鹦鹉源Ⅰ型禽副粘病毒F和HN基因序列测定与分析

禽副粘病毒(Avian paramyxovirus,APMV)属于副粘病毒科、副粘病毒亚科、腮腺炎病毒属,现已确定有9个血清型(APMV-1～9)。APMV-1血清型是禽类最重要的致病型,几乎所有禽种均对其敏感。该病毒是一种有囊膜的单股负链RNA病毒,由囊膜、核衣壳和核酸组成;基因组全长约15kb,     

禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒f基因克隆及序列分析

用RT—PCR一步法对云南省不同禽类(鸡、鸽子)3株禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒F基因进行扩增和克隆,并对其f基因片段核苷酸序列进行分析,结果表明,云南省禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒各毒株同源性为88．1％--94．9％,与疫苗株LaSota和强毒株F48E9的同源性为85．6％。所分离两株新城疫病毒在F蛋白裂解位点区(112—117aa)的氨基酸序列与强毒株在这一区域的序列完全相同,表明为强毒株。鸽Ⅰ型副粘病毒F蛋白裂解位点区的氨基酸序列与PPMVZQ98—1株在这一区域的序列完全相同,揭示为中强毒株。以1662bp核苷酸绘制系统发育树,表明云南地方新城疫病毒届于基因Ⅶ型,鸽Ⅰ型副粘病毒届于基因Ⅵ型。     

禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒f基因克隆及序列分析

用RT-PCR一步法对云南省不同禽类(鸡、鸽子)3株禽I型副粘病毒F基因进行扩增和克隆,并对其f基因片段核苷酸序列进行分析,结果表明,云南省禽I型副粘病毒各毒株同源性为88.1%～94.9%,与疫苗株LaSota和强毒株F48E9的同源性为85.6%.所分离两株新城疫病毒在F蛋白裂解位点区(112～117aa)的氨基酸序列与强毒株在这一区域的序列完全相同,表明为强毒株.鸽I型副粘病毒F蛋白裂解位点区的氨基酸序列与PPMV ZQ98-1株在这一区域的序列完全相同,揭示为中强毒株.以1 662bp核苷酸绘制系统发育树,表明云南地方新城疫病毒属于基因Ⅶ型,鸽I型副粘病毒属于基因Ⅵ型.     

禽I型副粘病毒f基因克隆及序列分析

用RT-PCR一步法对云南省不同禽类(鸡、鸽子)3株禽I型副粘病毒F基因进行扩增和克隆,并对其f基因片段核苷酸序列进行分析,结果表明,云南省禽I型副粘病毒各毒株同源性为88.1%～94.9%,与疫苗株LaSota和强毒株F48E9的同源性为85.6%。所分离两株新城疫病毒在F蛋白裂解位点区(112～117aa)的氨基酸序列与强毒株在这一区域的序列完全相同,表明为强毒株。鸽I型副粘病毒F蛋白裂解位点区的氨基酸序列与PPMV ZQ98-1株在这一区域的序列完全相同,揭示为中强毒株。以1 662bp核苷酸绘制系统发育树,表明云南地方新城疫病毒属于基因Ⅶ型,鸽I型副粘病毒属于基因Ⅵ型。     

生物技术在新城疫疫苗研究上的应用

新城疫病毒(NDV)是副粘病毒科、副粘病毒属的原型病毒,亦称副粘病毒1型(APMV-1),属于不分节段的负极性单股基因组RNA病毒。它所引起的传染病——人兽共患新城疫(ND)至今仍是对世界养禽业危害和威胁最严重的病毒病之一。NDV是一种高度接触传染性病原,在小鸡、火鸡、鸽、鹤、鹌鹑和数种鸟群中能引起100％发病死亡。为此,国内外学者一直对ND防治研究给予高度重视。现代生物     

异源副粘病毒感染对雏鸭血清抗氧化酶活性的影响

以雏鸭为试验对象,研究不同来源的副粘病毒感染对雏鸭血清中抗氧化酶活性的影响。选择20日龄健康雏鸭100只,随机分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组,Ⅰ组为对照组,皮下注射0.5 mL/只生理盐水,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别皮下注射0.5 mL/只稀释的鸡源、鹅源及鸭源副粘病毒SPF胚液。分别在攻毒后7、14、21、28 d时,随机抽取Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组雏鸭各5只进行血液采集与血清分离,测定雏鸭血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)及丙二醛(MDA)的活性与含量,研究异源副粘病毒感染对雏鸭血清中抗氧化酶活性的影响,以及脂质过氧化程度与抗氧化酶活性的变化趋势。结果表明,在攻毒后不同时间内,感染异源副粘病毒的雏鸭血清中的SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性和MDA活性与含量变化显著不同,揭示异源副粘病毒对雏鸭血清自由基代谢产生了不同程度影响,脂质过氧化程度与SOD、GSH-Px活性密切相关。     

副粘病毒附着蛋白在病毒融合过程中的作用*

副粘病毒附着蛋白 (AP)是病毒表面的一种主要糖蛋白 ,它能够诱导机体产生中和抗体。近年来的研究表明附着蛋白在病毒融合过程中的作用不仅限于其对受体的识别和结合 ,它还促进融合蛋白 (F)介导病毒与宿主细胞的融合。由此可见 ,副粘病毒具有其特有的融合机理 ,因此研究附着蛋白在病毒融合过程中的作用是揭示副粘病毒融合机理的前提 ,同时也会为新型抑制药物的研究提供思路。     

新分离的副粘病毒Tianjin株的全基因组序列分析

副粘病毒Tianjin株是一株对普通棉耳狨猴具有高致病性,并可能与人类下呼吸道感染密切相关的毒株.为了明确其基因结构、变异特点及种系进化地位,采用RT PCR、测序和拼接,获得了副粘病毒Tianjin株全基因组序列,与GenBank登录的副粘病毒科7个属和尚未分类的28株病毒及7株仙台病毒代表株,进行同源性比较及系统进化分析.结果表明,副粘病Tianjin株属于副粘病毒科、副粘病毒亚科、呼吸道病毒属,与仙台病毒关系最近.基因组全长及组成规律与仙台病毒相似,只是L基因末尾A15240C变异而使L蛋白增加了一个谷氨酸残基.副粘病毒Tianjin株存在440个独特的核苷酸变异位点,导致110个氨基酸残基的改变,系统进化上构成独立的分支.副粘病毒Tianjin株在基因组序列、宿主亲嗜性和致病性等方面与已知仙台病毒存在较大的差异,可能代表仙台病毒的一个新基因型.     

禽副粘病毒2型(APMV-2)血凝素单克隆抗体的制备与初步应用

禽副粘病毒2型(Avian paramyxovirus type 2,APMV-2)属于副粘病毒科、副粘病毒亚科、禽腮腺炎病毒属,是养禽生产中的一种常见病原,禽类感染较为普遍[1,2].利用单克隆抗体对APMV-2进行相关研究也有一些报道,例如Ozdemir等制备了APMV-2的单克隆抗体,并利用单抗对APMV-2的抗原性差异进行了研究[3].国内张国中等也制备了APMCV-2的群特异性单克隆抗体,并利用制备的单克隆抗体建立了检测APMV-2抗原的双抗体夹心ELISA方法用于临床上对该病毒的检测[4,5].     

鹅副粘病毒SF02 F基因的序列分析及SF02的多重RT—PCR鉴别

对新近分离的鹅副粘病毒SF0 2采用RT PCR方法 ,扩增F基因后测序 ,得到全长的F基因。该基因的ORF总长为 16 6 2nt,编码 5 5 3个氨基酸 ,其裂解位点的序列为112 R R Q K R F117,与新城疫病毒强毒株的特征相符。其核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分析 ,并与国内新城疫病毒标准强毒株F4 8E9相比较 ,表明该毒株在F基因上已发生了较大的变异 ,而与近年来在我国台湾和部分西欧国家流行的禽副粘病毒有很高的亲缘关系。在分析F基因序列的基础上 ,设计 3条引物 ,建立了一种新的多重RT PCR方法 ,能区分鸡新城疫病毒与鹅副粘病毒。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.