺片:毛细胞计数和形态学观察。结果 A组(生理盐水组)、B组(头孢哌酮钠组)、C组(卡那霉素组)实验后ABR听阈分别为(46.00±5.1)dB peSPL(peSPL:等效峰值声压级),(35.25±4.9)dB peSPL,(42.25±5.2)dB peSPL(差别主要是给药后,造模前后无差别)。脓性分泌物评分分别为A组(2.33±0.4)、B组(1.65±0.4)、C组(1.53±0.3)。细菌培养计数分别为A组(117±10.5)、B组(63±6.9)、C组(49±6.1)。A组和B组毛细胞未见缺失,纤毛和表皮板完好,结构正常,C组毛细胞大片缺失,相应部位的纤毛和表皮板也见缺失。结论头孢哌酮钠滴耳液的抗菌效应可以应用于化脓性中耳炎的治疗,且无耳毒性。卡那霉素滴耳液虽然抗菌效应强,但耳毒性较强,所以不推荐作为治疗化脓性中耳炎的一线用药。     

对128例中耳炎脓汁标本的细菌培养与药敏分析

对慢性化脓性中耳炎患者做脓汁培养１２８例,结果金黄色葡萄球菌４２例（占３３．８７％）,居首位,其它依次为绿脓杆菌,奇异变形杆菌,表皮葡萄球菌等,通过对药物敏感试验结果分析,环丙沙星和先锋霉素对慢性化脓性中耳炎有临床使用价值。     

中西医结合治疗分泌性中耳炎136例

分泌性中耳炎以中耳积液及听力下降耳鸣为特征的非炎性疾病,是耳科常见的致聋性疾病,因其病因、病理变化复杂．不易治疗。如部分急性患者由于鼻腔、鼻咽部存在感染,有分泌物．不能常规进行咽鼓管吹张;     

耳内镜与显微镜下Ⅰ型鼓室成形术治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎的疗效比较及术后短期内听力恢复效果的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：比较耳内镜与显微镜下Ⅰ型鼓室成形术治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎的疗效,并分析术后短期内听力恢复效果的影响因素。方法：选取2019年3月~2022年2月期间我院收治的158例慢性化脓性中耳炎患者,均接受Ⅰ型鼓室成形术治疗,根据手术方式不同分为耳内镜组（81例）和显微镜组（77例）,比较两组临床疗效及术后6个月的听力恢复不良发生率。收集相关资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析术后短期内听力恢复效果的影响因素。结果：两组鼓膜穿孔发生例数组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。耳内镜组的手术时间、住院时间短于显微镜组,术中出血量、医疗费用、干耳时间>1个月例数、耳廓麻木发生例数少于显微镜组（P<0.05）。耳内镜组、显微镜组术后6个月的听力恢复不良发生率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。单因素分析结果显示,慢性化脓性中耳炎患者术后6个月听力恢复效果与鼓室黏膜、鼓膜张肌腱、咽鼓管情况、是否鼓室硬化、听小骨周围是否肉芽包裹、术前鼓室内是否有脓性分泌物有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,鼓膜张肌腱缺损、咽鼓管不通、鼓室硬化、听小骨周围肉芽包裹、术前鼓室内有脓性分泌物是慢性化脓性中耳炎患者术后短期内听力恢复不良的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：与显微镜下Ⅰ型鼓室成形术治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎相比,耳内镜下进行手术可缩短手术时间、住院时间,减少术中出血量和住院费用,降低并发症发生率。此外,患者术后短期内听力恢复效果受到鼓膜张肌腱、咽鼓管、鼓室硬化、听小骨周围肉芽包裹、术前鼓室内脓性分泌物等多种因素的影响。     

Computed tomography in the diagnosis of exudative otitis media

Temporal bone computed tomography (CT) was used to examine 37 patients aged 2 to 55 years who had exudative otitis media; in 27 patients of them, a pathological process was bilateral. An analysis of 58 temporal bone CT scans identified the CT signs of chronic exudative otitis media. These included a partial or complete block of the osseous foramen of the auditory tube; impaired pneumatization of the tympanic cavity, mastoid process fenestrae, and antrum; pathological drawing-in of the tympanic membrane. The preservation of the auditory ossicles and the absence of destructive changes in the walls of the cavities of the middle ear were observed in most cases. Repeated temporal bone CT study was performed in 10 patients (14 temporal bones) in different periods (from 2 months to 3 years) after surgery. The results of tympanostomy were visually assessed. These included recovered pneumatization of middle ear cavities (7 temporal bones), a cicatricial process in the tympanic cavity (5 temporal bones), recurrence of the CT manifestations of exudative otitis media (2 temporal bones).     

儿童腺样体肥大程度与分泌性中耳炎发生的相关性研究(英文)

目的:探讨儿童腺样体肥大程度与分泌性中耳炎发生及预后的相关性,指导临床医师对分泌性中耳炎作出早期诊断和治疗。方法:239例住院手术切除腺样体的儿童,常规行鼻咽侧位片、声导抗检查;部分伴耳部症状、声导抗显示C型曲线或查体可疑鼓室积液征者行颞骨CT检查或术中行鼓室穿刺。经统计学分析,比较分泌性中耳炎与腺样体肥大程度及咽鼓管咽口情况的相关性。结果:在239例腺样体肥大儿童中,经鼓室穿刺证实合并分泌性中耳炎者34例(63耳,14.2%),其中鼓室曲线呈B型者33耳(52.4%),C型(-200 dapa)者10耳(15.9%),C型(-200 dapa)者20耳(31.7%)。结果表明分泌性中耳炎的发生与腺样体肥大程度及咽鼓管园枕受压迫的程度呈正相关。结论:声导抗检查不能作为分泌性中耳炎诊断的金标准,必要时可行颞骨CT明确诊断;对腺样体肥大伴分泌性中耳炎的儿童鼻内镜下腺样体切除为其主要疗法,配合鼓室穿刺多可治愈,对反复发作的分泌性中耳炎行鼓室置管术,避免术后并发症的发生。     

The human otitis media with effusion: a numerical-based study

Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. Acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion (OME) are its two main types of manifestation. Otitis media is common in children and can result in structural alterations in the middle ear which will lead to hearing losses. This work studies the effects of an OME on the sound transmission from the external auditory meatus to the inner ear. The finite element method was applied on the present biomechanical study. The numerical model used in this work was built based on the geometrical information obtained from The visible ear project. The present work explains the mechanisms by which the presence of fluid in the middle ear affects hearing by calculating the magnitude, phase and reduction of the normalized umbo velocity and also the magnitude and phase of the normalized stapes velocity. A sound pressure level of 90 dB SPL was applied at the tympanic membrane. The harmonic analysis was performed with the auditory frequency varying from 100 Hz to 10 kHz. A decrease in the response of the normalized umbo and stapes velocity as the tympanic cavity was filled with fluid was obtained. The decrease was more accentuated at the umbo.     

The art of otology

Management of chronic ear infections dependent on recognition of the differences (pathological and clinical) between tympano-tubal lesions and attico-antral disease. Chronic suppurative otitis media as a reason for rejection for military service. Statistics obtained from the Ministry of Labour and National Service. Relative incidence of tympanic and attico-antral disease in a series of 500 hospital patients at the present time. Resistant chronic tympanic disease still a problem. Relation to acute suppurative otitis media. Recurrent and relapsing attacks of acute otitis media. Does early chemotherapy interfere with development of immunity?Problems presented by acute otitis media likely to be elucidated by the general practitioner rather than by the otologist. The general practitioner's opportunities for research in this clinical problem. Incidence of ear diseases in average general practice.Training of medical students in diseases of the ear, nose and throat. Methods of instruction followed in the teaching schools of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and attitude of the Examining Bodies to this subject. The contribution of otologists to the education of doctors.Some observations on facial paralysis. Importance of prognosis. Different criteria in early and late stages of paralysis. Reasons for abandoning the faradic-galvanic tests in the management of facial paralysis. Use of constant current square pulse stimulators in early days of facial paralysis. Electromyography of value in later stages.Present-day difficulties in acquiring skill for facial nerve surgery. Importance of the stylomastoid artery. Recent investigations on the blood supply of the facial nerve: gross vascular pattern and the interfascicular plexus. Further work necessary to relate these anatomical facts to the condition of Bell's palsy.     

Potentialities of temporal bone computed tomography in the identification of causes of hypoacusis of postinflammatory genesis

Temporal bone computed tomography (CT) was used to examine 64 patients with impaired hearing due to inflammatory diseases of the middle year. In 21 patients, the pathological process was bilateral. A total of 85 series of temporal bone CT scans were analyzed. The patients' age ranged from 2 to 66 years. CT verified adhesive otitis media in 62 cases, otosclerosis in 7, local malformation of the auditory ossicles and/or the labyrinthine fenestrae in 11. No CT changes were revealed in 5 cases. The CT symptoms of adhesive otitis media were identified. These included soft tissue bands and/or soft tissue-density portions that fix the auditory ossicles or block the niches of the labyrinthine fenestrae (31 temporal bones); sclerosis or ossification of the ligaments and tendons of the middle ear (7 temporal bones); calcification foci in the tympanic cavity (9 cases); osteosclerotic changes in the epitympanus (2 cases); cicatricial changes in the tympanic membrane (24 cases); destructive changes in the auditory ossicles (19 temporal bones). There has been evidence that CT may be used for the differential diagnosis of adhesive otitis media from otosclerosis and congenital malformations of the structures of the middle ear.     

耳内镜下鼓室成形术治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎鼓膜穿孔的疗效及听力恢复的相关因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨耳内镜下鼓室成形术（TUO）治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎鼓膜穿孔的疗效,并分析影响听力恢复的相关因素。方法：回顾性分析2020年3月~2022年3月期间在邯郸市第一医院接受治疗的218例慢性化脓性中耳炎鼓膜穿孔患者的临床资料。根据手术方式的不同将患者分为A组（n=108,接受传统手术治疗）和B组（n=110,接受TUO治疗）。对比两组疗效、听力恢复情况和并发症发生率。收集B组患者的临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析影响听力恢复的相关因素。结果：B组的临床总有效率高于A组（P<0.05）。两组术后6个月气骨导差、骨导听阈、气导听阈下降,且B组低于A组（P<0.05）。两组并发症总发生率组间对比未见差异（P>0.05）。根据听力恢复情况分为良好组（n=75）和不良组（n=35）。单因素分析结果显示,听力恢复与咽鼓管、镫骨情况、鼓室黏膜、人工听骨材料、鼓膜张肌腱、听骨链有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归模型结果显示：听骨链病变、镫骨仅剩底板、咽鼓管不通畅、人工听骨材料为生物陶瓷、无鼓膜张肌腱是听力恢复的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：TUO治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎鼓膜穿孔,可提高临床治疗效果,改善听力。听骨链病变、镫骨仅剩底板、咽鼓管不通、人工听骨材料为生物陶瓷、无鼓膜张肌腱为听力恢复的危险因素。     

内镜辅助鼓膜成形术与显微镜辅助鼓膜成形术的比较分析

为了揭示内窥镜辅助下和显微镜辅助下鼓膜成形术的疗效差异,本研究共纳入70例慢性化脓性中耳炎患者进行研究,其中35例应用内镜辅助鼓膜成形术(观察组),35例应用显微镜辅助鼓膜成形术(对照组),观察两组的手术时间、术中出血量、气骨导差、干耳时间、鼓膜穿孔及并发症。研究结果显示,观察组的手术时间显著低于对照组((34.54±6.34)min vs.(45.25±8.25)min,p=0.022);观察组的术中出血量显著低于对照组((8.87±2.11)mL vs.(15.22±3.07)mL,p=0.003)。两组患者术后6个月的的气骨导差无显著差异((13.67±2.31)vs.(14.25±3.03),p=0.326)。观察组中干耳时间<1个月的患者为22(62.86%)例,对照组为13(37.14%)例,两组差异显著(p=0.031)。两组患者的鼓膜穿孔率无显著差异(p=0.555)。观察组的并发症(8.57%)发生率显著低于对照组(28.57%)(p=0.031)。本研究表明,在治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎过程中,与显微镜下鼓膜成形术相比,应用耳内镜辅助鼓膜成形术可有效减少手术时间和术中出血量,缩短干耳时间,并具有更少的并发症。     

Role of Toll-like receptor 4 in innate immune responses in a mouse model of acute otitis media

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is considered a major pathogen underlying middle ear infection. This study characterized the role of Toll-like receptor 4 in the innate immune responses to acute otitis media induced by NTHi in mice. We used C3H/HeJ mice, which have nonfunctional Toll-like receptor 4, and normal wild-type C3H/HeN mice. NTHi were injected into the tympanic bulla, and middle ear effusions and tissues were collected. In C3H/HeN mice, the severity of acute otitis media decreased promptly with a significant reduction in bacterial recovery from middle ear effusions 48 h after injection. In contrast, all C3H/HeJ mice had otitis media at all time points examined, and increasing bacterial counts from middle ear effusions were detected in C3H/HeJ mice 72 h after injection. Expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 by the middle ear mucosa paralleled the number of polymorphonuclear cells in the middle ear in both strains. The findings of transmission electron microscopy revealed that phagocytosis and phagosome maturation of polymorphonuclear cells was impaired in C3H/HeJ mice. Our findings indicate that Toll-like receptor 4 plays a part in the early accumulation and functional promotion of polymorphonuclear cells in the middle ear for eradicating NTHi infection.